同义词和写作常见词汇.doc

第一类：
巨大: big-colossal/ enormous(size, number, degree)/ immense(size, degree)/ gargantuan/ grandiose/ massive/ monolithic/ prodigious(bulk, quantity, degree)/ titanic/ tremendous(large)
小的: small-diminutive/ miniature/ miniscule
快的(副词):fastly—by leaps and bounds(with extraordinary rapidity)
加强: strengthen-bolster/ buttress/ consolidate/ reinforce/ intensify/ fortify (可以用在argument)
强的: strong-brawny(人)/ muscular/ sinewy/ impregnable(不可征服)/ invincible(不可征服)/ potent/ robust(人，大范围情况下无失败的能力)/ virile/ stalwart(人，精神，思想)/ stout/ sturdy
强人: baron(巨头) magnate/ mogul—显赫之人
削弱: weaken-diminish / debilitate/ enervate也可用于精神道德上削弱/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane
弱的: weak—feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous
重要的: important –consequential/ momentous/ eminent/ prominent/ pivotal极其重要/ substantial/ significant/ crucial/ essential/ fundamental
重要: importance—core/ hub/ essence-本质精髓/ gist-main point/magnitude
（类似的）
居首位的: leading—foremost/ paramount-至高无上/ overriding /predominant主导地位的，显著的/ prevailing/ preeminent prevalent/ supreme
不重要的: unimportant—marginal/ peripheral/ negligible-微不足道/ trifling/trivial-也作琐碎的
超过: surpass—eclipse-to reduce in importance or repute /exceed/override/overwhelm-强势压倒也可用于精神上overwhelming-adj./prevail/transcend/ be superior to/ outwit / outweigh / be inferior to（劣于）= be subordinate to
强权: ascendancy/hegemony-也做霸权/supremacy

二
初始: beginning—debut/premiere/ prime也做adj.首要的最好的/ genesis-noun. 起源/ inception/ onset/ threshold/ lead off/ lead out (比to begin with好得多拉 )
(或者说什么的到来：advent of something)
初始的: beginning-- primitive//budding/ fledgling/ embryonic-萌芽期的/（古老的意义解时archaic or antiquated or obsolescent or obsolete）
开始: begin/start—commence-vi&vt/ initiate-vi/ embark/ inaugurate
开始：begin/start=undertake / embark upon着手开始做
增长: grow—multiply成倍增长/mushroom-vi/proliferate/ sprout/accelerate/ burgeon(慢慢增长)
使其增长: increase--amplify/ magnify/ add-augment/ supplement增补
加重，升级 aggravate (恶化)vt / escalate-vt&vi/ exacerbate-vt加重恶化/ deteriorate/ impair-vt.损害削弱
减少，减弱: decrease—abate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/ (number)pare/ prune删除多余的东西/ slash/ trim/ whittle削减利润收入等金钱方面、权利、差别、数目/
减轻decrease---allay/ assuage-减轻使痛苦的东西如愤怒、内疚等/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate/
变弱decrease—dwindle/ ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair
上升: ascend—lift / surge/ rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom
达到顶峰 culminate 也表示以…告终 culminate in；
顶点: peak—acme/apex/ pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/ zenith(nadir最低点 or abyss深渊) (zenith&nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大~两个词的来源大家可以查查~两个对比强烈哦 ) It felt as if we had traveled from nadir to zenith.
下降: descend/ plummet垂直急速下降/plunge/ slump/ tumble (fluctuate波动)

三
gather聚拢：accumulate/ amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)
group群组：battalion/ bevy/ cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throng
combination集合：assortment/ medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/ motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)
a lot of/ a great many of= manifold 许多 – abundant/ ample(充足) / copious(大量的)/ fraught with/ replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数)/ myriad 很多/ a multitude of/ multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/ beaucoup <法> adj.非常多的
(很多同学都喜欢用~a lot of~a great number of~这里注意:numerous这里表达的不是无数很多那样~之表示一般的多~这一点从G猫老外改得一篇文章可以看到)
large quantity: 大量：avalanche/a spate of(比喻意大量的某物) / exodus大量流出/ 大量流入influx/ multitude大量 / plethora 比喻意：大量/ profusion 丰富，繁多
拥有大量：boast/ abound / a deluge of(被大量的某物所淹没)/ teem-vi: teem in到处
散开：spread- dispel(驱散)/ disperse-vi&vt/ disseminate
稀少的：scarce/ meager/ scant/ scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth
节俭的：frugal/ thrifty/ miserly吝啬的/
富裕的：rich- affluent，affluent society 富足社会/ lavish/ luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous奢侈的豪华的/ palatial
浪费的：improvident无远见的/ prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/ profligate
贫困的：poor= destitute/ impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent (形容人)

四
困难的：difficult= arduous/ strenuous/ daunting/ formidable/ exacting/ insuperable/ impassable-~ gulf无法逾越的鸿沟/ onerous繁重的（issue中大量存在"困难"的表达）
困境：(陷入困难的处境就是困难)difficult situations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/ quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/ labyrinth迷宫-a ~ of relationship 错综复杂的关系(很好的比喻的说法~可以说什么问题把我们陷入了一个迷宫~僵局等~)
陷入：reduce/ get bogged down/ plunge into
复杂的：complicated/ intricate/ complex/这里介绍一个很好的押韵的方法：complex and perplexed/ complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表达困难的地方可以显示出词汇的完善更能有一种押运修辞的效果~读起来琅琅上口)
复杂的事情：imbroglio/ mesh/ tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze
卷入复杂的境地：involve= embroil/ ensnare诱入陷阱/ entangle
从复杂境地脱身：escape= extricate
难以理解：abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/ arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/ cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/ enigmatic 谜一般的 enigma 形容词形式/ inexplicable无法解释/ inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/ mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial
(这里的词很多都表示 难以理解~ 很多题目学习类~教育类~社会类~历史类~艺术类~只要表示某某问题把我们难倒了都可以用)
迷mystery-puzzle= enigma/ conundrum/ riddle/迷宫labyrinth/ maze
令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle/ befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex
令人沮丧：depressed= with depression/ frustrating/ daunting令人畏惧的/ dismal/
使可以理解：clarify= elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/ explicate阐明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚
可以理解的：intelligible = explicit/ lucid
阻碍：hindrance-noun.= fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/ onus负担重任
阻碍：动词hamper = encumber造成负担/ foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/ handicap/ hinder/ impede/ retard
压制：smother/ stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress/ pin down
协助促进：aid = facilitate/ foster/ nurture/ buttress/

五
著名的：famous = celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/ distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/ notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminent
be famous for = take pride in
elite= meritocrat (meritocracy n.知识界精华)(用上的话超级有文采~嘻嘻)
有特色：feature = savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列
臭名昭著：disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著
好的名声：reputation = esteem/ prestige
坏的名声：disgrace/ disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma 不好的声誉，耻辱。
尊重 noun.：respect = reverence/ veneration/ homage
高尚的：noble = rarefied/ sublime/ lofty
不尊重 名次：disrespect = scorn蔑视
招人轻视的：contemptible = despicable
尊重：动词idolize/ worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/ revere敬爱，敬畏
不尊重：动词 disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/ disdain/ slight/ snub
赞扬：名次praise= accolade赞美，奖项/ approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/ panegyric/ plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言
赞美：动词praise = acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/ commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美
应该受到谴责的：形容词reprehensible
谴责：condemn= censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋 / remonstrate争辩，申辩
责备：admonish/ reproach/ reprove温和的责备
严厉责备：动词 berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid
令人讨厌的事物：名次 anathema
谩骂的：abusive/ vituperative

六
有害的事物：harmful things=
contagion传染病瘟疫 epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/ plague
疾病：malady 瘴气：miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患：scourge
不再害怕看到世界中心深处的毒气：unafraid to look deep into the miasma at the heart of the world.
有害的：harmful = deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous
邪恶的：evil/ devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/ venomous / sinister/ hafarious/ vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental
致命的：fatal/ lethal前两个并非贬义/ pernicious极其有害的
有益的：形容词：hygienic/ sanitary 广义的卫生的/ salutary/wholesome有益身心的
有害的事物: bane致命的毒药 / blight植物的枯萎病/
损害：harm = blemish/ deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish拆毁，推翻（观点）
有益的事物：antidote 解毒药/ remedy药物：纠错/ panacea 万能良药 elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing / tonic 补药
改善：improve = ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/ rectify/ redress/
毁坏，毁灭：destroy/ annihilate彻底消灭/ exterminate终结/ eliminate/ eradicate根除/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle/ raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地/ devastate/ ravage/ wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆
可怕的：awful = horrible/ terrible/ tragic/ wretched / dire
复苏，复兴 动词：revive= rejuvenate/ resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive
动荡的，混乱的 形容词：tumultuous/ turbulent/
混乱：名词：chaos/ confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/ shambles废墟/ turmoil 混乱，动荡/ upheaval突发的巨变
灾难：calamity/ cataclysm/ catastrophe
危险 名词：danger/ hazard/ peril
危险的：hazardous/ perilous/ precarious/ treacherous
危及：动词 endanger/ compromise/ imperil/ jeopardize
保护：protect = safeguard
表示进步,提高的动词:
improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade
refine

重要,关键:
important significant consequential momentous considerable essential
valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital
substantial material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent 杰出的
eminent卓越的显著的； noticeable

正确的,无误的:
correct rectify-纠正改正 accurate precise proper undistorted-未被曲解的 right impeccable-无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的

增长和减少(这个超级常用!)
增长：extend magnify amplify aggrandize intensify enhance prolong-时间范围方面的延长
减少：reduce curtail lessen-大小数量范围程度 dwindle-逐步减小
increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize
elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate
lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlarge diminish
dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思） slump
和证明相关的:
justify warrant assert claim contend-声称主张 argue validate-验证 substantiate verify
accuse assign indict allege-断言 affirm
论题:
statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction
persuasion
要求
request demand needs requisition
撤销
to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; [Law] to rescind; to quash
建立
to build up; to establish; to set up; to found; to take root; to strike
root
消除
to eliminate; to clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; to smooth
away
推理
1.[Logic] inference; reasoning; deduction; ratiocination
2.to reason
3.to put two and two together
相应
1.corresponding; relevant; relative; fitting; appropriate
2.accordingly; correspondingly; by the same token; in a corresponding way
3.to correspond to; to act in responses; to work in concert with; to
support each other
导致
1.to lead to; bring about (or on); to result in; to cause; spark off;
conduce to; to procure; to induce; to generate
后果
a consequence; an aftermath; an outcome
检查
to inspect; to check; to examine; to look over; to put to the test; to keep
a check on

发（奖品）
prize reward award grant assign confer(on) honor fame credit contribution
acknowledgement recognition
表示程度的副词
very strikingly-引人注目地，突出地，惊人地 greatly highly insatiably=贪得无厌地，不知足地 exceedingly-非常极其 dreadfully-可怕地，糟糕地，非常 remarkably-非凡地显著地
drastically-激烈地彻底地 dramatically
足够
sufficient adequate enough
剩下几个也是常用的
present justify practicable hence consequently examination
accountable responsible

twist and turn 迂回曲折
might and main 尽全力 do sth. with ~
part and parcel 重要部分
safe and sound 安然无恙
spick and span 崭新的，极干净的
time and tide 岁月，时光
go to rack and ruin 陷于毁灭
slow and sure 慢而稳，稳妥
hale and hearty 老当益壮
chop and change 变幻莫测（尤指观点,计划等）
fair and foul 在任何情况下 through ~
weal and woe 福祸
sum and subs tance 主要情况，要点（尤指讲话的主要部分）
forgive and forget 不念旧恶
wax and wane （月的）盈亏圆缺；盛衰
1 inferno 地狱，可与幸福生活形成强烈对比 the inferno of war
2 inky 用于个人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫 the inky darkness of one’s pursuit of own destiny
3 promulgate 公布，颁布法令，新法律 promulgate a belief, and idea, a theory, etc the promulgation of a treaty
4 latency 如作者主张尚未表现出的危险或其主张的长远作用 latent---latent ability , a latent infection after a careful examination, it is no need to go too far to sense that the author’s claim underlies a latency of peril to both personal and even societal degree./ lurks a latency of profound implication.
5 Connotation 内涵，言外之意――― Hollywood always holds connotation of romance and glittering success. 贬义词 derogatory connotation
6 Motivate / ignite 用于深究心理方面深层的原因，或者内因 be motivated by greed, fear, love a teacher who can motive her pupils
7 Nectar 在描写艺术方面的享受时有用，甘露，
8 Emulate 仿效，主要用于名人的作用 emulative 好胜的
9 责任 obligation , responsibility, liability
10 重要 paramount the reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government’s economic policy
11 Ponder 1 深思 pondering on the meaning of life
12 Delve in/ into 探索，钻研，起源 a writer delving in medieval French literature delve into the origins of the custom
13 Blood 根源 of the same blood
14 演绎推理 deduce 追溯源头
15 Augment 增加提高 continuing rains augment the flood waters.
16 混乱 turmoil uproar pandemonium chaos the country was in a turmoil during the strike. There was uproar over the tax increases. Left in a state of chaos
17 Rote learning 死记硬背的方法
18 Reminisce 缅怀美好的往事 reminiscence 怀旧 reminiscence of my youth
19 Halcyon 太平盛世 halcyon times the halcyon days of youth
20 Quietude 平静寂静 equability 平和宁静
21 Equanimity 镇静 she maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal.
22 Impassivity 泰然自若
23 Equilibrium 平衡均势 disturb the equilibrium of the chains of natural environment.
24 Balance -----try to achieve a better balance between work and play. This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.
25 Placidity 平静 the placidity of his temperament
26 Deformity 畸形，用于形容教育中重视一方面忽视另一方面
27 Lapse 小错失足 a lapse from grace 失宠 lapse into 陷入 lapse back into bad habits lapse into a coma 时间流逝 after a lapse of several decades
28 Peccadillo 小过失 guilty of some mild peccadillo
29 Falsity 谬误错误
30 Menace 威胁，危害 nuclear weapons are a menace to world peace
31 Jeopardize 破坏危害 jeopardous
32 Imperil 危害 the security of the country had been imperiled
33 Transient 转瞬即失的 transient success transience transient years is not enough to make the conclusion
34 Ephemeral 短暂的 ephemeral pleasure
35 Permanent permanence permanency
36 Angle 角度 try looking at the affair from a different angle
37 Facet 方面角度 there are many facets to this question
38 Dissimilitude 不同不同之处
39 表示实用的功利的 utilitarian-功利的 function pragmatic-实用的 utilitarianism pragmatism
40 神话（用于艺术类的issue 中） mythology 神化 apotheosis apotheosize 寓言 allegory fable 圣歌 psalm anthem hymn 亵渎的 profane 圣乐和俗乐 scared and profane music 神灵saint
41 Didactic 教诲的，说教的 教诲 edification inculcate
42 Elicit 诱出
43 表示竞争极其后果的词 良性竞争 good-natures rivalry ；恶性竞争、循环 vicious circle ； 憎恨 antipathy
44 Salvation 拯救（描写精神，崇高事业时）redemption
45 Mundane 世俗的
46 Ethnocentrism 民主优越感 racialism racism 种族主义 nationalism 民族主义 chauvinism 沙文主义 patriotism patriotic 爱国主义
47 Ingrained 根深蒂固的
48 注定 predestine destine foreordain
49 Populace 平民
50 描写文化差异/ 相同的词语 cultural shock 设身处地的vicarious vicariously vicarious pleasure, satisfaction be acclimatized to assimilation cultural homogenization 文化适应 acculturation
51 Emblem 象征 the dove is an emblem of peace
52 修辞手法 metaphor-隐喻 onomatopoeia rhetoric
53 Crusade （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动 a crusade against corruption
54 Transatlantic 大西洋彼岸的，横越大西洋的 transatlantic flight, voyage, telephone call a transatlantic trade agreement