八年级下册Unit3Couldyoupleaseclean_yourroom知识点归纳梳理.doc

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?

Grammar 语法
Could you（please）+ V-原形？表示委婉地提出请求
1. Could you please clean your room?
Yes, sure. / Of course./ Certainly./All right.
2. Could you please do the dishes?
Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：
① Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?
② I wonder if I could use your car for a day?
对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样，如同意可以说Yes或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或That’s OK/all right; 如果不同意，可以说I’m sorry you can’t. 或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can’t. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
③ Do you mind if I use your car for a day?
对于句③所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。无论肯定还是否定应答中，要避免使用could，要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can’t.
—Could I please use your computer?
—Sorry, I’m going to work on it now.
—Well, could I watch TV?
—Yes, you can.
Could I/you please …？表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议，其后连接原形动词，比Can you /I…？语气更委婉。类似句型有：
Would you like + sth. / to do sth.?
May I + do sth.?
Shall we + do sth.?
Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.?
What / How about + sth. /doing sth.?
肯定回答有Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有Sorry… / No, you can’t. 等。

Section A

1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？
【解析1】Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？
用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答： Sorry , I can’t
【解析2】take out 取出（v+ adv）
【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间； 跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞
The gift is in the box. You can take it out.
2. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物
3. Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？
【解析1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。
Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?
【解析2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过
【解析3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
【解析1】two hours of TV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 How time is flies! Three years _______(be) really a short time.
作形容词

足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）
【解析2】enough I don’t have enough money with me.
作 副词

足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）
The river is deep enough for swimming.
【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.
【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。
5. Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?
你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？【解析】take out 拿出；取出
take 的用法：
拿；取
Please take some books to the classroom.

吃；喝；服用

Take this medicine three times a day.
乘（车；船等）
take
They usually take the bus to work.
花费（时间；金钱）

It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.

【拓展】take 构成的短语：
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞
take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来
take one’s temperature 量体温
6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .
我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” Please write to me the minute you get there.
【解析2】 in front of
in front of
指在物体外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.
【辨析】
in the front of
指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom
【记】 The driver sat ________________ the car.
The policeman stood ___________ the car.
【注意】有the无the区别大：
at table 吃饭；进餐

at the tabel 在桌边
in hospital 住院

in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）

【解析3】come over 过来
【拓展】 come 短语：
come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with想出
come true实现 come down下来 come from=be from来自,出生于
come in/into进入,进来 come on赶快,加油 come along走吧,过来,快点
come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！【解析】all the time = always 一直；总是
【拓展】与time相关的短语：
on time 按时 in time 及时 at the same time同时
form time to time偶尔 the first time 第一次 at times 有时
time and time again 一再；经常 last time上次 next time 下次
8. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！
【解析】as...as ... 和......一样......
【注】比较级倍数表达句型为：倍数+as+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as之前的musician， 故谓语使用单数
9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.
一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不”
⑴ neither两者都不 neither …nor… 既不…也不…,
连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。
【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语
【注】find → found →found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难
11. She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。
【解析】in surprise 惊奇地；吃惊地
surprise v 使吃惊→surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 →surprised adj. 吃惊的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 be surprised at 对……感到吃惊
12. “ I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。” 我回答说。
【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。
(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done
用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词

(1)needn’t = don’t have to 没有必要
(2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
— Must I go there now? — Yes，you must/No, you needn’t
share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 与某人分享某物
13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起
14. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？
【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 Pass on 传递
Please pass the paper on to the other students.
⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home. ⑶ v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.
15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗
Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？
【解析】borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.
(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.
(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】
记】 I want to __________ a bike from my friend but he didn’t ____ it to me,
Because Tom had _____ it for two days.
16. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。
【解析】try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。
try v 试图，设法，努力
【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】
(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】
(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
17. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。
【解析】hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.
hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。
She hates smoking in her room.
18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？
【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事
(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事
ask构成的短语：
短语
含义
ask sb. to do sth
请某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth
不让某人做某事
ask sb for sth
向某人要某物
ask for help
寻求帮助
19.I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.
当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。
【解析1】finish doing sth 完成某事
【解析2】while conj. “在……期间； 当……的时候”
While 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。
【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。
【注】help v 帮助 → helpful adj. 有帮助的
(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)with the help of sb.=with one’s help在某人的帮助之下
(3)without the help of 没有在…的帮助之下

Unit3 Could you please clean your room?课文重难点讲解Section B

1. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？
【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地
【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
You should refuse his __________(invite) .He is really friendly.
①We invited him _______(join) us to practice speaking English.
②He invited a lot of friends _________(come) to his birthday party.
2. No, you can’t have a party. 不， 你不能举办聚会。【解析】can’t 不能；不会
3. I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。
【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得
(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy
(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.
【make短语】:
make sure 确信 make a dialogue编对话
make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽)
make a noise吵闹 make faces做鬼脸
make friends (with)和..交朋友 make room for给..让地方
make tea沏茶 make money赚钱 make a decision作出决定
make the bed 整理床铺 make a living 谋生 make fun of = laugh at 取笑

4. They don’t have time to study and do housework，too 他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。
【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空
5. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a waste of 浪费a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱
waste v “浪费” waste time/money on sth
waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱
6. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。
【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费......spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in）doing sth◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the computer games.
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱 A new computer costs me a lot of money.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.
【解析2】in order to “目的是；为了” 后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了做某事
【解析3】get into =enter 进入
【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服
get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧
get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事
get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)
7. Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so there’s no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。
【解析】get older 长大 get/ become/ go辨析：
⑴ get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.
⑵ become 强调变化的结果 It's becoming colder and colder.
⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情 go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿
8. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。
【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
provide v 提供provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介词用for)
=provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介词with)供应某人某物
相当于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.
provide
为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”
provide sb. with sth.
=provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer
侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.
对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply
定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物
9. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.
无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。
解析】anyway 无论如何, (一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）
10. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。
【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是重要的
11. Children these days depend on their parents too much.
现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。
【解析】depend on 依靠；信赖
12. ... Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。
【解析1】 do one’s part 尽职责；尽本分Do one’s part in doing sth 在做某事上尽职责
【解析2】keep +sth /sb. +adj. “使......处于某种状态”
keep 系动词 “保持” keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词 “保持；继续”
(1) keep ( on ) doing sth 继续做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working
(2) keep sb. Doing sth 让某人一直做某事 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
13. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.
做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教 他们如何照顾自己。
【解析】develop independence 培养独立意识
develop v→development n 发展→developing adj. 发展的 →developed adj. 发达的
a developing country 一个发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家
14. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应该知道保持家里干净、整洁每个人都应该参与。
【解析】since conj. 既然 (表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）
14. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。【解析】take care of 照顾
【拓展】与take相关的短语：
take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心
take medicine服药 take place发生 take one’s temperature量体温
take one’s time别着急 take a walk散步
15. As a result , he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。
【解析1】as a result 结果 （插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）
【解析2】fall ill 生病fall asleep 入睡
16. The earlier kids learn to be independent , the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。
【解析】the + 比较级， the + 比较级 “越...... 越...... ”

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
重点短语
go out for dinner 出去吃饭
stay out late 在外面待到很晚
go to the movies 去看电影
get a ride 搭车
work on 从事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
clean and tidy 干净整洁
do the dishes 洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
make your/the bed 整理床铺
clean the living room 打扫客厅
no problem 没问题
welcome sb. 欢迎某人
come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家
throw down 扔下

sit down 坐下
come over 过来
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
all the time 一直;总是
all day/evening 整曰/夜
do housework 做家务
shout back 大声回应
walk away 走开
.share the housework 分担家务
a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
in surprise 惊讶地
get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
watch one show 观看一个节目
hang out 闲逛
pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
do chores 做杂务
help sb. (to ) d o /with sth 帮助某人干某事
bring a tent带顶帐篷来
buy some snacks买些小吃
go to the store去商店
invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
enough stress足够的压力
waste of time浪费时间
in order to为了
get