首字母填空做题技巧讲解.doc

首字母填空讲解
如何做好首字母填空题
考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。

² 首字母填空的解题方法和技巧：
u 通读全文，了解大意
短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。
u 再读全文，理清脉络
    通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。
u 仔细推敲，确保准确
    词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。
u 注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确
u 复读全文，全面检查
答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。

专项题型解析：
例题解析：
Dogs are good pets. They are very f  1   to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on very well with c  2   and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when a s  3   arrives.
    When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about is its  s  4  ——buy a small dog if your home is small and a bigger one if y  5   is larger. Many people don’t know how much to feed their dogs. Dogs eat a  6   anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can buy lots of food  m  7   for dogs in shops. Don’t let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a day. Always l  8   water for your dog. It can get thirsty very quickly, especially in s  9  .
    Remember that dogs need e  10  . You should take it for a walk every day. Don’t keep your dog inside all day.
答案及简析
    1. friendly. 人们之所以把狗作为宠物来养，主要是因为它们比较通人性，且对人很友好，能给人们带来欢乐。根据“be very f  1   to people”来分析，此空应填一个形容词，表明狗对人的态度。friend是名词，friendly是形容词，故friendly是正确答案。
    2. children. 宠物狗自然是在家中养， 它们除了听主人的话以外，与家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多数家庭的情况，并受their一词的提示，此处应填“孩子”的复数形式，即children。
    3. stranger. 狗的天性是护家。文中的watch-dogs意为“看家狗”，专门指有生人来时发出叫喊的狗。“生人”在英文中即为stranger。
    4. size 这个空略微有点难。一是size一词平时用得较少，二是一般家庭都养小型犬，供狗活动的空间一般不成问题，因此，对狗的体积问题考虑的较少。从后面的句子来看，此处是在谈狗的体积的问题——“如果你的家小，就买一只小狗；如果你的家大，就买一只大狗。”
    5. yours. 这是一个名词性物主代词，代替上半句的your home。此句完整的说法应是buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your home is larger. 为避免词的重复使用，在英文句子中常用名词性物主代词代替前面的那个名词。
本文最突出的一个特点就是决大多数需填词的后面都有一句或两句话的内容是对所填词的内容进行补充说明的。因此，在做这种类型的题时，一定要注意分析上下文的内容，进行推理和归纳，正确的理解句意，最后决定出最佳的词及其正确形式。

巩固练习：
There was an old man who loved money very much. He n  1   gave anything to anybody. After some years he became r  2  .
    One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and I’ll p  3   you out！”The rich m  4   head went down the water a  5   then came up again, but he did not g  6   his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s  7   thing happened.
    Then a  8   friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and I’ll pull you out!” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water.
    “You don’t know your friend very w 9  .” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say ‘Give！’ to him, he d  10   nothing, but when you say ‘Take！’ he always takes.”
Ø 答案与简析：
    守财奴闹出了笑话。文中谈了一次救人的过程，解题时要根据当时的情况特别注意“give”和“take”的妙用。
    1. never. 因为love money,所以他决不会“给予”。never意为“从不”。
    2. rich. rich是形容词，作表语。由于从不施舍，几年后他就富有了。
    3. pull. pull...out意为“把……拉出来”。
    4. man’s. head 为名词，要选用man的所有格形式。
    5. and. and then...意为“后来又……”。and起并列作用。
    6. give. give...to...意为“把……给……”。
    7. same. 句意为：又发生了同样的情况。
    8. another. another表示不定指的“又一个，另一个”。
    9. well. well为副词，know well意思是“很了解”。
    10. does. 这句话是引述原话，故用一般现在时。do nothing表示“什么事都不干”。

例题解析
A
Do you know the word “brunch”? In the West, many people like to have brunch—late (1)b________ or early lunch. People often have brunch (2) b_____ 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up (3) l_____ after a week's hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or friends. That is a relaxing and interesting (4)w______ of eating for most families.
　　Today, brunch has become (5) p______ in big hotels. One can (6) e_____ ask for or cook it himself. To make it (7) l______ like both breakfast and lunch, people choose to have lots of dishes. You may often see the following (8) f______ on the table, meat, eggs, fruit, (9) v_ orange juice, tea and bacon. Do you have brunch at (10) w_______? If not, why not try?
Ø 答案与解析3：
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了近年来在西方流行的brunch(早午餐)。brunch 一词是由breakfast 与lunch 中的字母br和unch 合在一起构成的。
    1. breakfast, 由下句“early lunch” 和前面的对应词late 可知 brunch 是比breakfast 要晚，而比lunch 要早。
　　2. between, 这里的between…and… 是固定搭配。
　　3. late, 根据句中的状语“on Sunday” 和“after a week's hard work”可知在周末由于人们都在家休息，所以起床会较完。
　　4. way, 对大部分家庭来说，这种brunch只是一种新的放松有趣的进餐方式。
　　5. popular, 目前在西方，brunch 已经成为一种时尚，越来越受到人们的欢迎。
　　6. either, 这是一个等立连词，either…or…，意思是”或者……或者……”。
　　7. look, 由于brunch介于breakfast 和lunch 之间，所以人们在做起brunch 来，既要像breakfast，又要像lunch。look like 的意思就是”看起来好像”。
　　8. food, 根据下面所列举的内容可知答案。
　　9. vegetables, 英语中，以字母v 开头的food 就是vegetables 了。
　　10.weekend, 根据文章的介绍，brunch 是在周末人们所享用的进餐方式。

巩固练习
Most people have f____ a kite or have seen one rise and dip in the strong spring wind. Not so many people know that kites were first made in China t______ of years ago. The a____ Chinese were making flying kites even before they were writing.
A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in the wars. They would fly these war kites in the d____. The kites were fixed so that they made strong sounds. Men who were at war with them would hear these sounds and run away. They thought those strong sounds were m_____ by god in the sky. The ancient Chinese also flew kites to b____ good luck and to make their crops grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings and hooks to the kites. Then they fly the kites o_____ water letting the hooks hang down to catch fish.
The Chinese use sticks, strings and paper for their kites. Some of the kites look like animals or trees. O___ look like birds or houses.

首字母填空训练：
(1)
At different times in a man's life his food has different effects (影响) on his body Among children f 1 is quickly changed to the power(力量) to run and play games. Most of a young man's food is spent on growing t 2 ; We grow upwards only d 3 the first twenty years of our l 4 , not later. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work h 5 , they do not get fat. Office workers eat well and s 6 down a lot, and may begin to grow fat when s 7 quite young. Many older people t 8 to work much and walk often. P 9 the most difficult time is when a man r 10 sixty years of age. His body and mind b 11 restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f 12 .
（1）1.food 2. tall 3. during 4. lives 5. hard 6. sit 7. still 8. try 9. Perhaps 10. reaches
11. become 12. fat

(2)
Bats(蝙蝠) are the only flying "animals" in the world. It is k 1 to all that they cannot see very well. "As b 2 as a bat" is often heard. Yet, they have no t 3 flying on the darkest nights and f 4 their way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They fly b 5 "radar(雷达)". The bat's radar w 6 the same way as the radar on ships and planes. As a bat flies t 7 the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t 8 , they will come back and the bat's ears will r 9 the message. In this way, the bat is a 10 to know where the things are. Bats go out for f 11 at night. In the daytime, they hang in some d 12 places.
1.known 2. blind 3.trouble 4. finding 5.by 6.works
7. through 8.things 9. reaches 10. able 11. food 12. dark
（3）
Tennis is in its second life. Its first game b 1 in France. The name of the game comes from the French word "tennez". The English men c 2 the game "tennis" when they watched the Frenchmen play 800 years ago.
The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city,
just l 3 today. The two countries played a 4 each other. At first they played for honor. Then they w 5 money. Later people began cheating（欺骗）to get money. Three
hundred years ago the game was forbidden（禁止）to stop the cheating. The game a 6 disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years ago. They learned w 7 they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had
b 8 . After returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tennis began to become
p 9 in all the United States. Now it is one of the most e 10 games in the world again.
1. began 2. called 3. like 4. against 5. won
6. almost 7. what 8. before 9. popular 10. exciting

(4)
There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t 1 to make money in order to pay the high tuition(学费）for my brother and me. They h 2 say "I love you" or send f 3 to each other. Besides，my father has a bad temper(脾气). It is easy for him to lose his temper w 4 he's very tired from the hard work. I didn't know whether there was love between them u 5 one spring. At that time，my father suddenly got badly sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked very w 6 as if both of them had a serious illness.
After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk. H 7 after two months my father still couldn't walk by h 8 . All of us were worried about him.
"Dad，how are you f 9 now?" I asked him one day.
"Susan, don't worry about me." he said I 10 a low voice. "I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life." Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother very much.
Once I thought love m 11 flowers, presents and sweet kisses. But from this e 12 , I understand that love is inside, making life strong and warm.
1. trying 2. hardly 3. flowers 4. when 5. until 6. weak
7. However 8. himself 9. feeling 10. in 11. meant 12. experience

(5)
A woman was eating in a restaurant. She asked the waiter to do many t 1 for her. Now she was g 2 the waiter a lot of trouble. F 3 , she asked the waiter to turn on the air conditioner because she f 4 too hot. Then she asked him to turn it o 5 because she was too cold. This went on and on for n 6 half an hour.
But the waiter was very kind and h 7 . He did everything the woman asked h 8 to do without getting angry. F 9 , someone else in the restaurant asked why the w 10 didn't just throw the woman out. "Oh, I don't care." The waiter said and smiling, "We don't even have an air conditioner."
1. things 2. giving 3. first 4. felt 5. off 6. nearly 7. helpful 8.him 9. finally 10. waiter