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1、最新常用经济术语 国民经济 NATIONAL ECONOMY, 中国化 chinization 对外经济贸易 FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE 经济指标 economic indicators 社会总产值 total product of society 国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 工农业总产值 gross output v
2、alue of industry and agriculture 国民收入 national income 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity ( the fact of the units of money of two different countries being equal 财政收入 state revenue 社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales 社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index 百分点 percentage points
3、"八五"计划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development 计划经济 planned economy 统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing 市场经济 market economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 指导性计划 guidance plan 市场调节 market regulation 建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operationa
4、l mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government 抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology 实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological en
5、vironment and the quality of population 第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries 外向型经济 export-oriented economy 创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise 劳动密集型 labor intensive 技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive 高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing wit
6、h high added-value 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 capital goods 科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings 火炬计划 Torch Plan 技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock 风险投资 venture investment/capital 固定资产投资 investment in fixed ass
7、ets 折旧费 depreciation cost 关系民生的产品 products vital to the people’s livelihood 供大于求 oversupply 供不应求 short supply 经济过热 overheated economy 抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 经济指标 economic indicators 社会总产值 total product of society
8、工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture 国民收入 national income 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 capital goods 宏观调控 macro-economic control 经济杠杆 economic levers 产业政策 industrial policy 财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate
9、 提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns 社会效益 social effect/returns 实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development 财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus) 外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value 外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment 实际利用外资 foreign
10、 investment in actual use 三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture 允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation 优惠条件 favorable terms 减免税收 tax reduction and exemption 合作方式 approaches to cooperatio
11、n 出资方式 means of contributing investment 合营期限 contract term of a joint venture 三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components) 贸易伙伴 trade partner 转口贸易 transit trade 积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 activel
12、y introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside 交钥匙工程 turn-key project 招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system 招标出售技术 bids for technology 公开招标 call for bid; tenders 招标单 invitation for bid (IFB) 标书 bidding document 竟标 competi
13、tive bidding 投标 bid for a project 投标报价书 bid proposals 评标 bid proposal evaluation 开标 bid opening 中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender 拍卖 auction 租赁 leasing 保税区 bonded area; free trade area 实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening 统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy,
14、liberalized operation, and equal competition 自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system 知识产权 intellectual property rights 技术转让 technology transfer 可行性研究 feasibility study 意向书 le
15、tter of intent 投资环境 investment environment 跨国公司 transnational corporation 基础设施 infrastructure 20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years 发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from o
16、utside. 招商 attract investment 招商项目 project proposals for investment 同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage 加大改革力度 intensify reforms 一条龙服务 one package service 一支笔审批 one-chop approval 我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent,
17、 the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other. 平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods 外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections 保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustai
18、n momentum of development 三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun. 瓶颈 bottleneck 以工养农 use industrial income to finance
19、 agriculture 以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects 下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control 良性循环 positive cycle 国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺
20、企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss 三角债 chain debts 上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish 质
21、量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization 批量生产 mass production 以销定产 limit production to market ability 内联企业 inland associated enterprises 菜篮子工程 shopping basket project 国产化 percentage of home-made parts 配套改革 coordinated reforms 配套措施 supporting measures 配套工程 auxiliary pro
22、ject 国内配套资金 domestic funds 向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry 升级换代 upgrading and updating 看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth 行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected. 行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price 随行就市 fluctuate in line with market con
23、ditions 片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate 在过渡时期 in a period of transition 粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation 基础地位 leading position 门类齐全 covering extensive fields 存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans 外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves 贸易顺差 trade surplus
24、 完善的市场和发达的金融体制well-established market and sophisticated financial system 消灭失业wipe out unemployment 降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order 紧缩银根tightenthe money supply 一位数水平one digit level 保持双边贸易的平衡balance the two-way trade 这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实
25、的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to reinforce their constant/continuous economic ties. 市场疲软a marketslump 库存积压overstocked products 国家指令性计划state mandatory planning 统一定价unified price setting 国家统配物资materials allocated by state 货币发放the issue of currency 规范价格秩序sta
26、ndardize the price order 简化流通环节，增加随机检查simplify circulation and add more random checks 市场机制开始发挥调节作用。The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role. 由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance. 导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。 An important factor (contributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural adjustment of prices.
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