basketball.doc

I. History of Basketball
1. James Naisimith
Watch the video clip
2. FIBA—— International Basketball Federation Headquarter： Munich in Germany
Watch the video clip
II. 篮球 Basketball 英语词汇
1. watch the video clip about the court of basketball (06:40’)
2. basketball rules
3. vocabulary
球场－court 前锋－forwards 后卫－guards
中锋－center 后场－backcourt 前场－frontcourt
大前锋－power forward 小前锋－small forward
篮框－rim,basket 篮板-backboard，glass 罚球线 free throw line
争球－jump ball 攻方－offense 守方－defense
计时器－shot clock 打成平分－tie，
draw 加时赛－overtime（OT）
运球－dribbling 身前快速运球－speed 双手交替运球－crossover
身后运球－behind-the-back 腿间运球－between－the－leg
转身运球－spin 传球－pass 胸部传球－chest
反弹传球－bounce  跳投－jump shot

勾手投篮－hook shot
投篮命中率－field goals（FGs）
三分球命中率－3-point FGs 罚球－foul shot
罚球线－free throw line 篮板－rebound
攻方篮板－off.rebounds 守方篮板－def.rebounds
助攻－assists 内线得分－points in paint
暂停－time－out
卡位－screens， boxout
篮板时：当防守方在篮下阻挡进攻方抢篮板球时的动作双臂张开，腿半蹲，沉腰，全力将进攻方挡在自己背后。使进攻方在抢篮板时起跳困难，且容易造成进攻篮板犯规。低位进攻时：同抢板时动作要领相同，目的都是将对方卡在自己身后。但进攻时所卡位的方向与抢篮板时完全相反，背对篮筐。适合运用卡位的位置在漆线区周围。一般都是中锋或者大前锋所掌握的技术。在一个拥有强力内线时会经常用到的技术。配合战术是其他队员将防守方拉到远处，防止盗球。
人盯人－men－to－ men defense 区域防守－zone defense

盖帽－blocking“盖帽”是指篮球比赛中，队员原地或跳起用单手或双手将球举起试图投篮，在球离手的一刹那，或者球高手后向上飞行的过程中，防守队员跳起用手臂封堵，干扰和破坏了球的正常飞行，有效地阻止了投篮得分，通常人们把这种动作称为盖帽。

失误－turnovers 撞人犯规－charging
阻挡犯规－holding 推人犯规－pushing
技术犯规－technical offence（fouls） 大力传球－baseball－type
身后传球－behind－the－back 投篮方式－shooting form
直接篮下得分－lay-up 大力灌篮－the dunk shot，slam
1.In a basketball game, teams constantly trade possession of the ball. At any given movement, the offense is the team that has the ball, and the defense is the team without the ball. For the offensive team, its success depends on its members playing together. On offense, only one player handles the ball at a time, but the other players are always moving and positioning themselves to try to create scoring opportunities, either for the ball handler for themselves.
2.Play big
Bigger players can force their way closer to the basket, creating shorter shots for themselves and opening up space for the guards on the perimeter to hit jump shots. Playing big also gives a team an advantage in rebounding, the disadvantage of playing big is that smaller, quicker opponents may use their speed to play a fast-break game.
3.A team’s three-point game certainly depends on having excellent shooter, but it also depends on players setting good, solid screens that get shooters open and on players using the wings of the court(and thus forcing the defense to cover more area) . It also depends on having a strong inside game that prevents the defense from concentrating too much on the outside shooters.
4.Blocking out and rebounding are keys for a successful offense, because the team gains second or third opportunities to score on missed shots. However, blocking out and rebounding are generally more difficult for the offensive team than for the defensive team, because the defenders are usually playing closer to the basket than the offensive players.
5. An important element of man-to-man defense is matching up properly, so that players defend opponents who play the same position and are roughly the same size and skill level. The defense thus ensures that the offense does not create mismatches.

The National Basketball Association
美国职业篮球联赛
1.The history of NBA
The National Basketball Association(NBA), with 29 teams from the United States and Canada, is the major professional basketball league in the world, and represents the highest level of professional play. Players from all over the world aspire to play in North America. In 1946, a few Eastern-based arena operators agreed that they needed more events to bring the public into their buildings on nights their hockey teams were not scheduled play. From these decidedly humble beginnings, a professional basketball league that is now known as the National Basketball Association or NBA was born. There were 11 teams in that inaugural season of 1946-47, and only three remain today. They are the Boston Celtics, the New York Knicks and the Warriors, who started in Philadelphia, moved to San Francisco in 1962 and to Oakland in 1971, where today they are known as the Golden state Warriors.

2. Schedule of NBA
The 29(there is 30 teams after Charlotte Bobcats’ joining in ) NBA teams are divided into two conferences, the Eastern and Western, each of which has two divisions(now, it is divided into 3 divisions each after Charlotte Bobcats’ joining in). Each NAB team conducts a training camp in October to determine its 12-player roster. Training camp allows each team to evaluate players, especially rookies, to assess the team’s strengths and weaknesses, and to prepare players to the upcoming season through a series of on-court drills and practice of offensive and defensive strategy. After a series of exhibition games, the NBA begins its 82-game regular season in the first week of November.
The NBA has an 82- game schedule that’s arranged by the league office. David Stern, commissioner of the NBA, has some people in charge of going through the schedule, and looking at the different teams. They come up with the schedule. There are 82 games in the regular season: 41 games on the road; and 41 games played at home. That makes the regular season. It’s a pretty rigorous schedule compacted into about 5 months---6 months. When you look at the playoff format in the NBA, they pick 8 teams in the Western conference, and 8 in the Eastern conference. The top 8 teams they pick---according to their records--- the teams in the Western conference do the best record, you see the number 1, they go down all the way to number 8, and in the Eastern conference, they go best record and they go down the line. On both sides, they play 8 plays number 1, 2—7, 3—6, 4—5, the first round match-up in the playoffs. The format is the best out of 5, the first team to win 3 games win the series. They do that on both conferences. The 2nd round in the playoffs is the best of 7 series. The 1st team to win 4 games in that series wins that series, then they play in the conference finals. That’s also a best –of- 7 series and then the 2 best teams from Eastern and Western, will play in the NBA final.
3. Playoff季后赛
After the NBA season concludes in April, a total of 16 teams qualify for the playoffs(eight teams from each conference). In each conference the two division winners are guaranteed a playoff spot. The remaining playoff sports in each conference are awarded on the basis of win-loss records to the six next-best teams regardless of division. The playoffs start with the teams with better records playing the teams with worse records in a best-of-five series, in which the winner is the first team to win three games, in subsequent rounds best-of-seven series are played, with the first team to earn four victories winning the round. The playoffs continue in this elimination scheme until a conference champion is crowned. The champions from the Eastern and Western conferences, then meet in a best-of-seven series to determine the NBA champion.
4. Larry O’Brien Championship Trophy 总冠军奖杯
The Larry O’Brien Championship Trophy, hand-crafted in sterling silver with a 24 karat gold overlay, was designed and manufactured by Tiffany& Co. The trophy, comprised of nearly sixteen pounds of sterling silver and vermeil (sterling silver with 24 karat gold overlay) and standing about two feet tall, is etched to resemble a basketball net. A single rod extends from the base to the ball, giving the appearance of a play in motion. The regulation size sterling silver and vermeil basketball rests along the rim of the net. The trophy is created each year in the Tiffany & Co. Silver Shop. The NBA Championship Trophy was created in 1978 for the National Basketball Association and renamed in 1984 in honor of the late former NBA Commissioner Larry O’Brien. Larry O’ Brien was commissioner of the league from 1975 to 1984 and was inducted into the basketball Hall of Game in May 1991.

5. NBA teams
见网页

东部联盟EASTERN
大西洋赛区（Atlantic） ：76人、尼克斯、网队、凯尔特人、猛龙

中部赛区（central） ：活塞、步行者、骑士、雄鹿、公牛

东南部赛区（southeast） ：热队、魔术、奇才、鹰队、山猫

西部联盟WESTERN ：
西北赛区Northwest ：森林狼、掘金、爵士、开拓者、超音速
太平洋赛区Pacific：国王、湖人、太阳、勇士、快船
西南部赛区southwest：马刺、火箭、小牛、灰熊、黄蜂

菲尼克斯太阳（Phoenix Suns）： PHO
圣安东尼奥马刺（San Antonio Spurs）： SA
西雅图超音速（Seattle Supersonics）： SEA
达拉斯小牛（Dallas Mavericks）： DAL
萨克拉门托国王（Sacramento Kings）： SAC
休斯敦火箭（Houston Rockets）： HOU
孟菲斯灰熊（Memphis Grizzlies）： MEM
洛杉矶湖人（L.A. Lakers）： LAL
明尼苏达森林狼（Minnesota Timberwolves）： MIN
丹佛掘金（Denver Nuggets）： DEN
洛杉矶快船（L.A. Clippers）： LAC
波特兰开拓者（Portland Trail Blazers）： POR
犹他爵士（Utah Jazz）： UTAH
金州勇士（Golden State Warriors）： GS
新奥尔良黄蜂（New Orleans Hornets）： NO
迈阿密热火（Miami Heat）： MIA
底特律活塞（Detroit Pistons）：DET

克里夫兰骑士（Cleveland Cavaliers）：CLE
华盛顿奇才（Washington Wizards）： WAS
奥兰多魔术（Orlando Magic）： ORL
芝加哥公牛（Chicago Bulls）： CHI
印第安纳步行者（Indiana Pacers）： IND
密尔沃基雄鹿（Milwaukee Bucks）：MIL
夏洛特山猫（Charlotte Bobcats）： CHA
亚特兰大老鹰（Atlanta Hawks）：ATL
Pacific division
波士顿凯尔特人（Boston Celtics）：BOS
新泽西网（New Jersey Nets）： NJ
纽约尼克斯（New York Knicks）事实上Knick是knickerbocker的简称。knickerbocker的中文的意思是指纽约的人，也就是“纽约佬”的意思。： NY
费城76人（Philadelphia 76ers）： PHI
多伦多猛龙（Toronto Raptors）： TOR