大学英语四级试卷和答案-专四阅读.doc

What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry her blood. Any chemical change in the mother’s blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.

In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.

As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.

1. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy.

B. It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything about prenatal development.

C. he blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly.

D. There are no connection between mother’s nervous systems and her unborn child’s.

2. A mother will affect her unborn baby on the condition that ____.

A. she is emotionally shocked

B. she has a good knowledge of inheritance

C. she takes part in all kind of activities

D. she sticks to studying

3. According to the passage, a child may inherit____.

A. everything from his mother

B. a knowledge of mathematics

C. a rather general ability that we call intelligence

D. her mother’s musical ability

4. If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs, he will ____.

A. surely become musician

B. mostly become a poet

C. possibly become a teacher

D. become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music

5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Role of Inheritance. B. An Unborn Child.

C. Function of instincts. D. Inherited Talents.

答案：BACDA
This year, like lots of other people, I'm going to try to make my own Christmas presents. It's not the first time that I've promised myself this. Being a milliner, and an all-round crafty type, I've often thought I should put my money where my mouth is. But this year I'm really going to stick to it. It's partly that I'm short of cash, but also that I've recently returned from an inspiring trip around Britain, looking into "make do and mend" for BBC2's Newsnight.
I dreamed up the trip a few months ago. The thought of traveling the country--making things as I went, meeting artists and craftspeople--sounded like the perfect way to spend the summer. I'd pack a tent and a sewing machine and off I'd go. But by the time I finalized my plans and hit the road, leaves were already crunching under foot. It seemed crazy to camp with winter on the way; instead, Newsnight viewers offered me board and lodging in return for help with a craft task. There was an overwhelming response.
My tasks ranged from darning (缝补) a moth-eaten monk's jumper to making trousers for a stilt walker. Textile students in Harpenden offered to pay for my petrol in return for a talk about hats. In Derby, Amy needed help to transform an old pair of curtains.
I was really struck by people's growing enthusiasm for making things. I asked a WI group in Sheffield how many could sew, and only a few put up their hands. But when I asked who wanted to learn, nearly everyone responded positively. At the Textile Workshop in Nottingham, the number of classes on offer has doubled in a year, and a knitting club in Leeds is growing by the week.
Craft is definitely fashionable at the moment. But over and above fashion, we're learning to appreciate effort and quality again. Perhaps once people rediscover the pleasure to be gained from making something unique, it may stick.
Sue Pilchard is curator (管理者) of quilts at the V&A, where next spring she'll be putting on the museum's first major quilting exhibition. Sue believes the return to crafting is wrapped up in how we are redefining ourselves. "There's certainly a movement.., towards a new domesticity. People, especially women, are starting to think about the way they live their lives. It's 40 years since the first women's liberation conference was held in Oxford. Since that time we've been in the workplace, and we've had the opportunity of choice. Now we're deliberately choosing to go back into the home."
Whether you agree with that or not, there's something about Christmas that brings out the artistic streak in everyone. Whether it's baking mince pies or decking the halls, we're all prepared to have a go. So if you fancy pushing the boat out and making a few presents, try these really simple ideas, each inspired by my recent journey. They make ideal stocking fillers or small gifts, and take no longer than 30 minutes each. Play some carols, settle down with a steaming cup of cocoa, and forget the cold. You'll save yourself a bit of money and spread a little bit of love too!
1. The author promised to make herself a Christmas present this year mainly because
　　A. she wanted to save money. 
　　B. she couldn't afford to buy one.
　　C. she was inspired by her trip for a BBC2 program. D. A lot of people make presents themselves.
2. Which of the following is CORRECT about the author's trip to Britain?
　　A. She met many artists and craftsmen on her way to Britain.
　　B. She spent a whole summer in Britain making crafts.
　　C. She was asked to sew clothes, pants and curtains and made a fortune.
　　D. Many people were found to be interested in making things themselves.
3. When was the author probably on her trip to Britain?
　　A. Spring. 
　　B. Late Summer. 
　　C. Late Autumn. 
　　D. Winter.
4. According to the passage, through crafting people learn to
　　A. appreciate the efforts in manual things. 
　　B. keep up with fashion.
　　C. stick to something interesting. 
　　D. understand craft better.
5. What is the author's view on homemade Christmas presents?
　　A. Making Christmas presents can just convey a bit of your love.
　　B. It would take long time to prepare a Christmas present.
　　C. You can drink a cup of hot cocoa when you make preparations.
　　D. People can find their artistic talent in making Christmas presents.
本文描述了作者自制圣诞礼物及感想。首段介绍作者为何下定决心给自己制作圣诞礼物；第2段描绘她的旅程；第3-4段描述旅途中所发生的事情：她帮别人做手工艺品，同时也碰到了很多想学的人；第5-6段阐述作者及Sue Prichard对手工制品的观点；最后一段表明作者对于自制圣诞礼物的看法：即能省钱又能表达爱意。
【答案解析】
1．[C]因果细节题。考查作者决定自制圣诞礼物的原因，定位到第1段。根据第1段最后两句可知，作者之所以坚持今年自制圣诞礼物的真正原因是她的英国之旅(受BBC2一档节目之邀，到英国做某项调查)激励了她。故C是答案。
2．[D]细节判断题。第2段简述她的英国之旅远非所想象的一样浪漫，在旅途中她靠给别人做手工活而解决了食宿。并且了解到很多人都想学做手工艺品。因此选项D符合题意。A、B是未启程之前作者自己的想象；她此行的目的不是赚钱，C错。
3．[C]细节判断题。第2段提到，作者最终定下旅行计划(finalized the plan)，开始上路时，已是深秋(落叶已在脚下作响)。C为正确答案。
4．[A]细节判断题。定位到第5段，根据第5段的第2句可知，手工艺品之所以受欢迎除了流行外，我们学会了珍惜劳动、领略手工艺品的价值。因此A符合题意。
5．[p]观点态度题。考查作者对自制圣诞礼物的看法，定位到最后一段。根据最后一段首句可知，作者认为自制圣诞礼物能激发个人艺术潜能，D正确。 A错在just；该段提到，有些小礼物在30分钟内便可制作完成，B与原文表述不符。C不是作者对制作圣诞礼物的看法。