口语课：人教版选修6Unit1ART,AShortHistoryofWesternPainting.doc

口语课：人教版选修6 Unit 1 ART, A Short History of Western Painting
课堂实录
在阅读后进一步挖掘阅读材料蕴含的文化和历史背景
在post-reading阶段，结合高中生思维活跃，求新求异，表现欲强的特点，给学生机会就阅读材料中所蕴含的文化历史背景进行探究和拓展。通过学生探究性的学习和积极参与，激发学生的创新思维，拓展学生的文化视野，通过学生的思维和参与带动学生的语言学习和运用。 同时，“学生自主参与探究学习活动，获得亲自参与探究的体验，逐步形成参与探究、努力求知的心理倾向，对他们终生学习能力的形成非常重要。”（李学书 王亚歌, 2008）
如在学习了人教版选修6 Unit 1 ART, A Short History of Western Painting后，就课文的主题句：Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people 来分析影响西方绘画主题和特色的人们的信念（faith）和原因，并通过学生自己的绘画作品来展现学生对不同时期人们信念（faith）对绘画风格（style）的影响。
首先，让学生就不同时期影响绘画主题的faith进行小组讨论归纳出各个历史时期不同的绘画主题和风格。（图表1）然后，让学生就不同时期影响绘画主题的faith进行小组讨论。
Period
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Impressionism
Modern Art
Time
5th-15th century
15th-16th century
Late 19th-early 20th
century
20th century-today
Characteristics of the paintings

●religious themes
●many religious symbols

●realistic themes
●perspective
●new oil paints

●painted outdoors
●painted changes in light
●not detailed
●had to paint quickly
●abstract:
Concentrated on qualities of the object
●very realistic: like photographs
（图表1）
学生们结合自己对课文的理解和以前所学习的历史和绘画方面的有关知识展开讨论。之后，鼓励学生自由发表自己的观点。归纳起来，学生的观点如下:
During the Middle Ages (5th-15th century)，people believed in religion and God. People thought God created everything and supplied people with all they needed selflessly，such as sunshine, food, clothes, fire, warmth, love. People at that time were grateful to God and the paintings at that time were full of religious symbols. So the faith of the period is “God, we love you! ”
学生们还幽默地借用当代流行歌曲 《死了都要爱》（死了都要爱，不淋漓尽致不痛快，感情多深，只有这样才足够表白。）来表达当时人们的信仰。
During the Renaissance (15th-16th century), new ideas and values gradually replaced the religious themes. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude towards life. People no longer consider God was as important as the God during the Middle Ages. People began to pay more attention to nature and the value and importance of themselves. So people themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements are the themes of the paintings. At the same time, new technique, perspective was first used and oil painting was also developed. The faith of this period is “We and nature are the world!” 。
学生们也同样选用了流行歌曲 We are the world 来表达这个主题。
During the Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century), Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. After they entered the city, they were away from nature and began to recall the good memories of the good times in the countryside. The people in the cities wanted to return to nature and get close to nature. So at that time, impressionism came into being. The faith of the time is “We love you, nature!”
学生们也创造性地选用了流行歌曲《You are beautiful》 来表达当时人们对美丽自然的赞美和渴望，用流行歌曲《小芳》“谢谢你给我的爱，今生今世我不忘怀”的乐句来表达人们对已经远离了的自然的怀念。
During 20th century to today (the Modern Art), people pay more attention to themselves and humanism. People think everyone is unique and people are seeking individualized taste. On the other hand, people also pay much attention to the reality. So there are two trends for the painting styles. On the other hand, some modern art is abstract. On the other hand, some paintings are so realistic. The faith of modern time is “I am unique and different.”
同学们的观点可以简单概括为下表（图表2）。
Period
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Impressionism
Modern Art
Time
5th-15th century
15th-16th century
Late 19th-early 20th
century
20th century-today
The faith
We Love you, God!
We are the world!

We love you, nature!
I am different/ unique
（图表2）
之后，为了进一步激发学生的创新性，为了让学生有机会展现一下自己的才能，要求学生通过绘画的形式将自己对对各个时期人们的信念（faith）对绘画风格的理解展现出来。我给每个同学设计了一张画纸，要求学生选择一个绘画时期作为自己创作的背景，将这个时期的绘画特点和人们的faith归纳出来并通过自己的绘画凸显出来。之后，以小组为单位，用语言表述自己的作品特点。
先让学生闭上眼睛，给他们三分钟想象和构思自己的作品。之后，同学们开始在画纸上创作自己的作品。大约5分钟后，学生的创作完成了。
以下摘选部分学生的作品来见识一下学生们的创新思维和创造能力，以及创造性运用语言的能力。

学生作品1，学生黑板上创作的作品。

学生在展示和讲解自己的作品

学生作品2 （The Middle Ages）
Period:
The Middle Ages
Period:
The Middle Ages
Characteristics:
Respect and Love God
Characteristics:
Religious Theme
The name of my painting
Creative God
The name of my painting
Marie and Jesus

The description of Creative God from the student
My painting’s name is Creative God. There are many things that the God created, such as the sun, the moon, the human beings and mountains. People in the Middle Ages thought God was everything. It was God who made the planets move around the earth. So people during this period loved God even after they died. They thought their souls would always follow God happily.

学生作品3（The Middle Ages）
Period:
The Middle Ages
Period:
The Middle Ages
Characteristics
Love God
Characteristics:
Religious Theme
The name of my painting
I Love You, God!
The name of my painting
Marie and Jesus

The description of I Love You, God! from the students:
The man on the top is God. I want to show people’s love and respect to God. People at that time thought God gave their lives. So they believed in God and swore that they would never change their love.

学生作品4（The Renaissance）
The description of Flora from the student
Flora is the God of flowers in ancient Greek myth. The difference of the painting of Flora from the Middle Ages is that it is more humanistic.
The description of A Beauty from the student
The painting is about a beautiful lady just like Mona Lisa. She was rich but was unhappy because she could not do what she liked to do. This painting reflects the thoughts and feelings of the humans.
Period:
The Renaissance
Period:
The Renaissance
Characteristics:
Humanism
Characteristics:
Humanism
The name of my painting
Flora(花神)
The name of my painting
A Beauty

学生作品5（The Impressionism）
The description of New City Sunrise from the student
The top of the painting is the sun and cloud. In the middle of the painting is a new city. The lower part is the sea. This is impressionism style. The person in the boat wants to escape from the city to get close to nature.
The description of Nature from the student
My painting is named Nature There are many trees, a river and so on. All of them look wonderful and beautiful. The painting is not detailed as those of the earlier times. I want to show the beauty of nature and remind people to think highly of nature and respect it.
Period:
Impressionism
Period:
Impressionism
Characteristics:
Painted quickly, not detailed
Characteristics:
Painted out doors, not detailed
The name of my painting
New City Sunrise
The name of my painting
Nature

学生作品6（Modern Art）
Period:
Modern Art
Period:
Modern Art
Characteristics:
abstract
Characteristics:
realistic
The name of my painting
A Big Head Boy
The name of my painting
A Little Orange

The description of A Big Head Boy from the student
A boy was reading under the moonlight. It is a hard-working student like me. It is very late at night, but the student is still revising his lessons for tomorrow’s exams. Here the head of the boy is highlighted and abstracted, which emphasizes the student’s pressure and pain from the studies.
The description of A Little Orange from the student
This is a little orange on my desk. The little orange is my painting model. Some colours such as yellow, green, orange are used to show its real colours and the black colour is used to show the shadow of the orange to make it look more real.
表现Middle ages的作品都涉及了religious themes和religious symbols，如圣母Virgin Mary，The Birth of the Jesus, Jesus Christ sacrifices himself on crucifix(耶酥被钉在十字架)，有些学生还模仿世界名画，如最后的晚餐，米开朗基罗创作的《创造亚当》等名画。
由于学生对文艺复兴时期的代表作和画家及世界名画比较熟悉，所以表现这个时期的作品更多的是模仿这个时期的名画，如 Leonardo da Vinci的Mona Lisa，Michelangelo的大卫雕像以及人物肖像画，还有学同学采用素描（perspective）来表现文艺复兴时期作品的特点。
选择了Impressionism时期的同学大多数都选了风景画来表现那个时代作品的特点。并且在作品中通过突显光线和阴影来表现painted outdoors， painted changed in light ，画的简单明了来突显not detailed， had to paint quickly。
选择了Modern Art的同学的作品突显了abstract, concentrated on qualities of the object的特点。他们的作品有的模仿Picasso的作品，如《和平鸽》以及他的抽象画。为了表现现代的特点，许多学生采用了几何图形甚至变形的线条和图形，选择了摩天建筑以及现代交通等来现。
由于时间限制，学生们的画作尽管很简单，并且可能显得有些幼稚，但是，学生的画作将各个绘画历史阶段的特征都表现出来了。另外，通过学生展示和介绍自己的作品，学生不但理解了课文内容，同时也学习了课文之外的知识，扩展了学生的知识面，增长了见识，练习和真正使用了英语。这其实也就达到了本次活动的真正目的，即以绘画和文化为媒体，激发学生的兴趣，开发学生的创造思维，活跃课堂氛围，通过学生的亲身参与来学习和应用英语。
体会与反思：在英语教学中，起着主导作用的教师要结合高中生的思维特点，结合教学材料的主题和内容，设计出富有创新性的课堂活动，通过激发和培养学生的创新思维来引领学生语言知识的学习和实践，让学生体会到愉悦感和成就感。同时,凸显目标语的语言文化与语言意识，以语言文化和创新思维为媒体,设计课堂活动,让学生积极的思维引领语言学习和运用，在提高学生语言能力的同时也培养学生文化意识和创新思维。