高考英语长难句解析(上课)(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,解析高考英语,阅读中的长难句,1,长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。,理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。,2,1、带有较多成分的简单句。,Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.,一、长难句的分类,3,2、含有多个简单句的并列句。,In the 1970s,he was a surgeon at Yale，and had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.,4,I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的)resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.,3、含有多个从句的复合句。,5,4、含有多个插入成分的句子。,His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地）enough when,as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.,6,5、并列复合句。,I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.,7,Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.,6、倒装句。,8,1、复合从句,不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。,主干,是整个句子的骨架，主要指,主谓宾结构或主系表结构,。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。,通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。,二、长难句的归纳,9,2、分隔结构,为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来。,考试中出现较多的是,插入语,、用,破折号,插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是,定语,）过长而出现,后置,，也可以看作是插入现象。只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。,10,3、成分省略,在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了,避免重复,，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。,11,4、改变语序,改变语序主要指,倒装句式,。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些,副词、连词,相关，有明显的标志。,12,(1),结构分析法,通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。,首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子附属成分。,三、分析长难句的方法策略,13,句 子,判 断,简单句,并列句,复合句,主 干,并列连词,从属连词,14,However,who specialize in ageing,the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years.,方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法找主、,谓语，即找主干成分,many scientists,are doubtful about it and say,15,方法二：并列句的处理方法-找并列连词,Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding Mr.Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted.,and,16,方法三：主从复合句处理方法-找从属连词,a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say,he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble,he appeared one night asking,he could sleep on the sofa.,Whereas,that,that,until,if,17,方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法,先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句,you ask people to name one person had the greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”,and“Webster”,none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man didnt even speak EnglishWilliam,the Conqueror.,but,If,who,who,18,(2),意群阅读法,把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。,19,分析：是状语从句，是主句，是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。,When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，,an unbelted driver would meet the windshield,with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.,20,1.句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（几种从句同时出现）,2.分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语,分隔、定语分隔等）,3.省略现象,四、长难句的几个特点,这些都增加了阅读的难度。因此在回归语篇复习时，要运用所学知识去突破英语阅读中的长难句。,21,五、分析长难句的注意事项,1、是否有同位语和插入语。,2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。,3、替代词的所指对象。,4、判断并列成分的层次。,5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。,22,五、分析长难句的注意事项,6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。,7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时,又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语,从句时的结构分析。,8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、,短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词,语的修饰语。,23,24,Chinese Premier,Li Keqiang,greets journalists upon arriving at his press conference after the closing meeting of the second annual session of Chinas 12th National Peoples Congress(NPC)at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing,capital of China.,25,KUALA LUMPUR-Investigators believe someone aboard a missing Malaysian airplane deliberately shut off its communications and tracking systems,turned the plane around and flew for nearly seven hours after it vanished,Prime Minister Najib Razak said on Saturday.,Where?,26,Practice 1.,Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,to help reduce unemployment pressures。(2009 江苏),27,However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生)graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的)workplace may not have a place for them.,28,找主干，理清思路；,寻关联，辨认逻辑,即先寻找,主句,-整个句子的骨架，特别是主句的,谓语动词,，再寻找,从属连词,，辨认和确定从句与主句的逻辑关系（从句是主句的何种成分）。,Practice 2,Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have$5,000 in loans(贷款)after four yearsloans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.,29,Types and Strategies,.并列和主从复合句并存的复杂句型,If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”,and“Webster”,but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man didnt even speak EnglishWilliam,the Conqueror.,30,分层次，先并列，后主从,即,先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清分句之间的关系（顺连关系、反连关系、因果关系或转折关系等），再通过从属连词辨别主从复合句的逻辑关系。,Practice 3,He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon,until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773,31,Types and Strategies,.各种特殊结构的创新句型,主要形式有省略、插入语、前置、倒装、强调等结构以及被动结构和分隔式定语从句，同位语从句和双重否定等非常规结构,Strategies:,简化结构，直奔主题；调整语序，补充成分，还原本来面目,32,Practice 4,The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females,whereas girls usually will.,The lack of right male(男性的)role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment(环境)means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008辽宁卷C篇),pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females,33,Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.,And your personal car,if you have one,becomes just one more tool in the toolbox-and often an inadequate one,limiting both your mobility and your wallet.(2012湖北卷B篇),Peoples lived in the land,34,NMET,go for it!,Challenge it!,35,(2014 宜昌三月)27.As celebrating the Spring Festival means family reunion,not being able to return home to accompany their parents was _ regret for migrant laborers(打工者).,A.ultimate B.fundamental C.adequate D.superior,（2011，湖北）28.Clinical evidence began to_,suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals,Aoperate Bstrengthen Capprove Daccumulate,36,（稳派创新15，完型）,He has given away close to 100,000 to people he has met around the world.He hands those that he choose a card,36,his project and allows them 48 hours to,37,36.A.asking B.answering C.expressing D.explaining,37.A.get in touch B.get in exchange,C.get along D.get around,37,.,Each writing in her own unmistakable voice,Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains,the love and bitterness,the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households,even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working,admit long-hidden sorrows,and enjoy precious memories.（2013湖北，阅读B）,57.What is Paragraph 4 mainly aboutA.The content of the book.B.The purpose of the book.,C.The influence of the book.D.The writing style of the book.,从,exploring the joys and pains,和,describes the adventure of giving,以及,compare thoughts on bringing up children and working,几个长句的理解是,Perri and Sheila,所写书的内容。,38,Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together,Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with honesty,humor,enthusiasm,and admiration for each other.A written account in two voices,Every Mother Is a Daughter,is a duet(二重奏)that produces a deep,strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.（2012湖北，阅读B）,58.How are womens lives explored in this book?,A.In a musical form.B.Through field research.,C.With unique writing skills.D.From different points of view.,58.D【命题立意】综合理解题。,【解析】文章中in two voices在,Every Mother Is a Daughter,一书中写到母女的生活经历，思想感情，对社会的理解可以知道，作者是从,不同的角度去描述妇女的生活,。,39,(2014宜昌三月)The naughty child admitted regretfully that very little use _ the precious time in the past.(make),那个调皮胡孩子懊悔的承认过去很少,利用,宝贵的时间。,(稳派创新20)we finally got to,_,which the villagers used as a school.(what),我们最终到达这个,曾经是一个古老寺庙的地方,，现在村民当做学校来用。,was made of,what was once an old temple,40世界环境日,为了提醒世人，人类活动对环境的危害，它呼吁政府组织各种活动来保护改善我们的生存空间。,In English writing,we should turn simple sentences into complex sentences,In order to remind the world of the harm.,Human activities do harm to the environment.,World Environment Day,calls on the government to protect and improve our living space.,World Environment Day,is intended to remind the world to be aware of the harm that human activities do to the environment and calls on the governments to launch varieties campaigns to attach importance to protecting and improving human environment,.,41,1.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present.The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的)it can have a major effect on the quality of life and”this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，”said Professor Peter Barnes.(NMET2008全国 II D篇),53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine_.A.cannot be as effective as codeineB.can be harmful to peoples healthC.cannot be separated from chocolateD.can be a more effective cure for coughs,D,42,2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30%is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70%warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷B篇)60.Only a small part of the Suns energy reaches the Earths surface because most of it is_.A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphereB.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphereC.lost in the upper and lower atmosphereD.used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes,C,43,3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment(Kids F.A.C.E.)in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇)72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.A.a program to help students with writingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President BushD.a club of environmental protection,D,44,4.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品)that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇),73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product.B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.,C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.,C,45,5.As the only girl in a family of seven children，she often felt like she had“seven fathers，”because her six brothers，as well as her father，tried to control her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(躲避)into books.Despite her love of reading，she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷A篇)36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A.She had seven brothers.B.She felt herself a nobody.C.She was too shy to go to school.D.She did not have any good teachers.,B,46,谢谢!,47,