数学公式的英文读法.docx

数学公式的英文读法&数学英文词汇
1.Logic
∃ there exist
∀ for all
p⇒q p implies q / if p, then q
p⇔q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent
2.Sets
x∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A
x∉A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A
A⊂B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B
A⊃B A contains B / B is a subset of A
A∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B
A∪B A cup B / A join B / A union B
A\B A minus B / the diference between A and B
A×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B
3. Real numbers
x+1 x plus one
x-1 x minus one
x±1 x plus or minus one
xy xy / x multiplied by y

(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y

x y x over y
= the equals sign
x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5
x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5
x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y
x ≡ y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y
x > y x is greater than y
x≥y x is greater than or equal to y
x < y x is less than y
x≤y x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1
0≤x≤1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1
| x | mod x / modulus x
x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2
x 3 x cubed
x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four
x n x to the nth / x to the power n
x −n x to the (power) minus n
x (square) root x / the square root of x
x 3 cube root (of) x
x 4 fourth root (of) x
x n nth root (of) x
( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared
( x y ) 2 x over y all squared
n! n factorial
x ^ x hat
x ¯ x bar
x ˜ x tilde
x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i
∑ i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i
4. Linear algebra
‖ x ‖ the norm (or modulus) of x
OA → OA / vector OA
OA ¯ OA / the length of the segment OA
A T A transpose / the transpose of A
A −1 A inverse / the inverse of A
5. Functions
f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x
f:S→T a function f from S to T
x→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y
f'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x
f''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x
f'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x
f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
∂f ∂ x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
∂ 2 f ∂ x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1
∫ 0 ∞ the integral from zero to infinity
lim⁡ x→0 the limit as x approaches zero
lim⁡ x→ 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above
lim⁡ x→ 0 − the limit as x approaches zero from below
log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y
ln⁡y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

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证明题 (站内联系TA)
一般词汇
数学 mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)
公理 axiom
定理 theorem
计算 calculation
运算 operation
证明 prove
假设 hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)
命题 proposition
算术 arithmetic
加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)
被加数 augend, summand
加数 addend
和 sum
减 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)
被减数 minuend
减数 subtrahend
差 remainder
乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)
被乘数 multiplicand, faciend
乘数 multiplicator
积 product
除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)
被除数 dividend
除数 divisor
商 quotient
等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to
大于 is greater than
小于 is lesser than
大于等于 is equal or greater than
小于等于 is equal or lesser than
运算符 operator
数字 digit
数 number
自然数 natural number
整数 integer
小数 decimal
小数点 decimal point
分数 fraction
分子 numerator
分母 denominator
比 ratio
正 positive
负 negative
零 null, zero, nought, nil
十进制 decimal system
二进制 binary system
十六进制 hexadecimal system
权 weight, significance
进位 carry
截尾 truncation
四舍五入 round
下舍入 round down
上舍入 round up
有效数字 significant digit
无效数字 insignificant digit
代数 algebra
公式 formula, formulae(pl.)
单项式 monomial
多项式 polynomial, multinomial
系数 coefficient
未知数 unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor
等式，方程式 equation
一次方程 simple equation
二次方程 quadratic equation
三次方程 cubic equation
四次方程 quartic equation
不等式 inequation
阶乘 factorial
对数 logarithm
指数，幂 exponent
乘方 power
二次方，平方 square
三次方，立方 cube
四次方 the power of four, the fourth power
n次方 the power of n, the nth power
开方 evolution, extraction
二次方根，平方根 square root
三次方根，立方根 cube root
四次方根 the root of four, the fourth root
n次方根 the root of n, the nth root
集合 aggregate
元素 element
空集 void
子集 subset
交集 intersection
并集 union
补集 complement
映射 mapping
函数 function
定义域 domain, field of definition
值域 range
常量 constant
变量 variable
单调性 monotonicity
奇偶性 parity
周期性 periodicity
图象 image
数列，级数 series
微积分 calculus
微分 differential
导数 derivative
极限 limit
无穷大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)
无穷小 infinitesimal
积分 integral
定积分 definite integral
不定积分 indefinite integral
有理数 rational number
无理数 irrational number
实数 real number
虚数 imaginary number
复数 complex number
矩阵 matrix
行列式 determinant
几何 geometry
点 point
线 line
面 plane
体 solid
线段 segment
射线 radial
平行 parallel
相交 intersect
角 angle
角度 degree
弧度 radian
锐角 acute angle
直角 right angle
钝角 obtuse angle
平角 straight angle
周角 perigon
底 base
边 side
高 height
三角形 triangle
锐角三角形 acute triangle
直角三角形 right triangle
直角边 leg
斜边 hypotenuse
勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem
钝角三角形 obtuse triangle
不等边三角形 scalene triangle
等腰三角形 isosceles triangle
等边三角形 equilateral triangle
四边形 quadrilateral
平行四边形 parallelogram
矩形 rectangle
长 length
宽 width
菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond
正方形 square
梯形 trapezoid
直角梯形 right trapezoid
等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid
五边形 pentagon
六边形 hexagon
七边形 heptagon
八边形 octagon
九边形 enneagon
十边形 decagon
十一边形 hendecagon
十二边形 dodecagon
多边形 polygon
正多边形 equilateral polygon
圆 circle
圆心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)
半径 radius
直径 diameter
圆周率 pi
弧 arc
半圆 semicircle
扇形 sector

环 ring
椭圆 ellipse
圆周 circumference
周长 perimeter
面积 area
轨迹 locus, loca(pl.)
相似 similar
全等 congruent
四面体 tetrahedron
五面体 pentahedron
六面体 hexahedron
平行六面体 parallelepiped
立方体 cube
七面体 heptahedron
八面体 octahedron
九面体 enneahedron
十面体 decahedron
十一面体 hendecahedron
十二面体 dodecahedron
二十面体 icosahedron
多面体 polyhedron
棱锥 pyramid
棱柱 prism
棱台 frustum of a prism
旋转 rotation
轴 axis
圆锥 cone
圆柱 cylinder
圆台 frustum of a cone
球 sphere
半球 hemisphere
底面 undersurface
表面积 surface area
体积 volume
空间 space
坐标系 coordinates
坐标轴 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis
横坐标 x-coordinate
纵坐标 y-coordinate
原点 origin
双曲线 hyperbola
抛物线 parabola
三角 trigonometry
正弦 sine
余弦 cosine
正切 tangent
余切 cotangent
正割 secant
余割 cosecant
反正弦 arc sine
反余弦 arc cosine
反正切 arc tangent
反余切 arc cotangent
反正割 arc secant
反余割 arc cosecant
相位 phase
周期 period
振幅 amplitude
内心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)
外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)
旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)
垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)
重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)
内切圆 inscribed circle
外切圆 circumcircle
统计 statistics
平均数 average
加权平均数 weighted average
方差 variance
标准差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation
比例 propotion
百分比 percent
百分点 percentage
百分位数 percentile
排列 permutation
组合 combination
概率，或然率 probability
分布 distribution
正态分布 normal distribution
非正态分布 abnormal distribution
图表 graph
条形统计图 bar graph
柱形统计图 histogram
折线统计图 broken line graph
曲线统计图 curve diagram
扇形统计图 pie diagram

证明题 (站内联系TA)
专业术语词汇

代数部分

1.有关数学运算

add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数，红利divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入

2.有关集合

union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集

3.有关代数式、方程和不等式

algebraic term代数项like terms,similar terms同类项
numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程
linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)

4.有关分数和小数

proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction，common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator（最小）公分母quarter四分之一
decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数
recurring decimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位

5.基本数学概念

arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入

6.有关数论

natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数rea lnumber,rational number实数,有理数irrational（number）无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……注意：所有的质数(2除外)都是奇数，但奇数不一定是质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比

7.数列

arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列

8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位

几何部分

1.所有的角

alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplement aryangles补角complement aryangle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角

2.所有的三角形

equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形

3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外

semicircle半圆

concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形

4.其它平面图形

arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形

5.有关立体图形

cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的

6.有关图形上的附属物

altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距

7.有关坐标

coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面

8.其它

plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的

其它

1.单位类

cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或