神港版英语七年级上册第二单元.doc

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7B Chapter 2
【本节重点】
现在进行时
【本节难点】
现在进行时表将来的用法
【基础知识】
I. 重点单词和词汇、句子
1.pollution污染
Pollution means the process of making things dirty and unhealthy.
A．Pollution 污染 noise pollution 噪音污染
2. process n
(1) 过程，进程。
I will tell you, sooner or later, all the complicated process迟早我会把这个复杂的过程告诉你的。
（2）n．步骤，程序，工序，制作法
They are using a new process to make glass. 他们正在用一种新方法制造玻璃。
（3）v. 加工/处理，办理；用电脑处理。
The information is being processed.
Supermarkets sell many vegetables that have been processed.
超市出售许多已经加工过的蔬菜。
固定搭配：In the process of 在…的过程中
The machine is in the process of repair.
In process 在进行中
Process—Processed
3. unhealthy 不健康的；不卫生的
unhealthy eating 不健康的饮食
unhealthy lifestyle 不健康的生活方式
health n. 健康，卫生 healthy 健康的，卫生的。
4. fight v.斗争
(1)vi．打仗，搏斗，打架，奋斗
Fight for your rights 为你的权力而奋斗
(2)vt. 与…作战；与…斗争
They fought their oppressors with all kinds of weapons.
他们用各种武器对抗压迫他们的人。
(3) n. 战斗，搏斗，打架
Who won the fight?
区别：fight，war，battle，struggle
fight意为“战争”，指战争的动作
They fought back in self-defence.
war指全面战争，包含多次
We experienced two world wars in the last century.
battle战役
The battle of Waterloo
Struggle指的是较长时间的激烈的争斗，常指的是肉体、精神上的战斗。
They had to struggle for their freedom.
固定搭配：fight off 击退 at last they fight off the attackers.
Fight out 以斗争方式解决
We have to fight out a dispute.我们不得不以斗争的方式解决争端。
5. be known as作为…而著称
These sweet-smelling flowers are known as the flowers of Shenzhen city.
这种芳香四溢的花作为深圳的市花而闻名遐迩。
（1）be know for 意为“因…而出名“
Koby is know for his basketball.科比因为他的篮球而出名。
（2）be famous as 作为…而出名
Lu xun is famous as a writer.
(3)be famous for 因…而出名
Ye wen is famous for konghu muster.
6．Give out 放出
(1）分发
Our English teacher asked me to give out these books.
(2)用尽
Our food supply has given out。
(3）公布
The news was given out that the king had died.
固定搭配：give up 放弃，give in 上交，让步
B．harmful有害的adj. harm. 伤害 ，损害； harmless 无害的adj
固定搭配：be harmful to 对…有害，语气较重
Be bad for 对…不好
Smoking is harmful to/be bad for body.
7. pass v. （1）传递 如上面的例子
（2）经过，通过
You can not pass the exam. The hole is too small to pass through.
8. 死亡 pass away =die 死的委婉说法
9. Judy is collecting some facts for a class project on pollution.
9. collect
(1)v.收集---collection n.收集，搜集 collect stamp集邮
（2）接走，领取（信件）
He‘s gone to collect his daughter.
区别：collect 和gather
collect 表示精心地，有选择地进行收集。
gather表示把分散的东西集中到一起。不只可以指人或物，还可以指抽象的东西，如力量，，印象等，也可以指采花，摘果，采蜜等。
The Boy gathered his strength to speak.那个男孩费劲全力才说出话来。
固定搭配：
collect one’s thoughts 使镇定，集中（思想）。
The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited.
老太太努力想使自己镇定下来，但是她太激动了。
collect money筹钱，集资
collect v.---collection n—collector收集…的人。
10. project
（1）n．课题研究；如上面例题。
（2）vt.计划，规划
The government projected a tax decrease.政府计划降低税收。
（3）投掷，发射
This kind of machine can project a line of light.这种机器能够投射出一条光线。
拓展：projector放映机，投影仪。
10. doctor 博士
she is interviewing Doctor Ray ,a scientist, about trees
她正在采访Ray 博士，关于树方面的东西。
11. interview
（1）n.接见，会见
He asked for interview the Minister of Education.(give an interview to sb接见某人)
（2）面试，采访
固定搭配：interviewee 面试者，被采访者；interviewer 面试官
12. be interested in 对…感兴趣=be fond of
Why are you so interested in trees, doctor Ray?
13. end n.
(1) 末端，尽头
My friends is waiting for me at the end of the street.
(2)死亡，下场，结局
He met his end in the air crash.
(3) 结束；极限
This is the end of the story.
end v
结束，终止
I hope that this might end my suffering.
固定搭配：by the end of 到…的结尾，at the end of…在…的结尾 end off 结束
ending n. 结尾，结束 endless 无止境的…..
12. breathe vi呼吸
He is still breathing.
vt 呼吸
I went to the mountain to breathe the fresh air.
区分：breath 和breathe的不同之处
breath n. 呼吸，气息 breathe 是动词。
固定搭配：breathe again 安心下来，宽心
His grandma breathed again because he has a better life.
他的祖母终于安下心来了，因为他有了一个更好的生活。
breathe one’s last断气，死
His father breathed his last this morning。他的爸爸今天早上去世了。
13.fresh 新鲜的，未经过加工处理的
fresh meat 鲜肉 fresh water 新鲜水、淡水
新的，新到的 She is fresh from university。她刚从大学毕业。
fresh hand 新手
拓展：fresher freshest freshly freshness n. 新鲜
14.Thank sb/sth for 因为。。。而感谢某人
Thank sb again 再次感谢某人
Thanks to 幸亏，由于
Thanks to your help，we finished the work in time.
It was supposed to be a surprise, but thanks to your big mouth she knows all about it now.
15. natural（1）自然的，有关自然界的。
We visited a museum of natural history.我们参观了一个自然历史博物馆。
（2）天然的
Coal and oil are natural products.煤和石油是天然的产物。
（3）合乎寻常的，正常的
It’s only natural that you should be nervous.你感觉紧张是很自然的。
15.fact 事实 in fact（事实上）=actually=as a matter of fact
16.On 与about 表示“关于”的区别
一般来说，on表示关于严肃的，学术性的内容，如：a report on pollution 一份污染的报告。A survey on smoking 一份关于吸烟的调查；a project on study methonds 关于学习方法的课题。
17. be interested in doing sth。=be keen on/be fond of (doing)sth对做某事感兴趣
18. (1).living things 生物，living adj. 活着的（在名词前定语）如：a living creature一个活着的生物；
(2)alive adj. 活着的（做表语，如be alive,或在名词后）如：a creative alive 一个活着的生物 , a poet alive
(3)live. 生活，居住 live in Shenzhen；adj 现场直播的 a live talk show 现场直播脱口秀。
(4)lively adj. 生动活泼的，a lively boy
17.on Earth 在地球上 =on the Earth on earth 究竟，如，what on earth do you want?你究竟还想去什么地方？
18. enjoy doing sth=loving doing sth very much
19. air conditioner=air conditioning 空调
20. Three trees can do the job of 15 air conditioners三棵大树所起的作用相当于15台空调。
Do the job of 起…的作用。
21.The other trees then produce chemical to make their leaves taste bad to protect themselves.
22. Produce v. 生产，制造（指通过劳动加工而生产产品，特别是工业和农业产品）。
The factory produces 10000 cars one year. V. 上演，上映，出版，播放
This opera was first produced in 1987.这部歌剧第一次上映是在1987年。
农产品，the native produce 土特产。
拓展：producer 制片人，制作人，生产者 product 产品 ，production 生产
23.chemical adj.化学上的，化学的， chemical research 化学研究 chemical weapon 化学武器 n.化学制品，化学药品
拓展：chemistry 化学
24.some trees can also join their roots together underground ,and pass each other food and water.有些树木也能在地下将他们的根连在一起，彼此传递食物和水份。
join
（1）vt 连结，使。。结合（+to/together/up）
He joined the two pieces of wood together with glue.
他用胶水将这两块木头粘在一起。
（2）与…会和；与…交接
This path joins the highway up ahead.
这条路在前面与公路相接。
(3)和…一起做同样的事，和…作伴
Will you join us for dinner?
你和我们一起吃晚饭好吗？
(4)参加；作…的成员（+in）
I will persuade him to join our club.
(5)n. 结合点，连接处
The joins can hardly be seen.
区别：join，join in与take part in
Join有两个用法：
1. 指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其中一员。
Join the army 入党，join the Young Pioneers
2. 和某人一起做某事，其结构为：join sb in（doing）sth
Will you join us in the discussion?
Join in 多指参加小规模的活动,如“球赛，游戏”等，常用于日常口语
Come along, and join in the ball game.
Take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。如：
We will take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
固定搭配：
join up with （为做某事而）与…搭伴，与…结伙
25. underground adj.
（1）地下的，地面下的：the underground passage 地下通道
（2）秘密的，不公开的
They were suspected of underground activities.他们被怀疑进行地下活动。
（3）n.地铁
I used to go to work by underground.
我过去上班乘坐地铁。
26. We cut down and burn a lot of trees every year.
cut down
(1) 砍倒。如上面的例句
(2) 削减
He tried to cut down on smoking but failed.
拓展;cut off 切断，阻碍
27.burn burn down 烧毁 burn away烧光
（1） 燃烧，烧毁
Dry wood burns easily。干木材易燃
（2）发烧，发烫
My cheeks burned。我的脸颊发烫
拓展：burn-burnt-burning
28.We are destroying our best fighters against pollution.我们正在摧毁我们最好的对抗污染的斗士。
Against
(1). 反对，对抗；如例句
(2). 对着，逆
(3). 倚；靠
His desk is against the wall.
1．Defend against 保卫…以免受…
They tried 头defend themselves against the enemy。
2．Against one’s will 违背某人的意愿
3．over against 在…对面，与…相反
My school is over against the post office
29. Read through the interview and correct Judy‘s mistakes
(1) 通过，穿过
The river runs through our village.
(1) 以，用，凭借
She got the position through her older brother.她通过她哥哥获得了那个职位。
(2) 从…开始至终，在…整个期间
He read through the manuscript。
(3)穿过，通过。
The sun shines through the window。
30.share with 分享 belong to 属于，take care of 照顾 find out 找出
27.in order of 按照。。。顺序，by order of 遵照 in order 秩序井然，in order to 为了
31.Pollution means the process of making things dirty and unhealthy.
mean :“意思是”
make +宾语+形容词作宾语补足语
You must make the room clean
Our English teacher’s class makes us happy.
32.Do you enjoy breathing fresh air ?
enjoy doing something固定搭配，
相类似的还有finish ,like, hate, forget, remember等
33. belong v.应归于；属于
This belongs to May
belong 没有被动语态
其他的重点词汇：
Stop/ Keep/prevent/stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
注意：prevent sb from doing sth 和stop sb from doing sth 在主动语态中from 可以去掉，但是被动语态中则不能去掉
keep sb from doing sth中的from无论在主动语态还是被动语态中都不能省略。
34.To help to protect our environment, we plant trees and take care of them.
Take care of 照看，照顾，看管=look after
35.If you want to find out more about us, please send us an e-mail at [e-mail].
find out 发现，找出，弄清楚，查明白
find与find out 的区别

find强调的是在经过寻找（look for）后找到的结果
find out 通常表示“弄清楚，查明白
The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.
固定搭配：
find sb do sth 发现某人做了某事 find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事
二．语法：现在进行时态
结构
be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语　be是助动词，帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句  
动词ing现在分词的变化规则：
1）动词+ing： do-doing teach-teaching ；
2）以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词，双写辅音字母再+ing：　put-putting　；
3）  以字母e 结尾的，去掉e再+ing： make-making take-taking　。
4）单词以辅音字母加－ie结尾，去-ie变y,
再加-ing. 如die(死亡)----dying; tie—tying
注意：表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时，如：
believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），hear，know，understand，belong（属于），think（认为），look（看起来），show，mind，have，sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），care，like，hate，love，
例如：Danny: The doorbell is ringing.
May: I know. I hear it.
某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……：
I’m coming.
我这就来。　
I’m going/leaving.　
我这就走。
语法练习
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式完成句子。
1. He _________ (come) soon.
2. Tom _________ (fly) to Beijing tonight.
3. Look! David _____ (play) chess with his teacher.
4. Linda and Ann _________ (have) lunch now.
5. Miss Li _________ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow afternoon.
Ⅱ. 单项选择
( ) 6. — Where is Tom now? — He ____ an e-mail to his friend in his room.
A. writes B. writing C. is writing D. write
( ) 7. — Jack, why are you under the bed? — I ___ my football. Where is it, do you know?
A. am finding B. am looking for C. look for D. find
( ) 8. Jim, with his friends, ________ a bus in front of the school gate now.
A. is waiting for B. are waiting for C. waits for D. wait for
( ) 9. — Look! Lucy _________ badminton.
— That can’t be Lucy. She seldom _________ badminton.
A. plays; plays B. plays; is playing C. is playing; is playing D. is playing; plays
( ) 10. — ___ all the children ___ in the room? — No, one of them ____ to the music.
A. Are; singing; are dancing B. Is; singing; is dancing
C. Are; singing; is dancing D. Is; singing; are dancing
单元测试卷
I. 选择填空（30分）（共15小题，每小题2分）
1. Our Earth will be _________ if we go on cutting down millions of trees every year.
A. in great danger B. danger C. dangerously D. out of danger
2. Students will make great progress (进步) if they __________ a subject.
A. are interested in B. are interesting
C. are interested D. are interesting in
3. Look! The baby ________ happily now because he ________ you are his friends.
A. similes；is knowing B. is smiling; is knowing
C. is smiling; knows D. smiles; knows
4. The train __________ for Beijing soon. The passengers who are still on the platform (月台) should get on the train at once.
A. leaves B. is leaving C. left D. leaving
5. Books give us knowledge (知识) and make us ________ happy.
A. feeling B. feel C. feels D. felt
6. They’re the biggest and oldest ________ things on Earth.
A. life B. live C. living D. alive
7. The boy enjoys ___________ in the evening.
A. play the guitar B. playing the guitar C. playing guitar D. play guitar
8. Look, who __________ on the playground?
A. is playing B. playing C. plays 　D. played
9. It is going to rain. You’d better __________ an umbrella.
A. bring B. having C. had D. to have
10. Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest _________ writers. He is still ________.
A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive; living D. alive; alive
11. Mr. Smith is ___________ for Shanghai next week.
A. leave B. leaving C. will leave D. leaves
12. -- What _________ your family doing in the park?
-- They’re flying kites.
A. is B. does C. are D. am
13. I think English is ____________ than Chinese.
A. interestinger B. more interesting C. most interesting D. interested
14. The police warn people ___________ the terrorists (恐怖分子)．
A. with B. to C. on D. against
15. The man is ___________, because a ___________ lion is coming.
A. in danger; dangerous B. dangerous; dangerous
C. danger; in danger D. dangerous; in danger
II. 完形填空（10分）（共10小题，每小题1分）
Chinese food is different from English food. In the north of china, people like to 16_ noodles and dumplings, 17 they grow a lot of wheat. In the south of china, 18 , people like to eat rice, for they grow a lot of 19 . Chinese people are also good at 20 delicious dishes. They grow a lot of different kinds of vegetables.
English people like 21 , bread, sandwiches and milk. They grow a lot of wheat and raise cows. Their 22 foods are fish and chips, and the popular 23 are potatoes, tomatoes and cabbages. They drink a lot of coffee, and they drink tea, 24 . And they like black tea better than _25_ tea.
( ) 16. A. drink B. eat C. drinking D. eating
( ) 17. A. but B. however C. so D. because
( ) 18. A. however B. but C. so D. because
( ) 19. A dumpling B. wheat C. rice D. meat
( ) 20. A. cook B. cooked C. cooking D. cooks
( ) 21. A. have B. to have C. had D. has
( ) 22. A. favorite B. like C. favorites D. likes
( ) 23. A. food B. fruit C. vegetables D. drink
( ) 24. A. either B. too C. also D. as
( )25. A. red B. green C. pink D. brown
III. 阅读理解（10分）（共10小题，每小题1分）
A
To: wangle@
From: Li Fang
Subject: Books on sale
Hello, Wang Le. There will be some books on sale in the book store on the morning of June 21st. There will be many kinds of books: books on history, physics, science and art at that time. There are also books on your favorite subject---- computer. After the English exam, I want to buy some books there and want to know whether you would like to go with me.
Please let me know as soon as possible.
Li Fang
( ) 26. What’s the subject of this e-mail?
A. Books on sale. B. Welcome to the party C. Going shopping D. Watching TV
( )27. Li Fang will buy some books