导游词-石家大院.docx

石家大院
石家大院
1. 简介
石家大院又叫杨柳青民俗博物馆，是中国清代汉族民居建筑的代表，位于天津市西面的杨柳青古镇、京杭大运河的河畔，曾是清末天津八大家之一——石元士的住宅。
石家祖籍山东，祖辈在清朝经漕运发家后定居天津杨柳青。石家分为4家后，第四家的尊美堂是保存最好的，成为今天的石家大院。它有140多年的历史，占地10000㎡，含有18个院落278间房。其中的砖雕、木雕、石雕是独一无二的、令人印象深刻的。戏楼是中国民宅中最大的。因此，它有“华北第一宅”之称。
Shi family’s mansion is also called Yangliuqing folk museum. It is the representative of the Han nationality residence in Qing Dynasty of China. It is located in Yangliuqing ancient town which is in the riverside of The Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou. The mansion used to be the residence of Shi Yuanshi who is one of Tianjin eight grand families in the end of Qing dynasty.
The ancestor of Shi family came from Shandong province. He made his fortune through water transportation of grain to the capital and then settled down in Yangliuqing in Qing dynasty. It is about more than 200 years ago. Shi family divided into four parts, and the fourth part, Zunmeitang, is the best preserved and becomes today’s Shi family mansion. It has a history of more than 140 years, covers 10000 square meters and contains 18 yards, 278 rooms. The carving of bricks, wood and stones are unique and impressive. The family theater is the biggest in the folk in china. Therefore, it is believed to be the first mansion in north China.

2. 大院模型
石家大院由一条长长的甬道分为东西两部分建筑。甬道由南至北逐渐升高，寓意为“步步高升”。门前台阶为三级，又暗喻“连升三级”。东面建筑主要用于饮食起居，西面的建筑主要用于接待宾客和娱乐休闲。
The mansion is divided into two parts by a long corridor. The corridor increases gradually from south to north, meaning to be promoted step by step. The three steps means to be promoted three levels continuously. The eastern buildings are mainly used for daily life, and the western buildings for the reception of guests and entertainment.

3. 书房
石家崇尚学而优则仕，石元士就曾官拜工部郎中。（相当于现在的厅级干部，借口父老弟幼而未到任）
Shi family advocates learning and governance. Shi Yuanshi had served as the Ministry of Works in feudal China.

4. 花厅
花厅相当于会客厅，用于商讨家族大事和接待宾客。石家分家时分为四家，第四家是石元士的尊美堂。现在所见的匾额“尊美堂”是光绪皇帝的老师所题。请看这八扇窗，四季花鸟都是精心制作（窗的两面是互相独立的，实际上是16扇窗）。大白菜和狗的雕塑寓意“人财两旺”。室内还有民间罕见的地暖系统，而仅见于皇宫紫禁城。煤在室外烧但热量通过烟道传导进来。
Reception room was used to discuss family events and receive guests. Shi family was divided into four parts and the fourth part was Zunmeitang, which belonged to Shi Yuanshi. The stele you see now was written by the emperor's teacher. Look at this eight-leaf screen. The birds and flowers of the four seasons are carved with great elaboration. (The designs on two sides of the screen are identical, which actually form sixteen leaves). The sculpture of cabbage and dogs mean "booming wealth". The heating system in this room is rarely been found in civilian houses, and the only place having the same system is the Forbidden City, the imperial palace. The coal is burnt outside the room and heat is channeled in through underground pipeline.

5. 虎坐门楼（第三垂花门） Tiger gate
这是这座大院保存最好中式门楼。它像一个立坐的老虎但我没看出来。门墩石雕图案为“鹤环仙阁”“狮子滚绣球”，门楼上上砖雕“宝相花”“事事如意”“五福捧寿”。两边石窗寓意“万福连登”。
This is the best keeping Chinese gate tower in this mansion. It likes a tiger but I didn’t see the tiger. Stone carving: the patterns are “cranes around fairy pavilion” “lions play with embroider ball”. Bricks carving: patterns are “the treasure flower” “everything is satisfied” “five bats hold a longevity”. The “卍” means ten thousands and the stone lantern means ten thousand of happiness.
这是第三座垂花门，花开结籽。门柱两侧有葫芦万代，寓意子孙万代繁衍不断。石鼓上是九狮图，抱柱上为八仙宝物，两侧为龙。
Here is the third lotus gate and the lotus bloom and produce seeds. There are lots of calabashes around the pillars. It means many descendants. Stone carving: nine lions on the drums. Both sides have the treasures of the Eight Immortals in ancient China and dragons.

6. 戏楼 Family theater
石家戏楼是中国北方民宅中最大的戏楼，有120个座位。中间的座位是给达官贵人们坐的，后面的才是为家里的女人们做的。独特的设计使得戏楼冬暖夏凉。它还能有效降噪，这么大的房子也不需要扩音设备。铁皮楼顶也很独特。楼顶的“寿”字形态细长，寓意长寿。
This family theater is the biggest one in the folk residences in Northern China. The theater has all together 120 seats. The seats in the middle are for the officials and distinguished guests, and those on the stairs at the back are for female family members. The ingenious design of the theater ensures a cool summer and a warm winter. It can also effectively resist noise. Although the hall is big, sound amplifying equipments are not needed. The roof made of iron sheet is also unique, with a Chinese character nailed on it meaning long life.

7. 花园 family garden
花园模仿苏州园林。枣树已有200多年。墙上贴满了传统手工艺剪纸，用于节日的装饰。
The garden was built in imitation of Suzhou gardens. Jujube has more than 200 years. The wall is covered with traditional handicraft paper cutting, used for the decoration of the festival.

8. 水局Water bureau
水局是一种民间消防组织。有一次皇帝出行时遇到了火灾，因此组建的水局就叫“天安水局”，意思是皇帝能安全通过。
Water bureau was a kind of fire fighting organization in folk. Once the emperor encountered fire when traveling，and then a water bureau was organized and named “TianAn Water Bureau”. It means the emperor passed through in safety.

9. 家堂、地契
这里展示了家堂和地契，来自当地地主的后代。家堂是一张画有祖先牌位的图。格子上写了历代祖先的名字。地契是一张土地契约，写了面积、位置和价格。
Here exhibits Jia Tang and Di Qi. They were collected from a descendant of a local landlord. Jia Tang usually refers to a picture with the ancestral tablets on it. In the grids of the picture are the passing ancestor’s names from generation to generation. Di Qi is a title deed for a piece of land with the area, location and price of the land on it.

10. 佛堂 Buddhism Hall
佛堂实际上就是家庭寺庙。观音菩萨的雕塑和祖先的牌位被放在中间。关羽，一个中国古代的历史人物，被挂在那里。这三个雕塑是福、禄、寿三位神仙。这个房间由四梁八柱搭建而成，这被认为是“墙倒而房不塌”的坚固结构。
Buddhism hall is a family temple in fact. The sculpture of Guanyin Bodhisattva and the tablets of ancestors are placed in the middle. The picture of Guan Yu, a historical figure in ancient China, is hanging there. These sculptures are immortals of happiness, wealth, longevity. The room is framed with four beams and eight pillars. It is believed that the building won’t fall even the wall is destroyed.

11. 垂花门 Lotus gate
垂花门是宫廷建筑的典型结构，形为莲花倒垂所以称为垂花门。石家大院共有3座垂花门，分别代表开花的不同时期。这是第一个莲花门，花形“含苞待放”。此门只有在贵宾到来时才会开。上面三扇窗雕刻着四季花卉。门柱内侧为木雕九狮图，外侧为凤戏牡丹。石鼓上有九狮，外侧为象首，内侧为鹤鹿同春。这些都是富贵的象征。
Lotus gate is a typical structure in palaces. It looks like a up-side-down lotus. There are three such gates in the residence, each representing a different phase of the blossom. This is the first lotus gate, in the shape of a bud ready to burst. This gate was opened only when VIP came. The content of the three windows are flowers in four seasons. Wood carving: nine lions inside, peony and phoenix outside. Stone caving: nine lions on the drums, crane and deer inside, elephant outside. These are the symbol of wealth and status.

12. 第二座垂花门（西式门楼）
第二座垂花门的形态是花蕊吐絮”。上面三扇窗雕图案为九只仙鹤，仙鹤寓意长寿，而九是最大的数字。仙鹤的背上有铜钱，寓意长寿和财富。门柱木雕：太平（瓶）有祥（象），背面是春兰秋菊图。中西合璧式建筑。链锁如意。
Here is the second lotus gate. These lotuses are in full blossom. There are nine cranes in the three windows. Crane means longevity and nine is the biggest number. On the back of the cranes, there are coins It means that not only longevity but also wealth were prayed for. Wood carving: bottle on elephant’s back, orchid and chrysanthemum outside.

13. 内账房Accounting room
管家处理石家日常开销的办公场所。
The butlers dealt with all financial affairs of Shi family here.

14. 石挥展厅
石家后人石挥是中国近代著名导演、演员。
Shi Hui is a descendant of Shi family, and is a famous director, actor. This exhibition showed his life.

15. 商俗展厅
这个展厅叫做“清末民初一条街”，它展示了当年杨柳青镇的繁华景象。200年前杨柳青镇是天津的缩影。这里每个事物和人物都精致而生动。
This exhibition hall called “A street at the end of Qing Dynasty”. It shows the prosperous scene of Yangliuqing town 200 years ago. And the town was a miniature of Tianjin city. Everything and people here are exquisite and vivid.

16. 灯箱画展厅
这个展厅用于展览灯箱画。清朝杨柳青镇文艺兴盛，当地乡绅为崇文书院制作了一套壁灯24盏，内容为《文昌帝君阴骘文》的格言警句配以图画。
This room is used for exhibiting pictures on lanterns. The literature and art in Yangliuqing town were prosperous in Qing Dynasty. The local gentlemen produced a set of 24 wall lamps for the local academy, the content of which are the aphorisms with pictures from classic book.

17. 拓片展厅
这里展示了西青地区的碑铭拓片。
Here shows the local inscriptions and rubbings

18. 砖雕展厅
砖雕是中国古代建筑的重要装饰形式，是以青砖为材料的雕刻艺术。这里的砖雕都来自当地民居。最经典的当属百鸟朝凤。
Brick carving is an important form of decoration in ancient China. It is a carving art based on black bricks. Brick carvings here all came from the local civil residences. The most classical one is that: Birds paying homage to the Phoenix.

19. 主卧展厅
主人居住的房间。
Here are the rooms of the owner.

20. 船、轿展厅Ship and Carriage
石家以漕运发家。这只船专门用于运输官粮，又叫粮船或者漕船。也运输政府部门需要的砖、陶瓷、布匹、棉花等物资。轿车用于陆路运输，通常需要一匹或者几匹马去拉。
The ancestor of Shi family made his fortune through water transportation of grain to the capital. This ship is special in charge of transporting official grain, also called grain ship or transporting ship. It transported bricks, china, cloth, cotton what the government ordered to transport as well. Carriage was one of conveyances on land. Normally, it needs one or several horses to pull.

21. 闺房
闺房是大户人家女儿的房间。
Boudoir is the daughter's room.

22. 婚俗展厅
这部分展示了传统的中式婚礼。这是花轿。圆形剪纸寓意团结、和谐。枣、栗子、花生、核桃寓意早生贵子。凤冠霞帔是新娘穿的结婚礼服。
This part of the exhibition is about the traditional Chinese wedding. This is the bridal sedan chair. The round paper cuttings mean the unity and harmony of family. Dates, chestnuts, peanuts, walnuts mean having lovely babies early. Here are the Phoenix coronet and robes of rank, which were the wedding dress for bride.

23. 灯会展厅
这里陈列了清朝时期民间庙会表演用的物品。
Here shows the goods of folk temple fair in Qing Dynasty.

24. 民宅展厅
这里展示了当时中等水平家庭的民宅，其中的装饰运用了很多杨柳青年画。
Here shows a small house of moderate level family. New Year paintings of Yangliuqing were applied in the decoration of rooms.

25. 第一大案展厅
新中国成立后第一贪腐大案的当事人刘青山、张子善曾在石家大院办公，所以这个四合院被改建成反腐展厅。
Shi family’s mansion used to be the government offices of Liu Qingshan and Zhang Zishan. And they are the litigants of the first major corruption of the new China. So this courtyard was converted into anti-corruption exhibition hall

Introduction
Yangliuqing museum is one of Tianjin eight grand families （天津八大家之一） in the end of Qing dynasty——Shi family’s mansion. The ancestral home of Shi family is Shandong province. He was rich and depended on shipping. He settled down in Yangliuqing in emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty. Then he bought lots of fields and became a big landlord. In 1823, Shi family divided into four parts, here is the fourth part. It was built in 1875. It covers 10000㎡ and contains 18 yards, 278 rooms. The quadrangles join together. It is imposing and magnificent. The carving of bricks, wood and stones are specially unique. The main building of Shi family——theater is the biggest in the folk in china. After new government was set up, Tianjin government worked here. In 1987, the mansion was repaired by Xiqing Culture Bureau and museum was set up. Yangliuqing museum opened in 1991, it was reviewed China Culture Heritage in 2006.

Tiger gate
This is the best keeping Chinese gate tower （gatehouse） in this mansion, the sign is like a fierce tiger. Stone carving : the patterns are “cranes around fairy pavilion”鹤环仙阁,“lions play with embroider ball”狮子滚绣球. Bricks carving: patterns are “the treasure flower宝相花, everything is satisfied事事如意, five blessings hold a longevity五福捧寿”. In two sides of the tiger gate tower still establish light boxes, there are bricks carving “卍” character list outside, putting light inside, taking the good luck homophonic of “ten thousand blessing connect to ascend”.

The first lotus gate
The lotus are in bud. There are three windows, the content is flowers in four seasons. That means be safety in four seasons. Normally they closed this gate, only VIP came, they played music in the two sides and opened this gate. Wood carving: nine lions inside, peony and phoenix outside. Stone caving: there are nine lions on the drums, crane and deer inside elephant outside.

The second lotus gate
The lotus bloom. There are nine cranes in the three windows. Crane means longevity, nine is the biggest number. On the back of the cranes, there are coins. That means not only have longevity but also have money. Wood carving: bottle on elephant’s back, orchid and chrysanthemum outside.

The third lotus莲花 gate
The lotus bloom and produce seeds. There are lots of calabash葫芦 around the pillars, it means have many children. Stone carving nine lions on the drums.

Water bureau
Water bureau was a kind of societal fight fire organization in folk. Yangliuqing Water Bureau in emperor Qianlong of Qing dynasty (1736-1795). In old days the emperor went on a tour of inspection, they built warehouses on the way to have a rest. One day the warehouses in Yangliuqing fired, the local officials were so scared, so they gathered some equipments to fight fire and built some houses around the warehouses. This was the first Water Bureau in Yangliuqing, named “TianAn Water Bureau” that means the emperor passed through in safety. Later, Water bureau was used in folk. Till the end of Qing Dynasty, there were 18 Water Bureaus in Yangliuqing.

Jia Tang and Di QI
Gao Jubao, an imperial College student of Yuan Dynasty, moved to Yangliuqing in 1354. The Gao family have grown steadily since then. Gao has become one of largest surnames of the town. Here exhibits Jia Tang and Di Qi, collections from Mr. Gao Changren, a descendant of the 20th generation of Gao Jubao.
Jia Tang usually refers to a picture of a courtyard with the ancestral tablets on it. In the grids of the picture are the passing ancestor’s names from generation to generation. On the new year’s eve, the family will hang up the picture due north of the sitting room to pay tribute after the grave-sweeping ceremony.
Di Qi is a title deed for a piece of land with the area, location and price of the land on it.

Buddhism Hall
Here is the family temple. They prey the Buddha——Guanyin in the middle. The also prayed the ancestors’ tablets of Shi family. The construction is four beams and eight pillars, people usually said even the wall was destroyed, the building didn’t fall.

Accounting room
The butlers dealed with all financial affairs of Shi family. The wing-rooms were butler bedrooms.

Trading custom
The transportation of Yangliuqing is very well. So the commerce was developing. In Qing Dynasty, Yangliuqing became a very famous town in the north of China. Here show us a commercial street in the end of Qing Dynasty. Here we can see the prosperous scene at that time.

Ship
This ship is special in charge of transporting official grain, also called grain ship or transporting ship. There are rules on ship’s materials and size. The load is 30 ton. Except grain, they transported bricks, china, cloth, cotton and materials for building river what the government order to transport. There are single ship, ship and double ship. The double ship combines from two single ships by rope or chain. Most of ships in the south canal are double ships. The proportion is 1:15.
Carriage
Carriage was one of conve