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1、Bbs.freekaoyan.Com 发布 树形图详细讲解 网上的相对理想的树形图答案，注意正两点： 1. 短语和中心词在一竖线上 2. 含有形容词修饰语的名词短语的画法 NP Det N A N a little boy 1. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a) The old lady suddenly left. Det A N Qual V b) The car stopped at the end of the ro
2、ad. Det N V P Det N P Det N c) The snow might have blocked the road. Det N Aux Aux V Det N d) He never appears quite mature. N Qual V Deg A 2. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for e
3、ach. a) full of people AP A P N full of people b) a story about a sentimental girl NP NP PP Det N P NP Det A N a story about a sentimental girl c) often read detective stories VP
4、 Qual V NP A N often read detective stories d) the argument against the proposals NP NP PP Det N P NP Det N the argument against the proposals e) move towards the window
5、 VP V PP P Det N move towards the window 3. Draw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences. a) The jet landed. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det N Pst V The jet landed b) Mary b
6、ecame very ill. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP N Pst V AP Deg A Mary became very ill c) What will you talk about? CP NP C S N Infl NP Infl
7、 VP VP NP V P N What will you e talk about e d) The apple might hit the man. S NP VP Det N Aux V NP Det N
8、The apple might hit the man OR InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det N V NP Det N The apple might hit the man e) He often reads detective stories. S NP VP N Qual V
9、 NP A N He often reads detective stories OR InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Pres N Qual V NP A N He often reads detective stories 4. The following sentences contain modifiers of vario
10、us types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures. a) A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det A N Pst V NP Det A N A frig
11、htened passenger landed the crippled airplane b) A huge moon hung in the black sky. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det A N Pst V PP P NP Det A N A huge moon hung in
12、the black sky c) An unusual event occurred before the meeting. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det A N Pst V PP P NP Det N An unusual event occurred before the me
13、eting d) An old house appeared on the grassy hill. InflP(=S) NP Infl VP Det A NP Pst V PP A N P NP Det A N An old house appeared on the grassy hill 5. The
14、 following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences. a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants. InflP(=S) NP VP N Aux V NP
15、 Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants OR InflP(=S) NP VP N Infl V NP
16、 Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants b) Helen put on her clothes and went out. S NP VP
17、 N VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went out OR InflP(=S) NP Infl VP N Pst VP CON
18、 VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went out c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics. S NP VP
19、 N VP CON VP VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P N Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics OR InflP(=S) NP Infl VP N P
20、res VP CON VP VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P N Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics d) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in.
21、 S S CON S NP VP NP VP Det N V Adv Det A N V Adv The detective went out and the mysterious man came in e) Crusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will melt.
22、 S NP VP CP N V C S S CON S NP
23、 VP NP VP N Aux V Det N Aux V Crusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will melt 6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective,
24、a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence. a) You know that I hate war. S NP VP CP N V C S
25、 NP VP N V NP N You know that I hate war OR CP C InflP(=S) N
26、P Infl VP CP N Pres V C S NP VP N V NP N You
27、 know that I hate war b) He said that Tom asked whether the class was over. S NP VP CP N V C S
28、 NP VP CP N V C S NP VP
29、Det N VL A He said that Tom asked whether the class was over c) Gerry can’t believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam. S NP VP N VP NP
30、 CP Aux Neg V NP C S Det N NP VP N V NP
31、 Det A N Gerry can not believe the fact thatAnna flunked the English exam d) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce. S NP VP
32、 CP N VL A C S NP VP Det N V NP NP N Det
33、 N Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce e) The children argued over whether bats had wings. S NP VP CP Det N VP
34、 C S V P NP VP N V NP N The children argued over whether bats had wings 7. Each of the following
35、 sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of the sentences. a) The essay that he wrote was too long. Deep structure CP C S NP
36、 VP Det N CP V AP C S Deg P NP Infl VP N V NP
37、 N The essay he wrote that was too long Surface Structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V
38、 AP C S Deg P NP NP Infl VP N N Pst V NP N The essay that he wrote e was
39、 too long b) The dog that he keeps bites. Deep structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V C Infl S
40、 Pres NP VP N V NP N The dog he keeps that bites Surface Structure CP C S
41、 NP VP Det N CP V C S NP NP Infl VP N N Pres V NP
42、 N The dog that he keeps e bites c) Herbert found the man she loved. Deep structure CP C S NP VP N Infl V NP
43、 CP Det N C S NP Infl VP NP
44、 N V N Herbert found the man she loved who
45、Surface Structure CP C S NP VP N Infl V NP CP Det N S
46、 C NP Infl VP NP NP N V
47、 N N Herbert found the man (whom) she loved e d) The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics. Deep structure CP
48、 C S NP VP Det N CP V PP P NP C Infl S
49、 N NP VP PP N Qual VP NP
50、 V P N The girl he often quarrels with whom majors in linguistics Surface Structure CP C S NP VP
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