四级模拟试题一.doc

四级模拟试题一
Part 1. Writing
How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?
1. 心理健康问题往往是导致疾病产生的原因
2. 人们产生心理健康问题的原因（可从失业、压力过重、缺少支持、缺乏人际关系等方面加以说明）
3． 你认为人们应如何保持心理健康

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet I
For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO ) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed History
Tom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.
The author of A History of the World hi 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005 ), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day.
"The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today," said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist. "They are relics(纪念物) of different historical periods still found in our kitchens."
Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.
Beer
The ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day Iraq, began fermenting(发酵) beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.
"When people started agriculture the first crops they produced were barley or wheat. You consume those crops as bread and as beer," Standage noted. "It’s the drink associated with the dawn of civilization. It’s as simple as that."
Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning.
"Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted," said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis.
"The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread," Standage added. "It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Everybody drank it. Today it’s the drink of the working man, and it was then as well."
Wine
Wine may be as old or older than beer--though no one can be certain.
Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes. But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures.
"To make wine you have to have fresh grapes," said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist. "For beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time."
Making wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid.
"Wine may be easier to make [than beer], but it’s harder to store," Bisson added. "For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch [fermenting grape juice] as wine on its way to [becoming] vinegar."
Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet (威望) than beer. Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.
Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself. Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.
The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.
"Once you had regions [like Greece and Rome] that could distinguish themselves as making good stuff, it gave them an economic boost," Bisson said. "Beer just wasn’t as special."
Spirits
Hard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated (安抚) sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries.
Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.
Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britain’s American colonies.
"Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy," he explained. “When the British tried to tax molasses it struck at the heart of the economy. The idea of ‘no taxation without representation’ originated with molasses and sugar. Only at the end did it refer to tea."
Great Britain’s longtime superiority at sea may also owe a debt to its navy’s drink of rum-based choice, grog(掺水烈酒), which was made a compulsory beverage for sailors in the late 18th century.
"They would make grog with rum, water, and lemon or lime juice," Standage said. "This improved the taste but also reduced illness and scurvy. Fleet physicians thought that this had doubled the efficiency of the fleet."
Coffee
The story of modem coffee starts in the Arabian Peninsula, where roasted beans were first brewed around A.D. 1000. Sometime around the 15th century, coffee spread throughout the Arab world.
"In the Arab world, coffee rose as an alternative to alcohol, and coffeehouses as alternatives to taverns (酒馆)--both of which are banned by Islam," Standage said.
When coffee arrived in Europe it was similarly hailed as an "anti-alcohol" that was quite welcome during the Age of Reason in the 18th century.
"Just at the point when the Enlightenment is getting going, here’s a drink that sharpens the mind," Standage said. "The coffeehouse is the perfect venue (聚会地点) to get together and exchange ideas and information. The French Revolution started in a coffeehouse."
Coffee also fuelled commerce and had strong links to the rituals of business that remain to the present day. Lloyds of London and the London Stock Exchange were both originally coffeehouses.
Tea
Tea became a daily drink in China around the third century A.D.
Standage says tea played a leading role in the expansion of imperial and industrial might in Great Britain many centuries later. During the 19th century, the East India Company enjoyed a monopoly on tea exports from China.
"Englishmen around the world could drink tea, whether they were a colonial administrator in India or a London businessman," Standage said. "The sun never set on the British Empire---which meant that it was always teatime somewhere."
As the Industrial Revolution of 18th and 19th centuries gained steam, tea provided some of the fuel. Factory workers stayed alert during long, monotonous shifts thanks to welcome tea breaks.
The beverage also had unintended health benefits for rapidly growing urban areas. "When you start packing people together in cities it’s helpful to have a water-purification technology like tea," which was brewed with boiling water, Standage explained.
Coca-Cola
In 1886 pharmacist John Stith Pemberton sold about nine Coca-Colas a day.
Today his soft drink is one of the world’s most valuable brands--sold in more countries than the United Nations has members.
"It may be the second most widely understood phrase in the world after ‘OK’," Standage said.
The drink has become a symbol of the United States--love it or hate it. Standage notes that East Germans quickly reached for Cokes when the Berlin Wall fell, while Thai Muslims poured it out into the streets to show disdain for the U.S. in the days leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
"Coca-Cola encapsulates what happened in the 20th century: the rise of consumer capitalism and the emergence of America as a superpower," Standage said. "It’s globalization in a bottle."
While Coke may not always produce a smile, a survey by the Economist magazine ( Standage’s employer), suggests that the soft drink’s presence is a great indicator of happy citizens. When countries were polled for happiness, as defined by a United Nations index, high scores correlated with sales of Coca-Cola.
"It’s not because [Coke] makes people happy, but because [its] sales happen in the dynamic free-market economies that tend to produce happy people," Standage said.

1. The passage gives a brief description of the content of a new book, A History of the World in 6 Glasses.
2. The ancient Sumerians began fermenting beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.
3. Today beer is the drink of the working man, which was not the case before.
4. Greeks probably sampled the first "wine" as the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes.
5. The caveats and the expense of producing wine helped it quickly gain more cachet than beer.
6. Standage suggests that tea may have been more responsible than rum for the independence movement in Britain’s American colonies.
7. Coffee is the best drink according to Standage.
8. Sometime around the 15th century coffee spread throughout______________
9. During the 19th century, the monopoly on tea exports from China is______
10. Coca-Cola has become a symbol of__________

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In this section you will hear 10 conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Example: You will read: A) At the office B) In the waiting room
C) At the airport D) In a restaurant

From the conversation we know that this is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) “At the office ”is the best answer. You should choose 【A】on the answer sheet and make it with a single line through the centre.

11 A) Swimming
B) Playing tennis
C) Boating
D）Playing table tennis

12 A) She is going to go out
B) She has visitors next week
C) She has guests at her home
D） She has just visited him this week

13 A) Get some coins at the cafe
B) Buy her a cup of coffee at the cafe
C) Get some coffee from the machine
D） Try to fix the machine

14 A) They spent three hundred dollars on their vacation
B) They drew more money than they should have from the bank
C) They lost their bankbook
D） They had only three hundred dollars in the bank

15 A) To find out her position in the company
B) To apply for a job
C) To offer her a position in the company
D） To make an appointment with the sales manager

16 A) He is surprised
B) He feels very happy
C) He is indifferent
D） He feels very angry

17 A) He hasn’t cleaned his room since Linda visited him
B) Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him
C) He’s been too busy to clean his room
D） Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do

18 A) She is a generous woman by nature
B) It doesn’t have a back cover
C) She feels the man’s apology is enough
D） It is no longer of any use to her

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19 A) Students are not required to attend regular class lectures
B) The professor videotapes class lectures for review
C) Classes are held out at various locations throughout the area
D) Students receive credit for work experience

20 A) it allows them to meet students from other universities
B) it promotes the concept of self- learning
C) it allows more flexibility in students’ schedule
D) it doesn’t require any examinations

21 A) it’s a requirement for psychology majors
B) she can’t get into the traditional course
C) she lives far from the universities
D) she has to work a lot of hours this semester

22 A) it requires too much traveling
B) it limits interaction among students
C) it will increase class size
D) it will encourage students to watch too much television

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23 A) the dances of a native American dance troupe
B) how native American ceremonial dances are classified
C) Variations of a basic dance among native American tribe
D) How native American artists are trained

24 A) to broadcast an awards ceremony
B) to announce a meeting of tribal theater
C) to celebrate the opening of a new theater
D) to inform people about a performance

25 A) the elders must give approval to perform sacred dances
B) the elders make sure the dances are performed properly
C) the troupe is financed by the elders
D) the elders have substantial acting experience

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passages, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only ONCE. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the choices marked A),B),C) and D),then make the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard

26 A) because the bird couldn’t repeat his master’s name
B) because the bird screamed all day long
C) because the bird uttered the wrong word
D) because the bird failed to say the name of the town

27 A) the cruel master
B) the pet bird
C) the man in the kitchen
D) the fourth chicken

28 A) the bird had finally understood his threat
B) the bird managed to escape from the chicken house
C) the bird had learned to scream back at him
D) the bird was living peacefully with the chickens

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard

29 A) they are kept in open prisons
B) they are allowed out of the prison grounds
C) they are ordered to do cooking and cleaning
D) they are a small portion of the prison population

30 A) some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons
B) most of their prisoners are expected to work
C) their prisoners are often sent to special centers for skill training
D) their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families

31 A) they are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre
B) most of them get paid for their work
C) they have to cook their own meals
D) they can choose to do community work

Passage Three

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
32 A) because they have a driving license
B) because they have received special training
C) because the traffic conditions in London are good
D) because the traffic system of the city is not very complex

33 A) two to four months
B) at least half a year
C) about three weeks
D) two years or more

34 A) government officers are hard to please
B) the learner has to go through several tough tests
C) the learner usually fails several times before he passes it
D) the driving test usually lasts two months

35 A) they don’t want their present bosses to know w