杨澜TED演讲(个人注释)：重塑中国的年轻一代.doc

杨澜TED演讲：重塑中国的年轻一代（中英文对照）
The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the final of “China’s Got Talent” show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience['ɔdɪəns] in the stadium ['stedɪəm]（体育馆）. Guess who was the performing（表演） guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, “I’m going to Scotland the next day.” She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese. [Chinese] So it’s not like “hello” or “thank you,” that ordinary（普通的）stuff. It means “green onion for free.” Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel['pærəlɛl] Susan Boyle — a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor （卖主） in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera['ɑprə], but she didn’t understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics['lɪrɪk]（歌词）with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium['stedɪəm] was “green onion['ʌnjən] for free.” So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious[hɪ'lɛrɪəs].
来苏格兰（做TED讲演）的前夜，我被邀请去上海做”中国达人秀“决赛的评委。在装有八万现场观众的演播厅里，在台上的表演嘉宾居然是（来自苏格兰的，因参加英国达人秀走红的）苏珊大妈（Susan Boyle)。我告诉她，“我明天就要启程去苏格兰。” 她唱得很动听，还对观众说了几句中文，她并没有说简单的”你好“或者”谢谢“，她说的是——“送你葱”（Song Ni Cong)。为什么？这句话其实来源于中国版的“苏珊大妈”——一位五十岁的以卖菜为生，却对西方歌剧有出奇爱好的上海中年妇女（蔡洪平）。这位中国的苏珊大妈并不懂英文，法语或意大利文，所以她将歌剧中的词汇都换做中文中的蔬菜名，并且演唱出来。在她口中，歌剧《图兰朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。当真正的英国苏珊大妈唱出这一句“中文的”《图兰朵》时，全场的八万观众也一起高声歌唱，场面的确有些滑稽（hilarious)。
So I guess both Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness['ʌðɚnəs]. They were the least[list] expected to be successful in the business called entertainment['ɛntɚ'tenmənt]演艺界, yet their courage[ 'kɝrɪdʒ] and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage[stedʒ] to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives [pɚ'spɛktɪv]. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view（观点）. You may have the chance to make a difference.
我想Susan Boyle和这位上海的买菜农妇的确属于人群中的少数。她们是最不可能在演艺界成功的，而她们的勇气和才华让她们成功了，这个节目和舞台给予了她们一个实现个人梦想的机会。这样看来，与众不同好像没有那么难。从不同的方面审视，我们每个人都是不同的。但是我想，与众不同是一件好事，因为你代表了不一样的观点，你拥有了做改变的机会。
My generation has been very fortunate['fɔrtʃənət] （幸运的）to witness（见证 ['wɪtnəs]（vt/n）and participate[pɑr'tɪsə'pet] in（参与） the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes [tʃendʒ] in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job求职 in the sales department（业务部） of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton（长城喜来登） — it’s still there. So after being interrogated（询问） [ɪn'tɛrəɡet] by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, “So, Miss Yang, do you have any questions to ask me?” I summoned['sʌmən]振作 my courage and poised[pɔɪz]（保持平衡） and said, “Yes, but could you let me know, what actually ['æktʃuəli]do you sell?” I didn’t have a clue[klʊ]线索（vt/n） what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.
我这一代中国人很幸运的目睹并且参与了中国在过去二三十年中经历的巨变。我记得1990年，当我刚大学毕业时，我申请了当时北京的第一家五星级酒店——长城喜来登酒店的销售部门的工作。这家酒店现在仍在北京。当我被一位日本籍经理面试了一个半小时之后，他问到，“杨小姐，你有什么想问我的吗？”，我屏住呼吸，问道“是的，你能告诉我，具体我需要销售些什么吗？” 当时的我，对五星级酒店的销售部门没有任何概念，事实上，那是我第一次进到一家五星级酒店。
Around the same time（当时）, I was going through an audition（试听、面试v/n） — the first ever open audition by national['næʃnəl]（国家的、民族的） television in China — with another thousand college girls. The producer[prə'dʊsɚ]（制作者、生产者） told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent ['ɪnəsnt] 无辜的、无罪的and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, “Why [do] women’s personalities[,pɝsn'æləti]个性、人格、 on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive[sə'pɔrtɪv]支持的、支援的? Why can’t they have their own ideas and their own voice?” I thought I kind of offended[ə'fɛnd]冒犯 them. But actually, they were impressed by（深受感动） my words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive[sɚ'vaɪv] 幸存 it. So I was on a national television prime（极好的adj/adv/n）-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved（被认可的、核实的）[ə'prʊvd] script[skrɪpt]手稿. (Applause) And my weekly（adj/adv/n周刊） audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million['mɪljən] people.
我当时也在参加另一场“面试”，中国国家电视台的首次公开试镜，与我一起参与选拔的还有另外1000名大学女毕业生。节目制作人说，他们希望找到一位甜美，无辜（LOL），漂亮的新鲜面孔。轮到我的时候，我问道“为什么在电视屏幕上，女性总应该表现出甜美漂亮，甚至是服从性的一面？为什么她们不能有她们自己的想法和声音？“我觉得我的问题甚至有点冒犯到了他。但实际上，他们对我的表现印象深刻。我进入了第二轮选拔，第三轮，第四轮，直至最后的第七场选拔，我是唯一一个走到最后的试镜者。我从此走上了国家电视台黄金时段的荧幕。你可能不相信，但在当时，我所主持的电视节目是中国第一个，不让主持人念已经审核过的稿件的节目（掌声）。我每周需要面对两亿到三亿左右的电视观众。
Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia[kə'lʌmbɪr] University to pursue[pə'sʊ]继续 my postgraduate研究生n/大学毕业的adj studies, and then started my own media ['miːdɪə] company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career[kə'rɪr]职业生涯. So we do a lot of things. I’ve interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me [ə'protʃ]（靠近我） say, “Lan, you changed my life,” and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate['fɔrtʃənət]幸运的 to witness['wɪtnəs]见证 the transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijing’s bidding for （投标、主持）the Olympic Games. I was representing [,rɛprɪ'zɛnt]代表 the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing[ɪm'bres]拥抱the world and vice versa [vaɪs]代替、副的/['vɝsə]反之亦然. But then sometimes I’m thinking, what are today’s young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape [ʃep]使成型、塑造、形状、成长n/vi/vt the future of China, or at large, the world?
几年以后，我决定来美国哥伦比亚大学继续深造，之后也开始运营自己的媒体公司，这也是我在职业生涯初始时所没有预料到的。我的公司做很多不同的业务，在过去这些年里，我访谈过一千多人。经常有年轻人对我说，“杨澜，你改变了我的人生”，我对此感到非常自豪。我也幸运的目睹了整个国家的转变：我参与了北京申奥和上海世博会。我看到中国在拥抱这个世界，而世界也进一步的接受中国。但有时我也在想，今天的年轻人的生活是什么样的？他们（与我们相比）有什么不同？他们将带给中国，甚至整个世界的未来一些怎样的变化？
So today I want to talk about young people through the platform['plæt'fɔrm] of social media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei — 20 years old, beautiful. She showed off卖弄 her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog[blɑg], which is the Chinese version['vɝʒn] of Twitter['twɪtɚ]微博. And she claimed to be（[klem]声称、要求vt/vi/n） the general一般的、普通的n/adj manager of Red Cross at the chamber of commence商会 （Chamber[ˈtʃeɪmbər]房间、会所，室内的把….装进室内n/adj/vt of Commerce['kɑmɝs]贸易）. She didn’t realize that she stepped on a sensitive['sɛnsətɪv]敏感的 nerve[nɝv]勇气、神经 and aroused[ə'raʊz]引起、唤醒 national questioning质问, almost a turmoil['tɝmɔɪl]混乱, against the credibility[,krɛdə'bɪləti]可信任、确切性 of Red Cross. The controversy['kɑntrə'vɝsi]争论 was so heated['hitɪd]热烈的、激动的 that the Red Cross had to open a press conference新闻发布会['kɑnfərəns]会议，举行会议n/vt to clarify['klærəfaɪ]澄清 it, and the investigation[ɪn,vɛstɪ'ɡeʃən]调查研究 is going on.
So far, as of today截至今日, we know that she herself made up编造 that title — probably because she feels proud to be associated[ə'soʃɪet]交往、联系 with charity['tʃærəti]慈善、慈善团体. All those expensive items['aɪtəm]项目、商品 were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board董事会 member['mɛmbɚ]成员 in a subdivision[,sʌbdɪ'vɪʒn]分部、部门 of Red Cross at Chamber of Commerce. It’s very complicated['kɑmplɪketɪd]复杂的 to explain But anyway不管怎样, the public still doesn’t buy it认输、放弃. It is still boiling[bɔɪl]沸腾、激动,n/v. It shows us a general mistrust[,mɪs'trʌst]不信任v/n of government or government-backed支持的 institutions[,ɪnstɪ'tuʃən]制度、体系, which lacked[læk]缺乏n/v transparency[træns'pærənsi]透明、透明度 in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impact[ɪm'pækt]冲击、影响n/v of social media as microblog.
我想通过社交媒体来谈一谈中国的年轻人们。首先，他们是谁，他们是什么样子？这是一位叫郭美美的女孩儿，20岁，年轻漂亮。她在中国版的Twitter上——新浪微博上，炫耀她所拥有的奢侈品，衣服，包和车。她甚至宣称她是中国红十字会的工作人员。她没有意识到她的行为触及了中国民众极为敏感的神经，这引发了一场全民大讨论，民众开始质疑红十字会的公信力。中国红十字会为了平息这场争议甚至举办了一场记者会来澄清，直至今日，对于”郭美美事件“的调查仍在继续，但我们所知道的事实是，她谎报了她的头衔，可能是因为她的虚荣心，希望把自己和慈善机构联系起来。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友给她买的，而那位”男朋友“的确曾经是红十字会的工作人员。这解释起来很复杂，总之，公众对他们的解释仍然不满意，这仍然是在风口浪尖的一件事。这件事体现出（中国社会）对长期不透明的政府机关的不信任，同时也表现出社交媒体（微博）巨大的社会影响力。
Microblog boomed[bʊm]繁荣、兴旺n/v in the year of 2010, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled['trɪpl三倍、增至三倍n/v/adj. S, a major['medʒɚ]主要的、重要的 news portal['pɔrtl]大门, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger — it’s not me — it’s a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers['fɑloɚ]追随者, or fans. About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old. And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening机会、通道 to let the steam out a little bit一点点. But because you don’t have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active积极的、活跃的 and even violent ['vaɪələnt]猛烈的.
微博在2010年得到了爆炸性的增长，微博的访问用户增长了一倍，用户的访问时间是09年的三倍。新浪（S)，一个最主要的微博平台，拥有1.4亿的微博用户，而腾讯拥有两亿用户。（在中国）最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位电影明星，她拥有近九百五十万”粉丝“。接近80％的微博用户是年轻人，三十岁以下。因为传统媒体还在政府的强力控制之下，社交媒体提供了一个开放的平台进行了一些（民众观点的）分流。因为这样分流的渠道并不多，从这个平台上爆发出的能量往往非常强烈，有时候甚至过于强烈。
So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth[jʊθ]青年 even better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy['pɑləsi]方针、政策. And because of selected[sə'lɛkt]挑选 abortion[ə'bɔrʃən]流产 by families who favored['fevɚ]喜欢、赞成，n/vt boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. That could pose[poz]造成、引起、摆姿势/或姿势名词 a potential[pə'tɛnʃl]潜在的、潜能adj/n danger to the society[sə'saɪəti], but who knows; we’re in a globalized['ɡlobəlaɪz]使。。。全球化vt world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. Most of them have fairly['fɛrli]相当地 good education. The illiteracy rate[ɪ'lɪtərəsi]文盲率 in China among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college. But they are facing an aging China with a population[,pɑpju'leʃən] above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially[faɪ'nænʃəli]在财政上, and taking care of them when they’re sick[sɪk]生病的、不舒服的、病人adj/n. So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy[ɪk'spɛktənsi]期待 of 73 years old.
通过微博，我们可以更好的了解到中国的年轻一代。首先，他们中的大多数都出生在八零九零年代，在独生子女的生育政策的大背景下长大。因为偏好男孩的家庭会选择性的堕胎，现在（中国）的年轻男性的数量多过年轻女性三千万，这可能带来社会的不稳定（危险），但是我们知道，在这个全球化的社会中，他们可能可以去其他国家找女朋友。大多数人都拥有良好的教育。这一代中国人中的文盲率已经低于1％。在城市中，80％的孩子可以上大学，但他们将要面对的是一个，有接近7％的人口都是老年人的社会，这个数字会在2030年会增长到2030年。在这个国家，传统是让年轻人来从经济上和医疗上来支持老年人，这意味着，一对年轻的夫妻将需要支持四个平均年龄是73岁的老人。
So making a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban['ɝbən]城市的 areas, college graduates find the starting salary['sæləri]n/vt薪水、加薪水 is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent[rɛnt]租金、出租n/vt is above $500. So what do they do? They have to share space — squeezed[skwiz]挤、压榨 in very limited space to save money — and they call themselves “tribe[traɪb]部落、族群 of ants[ænt]蚂蚁.” And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment公寓, they figured['fɪɡjɚ] out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford提供、给以、买得起 their first apartment. That ratio['reʃɪo]比例 in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it’s 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing['skaɪ'rɑkɪt]飞涨n/vt/vi real estate price[ɪ'stet]不动产、房产.
所以对于年轻人而言，生活并不是容易。本科毕业生也不在是紧缺资源。在城市中，本科生的月起薪通常是400美元（2500人民币），而公寓的平均月租金却是500美元。所以他们的解决方式是合租——挤在有限的空间中以节省开支，他们叫自己”蚁族。“ 对于那些准备好结婚并希望购买一套公寓的中国年轻夫妇而言，他们发现他们必须要不间断的工作30到40年才可以负担得起一套公寓。对于同样的美国年轻夫妇而言，他们只需要五年时间。
Among the 200 million migrant workers['maɪɡrənt]流动的, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of某种程度 sandwiched['sænwɪtʃ]挤入、夹在、三明治vt/n between the urban areas and the rural areas['rʊrəl]乡村的. Most of them don’t want to go back to the countryside, but they don’t have the sense of belonging[sɛns]感觉n/vt. They work for longer hours with less income['ɪnkʌm]收入, less social welfare['wɛl'fɛr]福利. And they’re more vulnerable to['vʌlnərəbl]易受伤害 job losses['lɔsɪz], subject to主题、服从的、屈服于n/adj/vt inflation[ɪn'fleʃən]通货膨胀, tightening['taɪtn]使 变紧 loans[lon]贷款、借出 from banks, appreciation[ə,priʃɪ'eʃən]升值 of the renminbi, or decline[dɪ'klaɪn下降、谢绝n/v of demand[dɪ'mænd]需求、请求n/v from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling[ə'pɔl]使 恐怖 incident['ɪnsɪdənt事件 in a southern ['sʌðɚn] OEM manufacturing[,mænju'fæktʃərɪŋ]制造厂 compound['kɑmpaʊnd]合成、混合物v/n in China: 13 young workers in their late teens[tinz]青少年 and early 20s [kə'mɪtɪd]效忠的、坚定的committed suicide['suɪsaɪd]自杀n/v, just one by one like causing a [kən'tedʒəs]传染的contagious disease [dɪ'ziz]疾病. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry强烈抗议 from society about the isolation[,aɪsə'leʃən]孤立、隔绝, both physical and mental['mɛntl], of these migrant['maɪɡrənt]流动的 workers.
在近两亿的涌入城市的农民工中，他们中的60％都是年轻人。他们发现自己被夹在了城市和农村中，大多数人不愿意回到农村，但他们在城市也找不到归属感。他们工作更长的时间却获得更少的薪水和社会福利。他们也更容易面临失业，受到通货膨胀，银行利率，人民币升值的影响，甚至美国和欧盟对于中国制造产品的抵制也会影响到他们。去年，在中国南方的一个制造工厂里，有十三位年轻的工人选择了结束自己的生命，一个接一个，像一场传染病。他们轻生的原因各有不同，但整个事件提醒了中国社会和政府，需要更多的关注这些在精神上和生理上都与外界脱节的年轻农民工人。

For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome受欢迎的locally['lokəli]在本地, because with the knowledge['nɑlɪdʒ], skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance[ə'sɪstəns]帮助、援助n of the Internet, they’re able to create more jobs, upgrade[,ʌp'ɡred]提升 local agriculture['æɡrɪkʌltʃɚ]农业 and create new business in the less developed不发达的 market. So for the past few years, the ['kostl]沿海的coastal areas, they found themselves in a  ['ʃɔrtɪdʒ]shortage of labor['lebɚ]劳动、劳动力n/vt.
对于那些回到农村的年轻人，他们所经历的城市生活，所学到的知识，技巧和建立的社会网络，让他们通常更受欢迎。特别是在互联网的帮助下，他们更有可能获得工作，提升农村的农业水平和发展新的商业机会。在过去的一些年中，一些沿海的城镇甚至出现了劳动力短缺。
These diagrams['daɪəɡræm]图表、用图表解释n/vt show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient[,koɪ'fɪʃnt]系数, which explains that the cost of daily necessities[nə'sɛsəti] has dropped its percentage[pɚ'sɛntɪdʒ]比例 all through the past decade['dɛked]十年, in terms of依据 family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating['ɪndɪket]表明 a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it’s 0.5 — even worse than that in America — showing us the income inequality[,ɪnɪ'kwɑləti]收入不平衡. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated['frʌstretɪd]失败的、挫败的 about losing some of its mobility[mo'bɪləti移动性. And also, the bitterness['bɪtɚnɪs]怨恨 and even resentment[rɪ'zɛntmənt]愤恨 towards[tɔrdz] the rich and the powerful is quite wides