形容词比较最高级讲+练.doc

形 容 词 的 比 较 级 和 最 高 级
讲 解 及 练 习
(两者比较than相连，三者比较the在前，
同级比较用原型，as……as永不离)
Ⅰ. 常见的形容词及比较级和最高级的构成
（1）规则变化：
①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er
Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er
Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
（2）特殊变化： 原级 比较级 最高级
goo/ well better best
many/ much more most
bad / badly（坏地） worse worst
little less least
old older（年龄）/ elder(辈份) oldest/ eldest
far farther距离/ further（深奥的） farthest/ furthest
Ⅱ. 形容词比较级的用法：表示两者（人或物）的比较。
⒈表达“A大于B”用 A + be + 比较级+than B
①. Tom比我胖。 Tom is _____ (fat) than me.
②他的头发比我的短。His hair is ________(short) than _________. He has ________ (short) hair than ________. (注意比较对象的一致性)
③. 英语比语文重要。English is _______________ (important) than Chinese.
④. 我来的比你晚。I come _______ (late) than you.（副词的比较级）
⒉ 表达“A和B一样”，用 A … as 原级 as B
①他和我一样高。 He is as ________ (tall) as I/me.
②英语比语文重要。English is as _______________ (important) as Chinese.
③他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is ________ ________ _____ mine.
④他学习和你一样努力。He works _______ hard ______ you.
⒊ 表达“A不如B”，用A …not+as/so+原级+as+B。
①这辆车不像那辆车一样贵。This car ______ _______ _______ ______（expensive） that one. =This car is ______ than that one. =That car is ______ _______ than this one.
②今天没有昨天暖和。Today ______ _______ warm) _______ yesterday. =Yesterday ______ ________ than today.
③他昨天来得没有我早。He _________ come ________ (early)as I (did) yesterday. =He came _________ than I yesterday. (同级和比较级的同义句转换)
4．比较级前可用much / a lot / far(… 得多)，a little（稍微）, even（甚至）等表示程度

He is much ___________( well) today. It’s much ____________ (expensive).
He is very __________ (well) today. It’s too ___________ (expensive)
5.在两者之间选择哪一个更….，用比较级.Which /Who…,A or B?
谁跑得快Lucy 还是Lily？ Who runs _________, Lucy or Lily?
6.如果在两者之间表示“最„„”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：
约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个。John is the cleverer of the two boys.
Of the two boys, John is the cleverer.
这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。This watch is ____________________of the two.
7.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
我比他大两岁。 I am two years _________ _________ he.
这个建筑比那个建筑高20米。This building is 20 meters ________ __________that one. △“比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越…”
天气越来越冷了。It’s getting ______ and _______(cold) 比赛越来越有趣。
The game is_____________________ (interesting)
注意:多音节形容词用此句型时，要用more and more +形容词原级；而不能用more beautiful and more beautiful
△ “The+ 比较级…，the+ 比较级…”表示“越…，就越… 越多越好
The ________, the _______. 他越忙就越高兴。______ _____he is, ______ _______he feels.
△ “用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +原级＋as…”表示甲是乙的几倍。
“用twice 等表示倍数的词+比较级than …”表示甲是乙的几倍。
这间房是那间房面积的两倍。This room is _______ as big as that one. =This room is _______bigger than that one
注意：在英语中，两倍用twice，而不用two times，三倍以上用three，four„times。 同义引申高high /tall/long etc.
The dress is twice as expensive as that one.
The dress is twice more expensive than that one.

一． 如果主句中谓语动词是不及物动词或（动词的宾语是物）时，than后面的人称代词既可 以用主格，也可以用宾格，且意义无区别。例如：
Lin Tao runs faster than I（me）．林涛跑得比我快。
二、如果主句谓语动词是及物动词，且than后面的名词或代词又与动词连用时，than后面的人称代词只能用主格。例如：
He loves the dog more than she does．他比她更爱这条狗。（不用her）
三、如果主句谓语动词是连系动词be，than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，且意义无区别。例如：He is much fatter than she（her）．他比她胖得多。
四、如果主句谓语动词的宾语指人，than后面用主格代词或宾格代词，意思有区别，常用的动词有like，love，hate，know等。试比较：
She knows me better than he （knows me）．
She knows me better than him．她了解我超过了解他。

Ⅲ. 形容词最高级的用法：
1.表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，副词最高级前常省略the, 后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。
①在我们班上他最高。 He is ______ ______ ______ ( tall) _____ our class.
②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。
Mary is ______ ______ ______ (young) ______ the three students.
2. 形容词最高级的前面常有the，my等形容词性物主代词，China's名词所有格，最高级前不加the
This is ______ ______ day. 这是我最忙的一天。
Jack is ______ ______ friend. 杰克是吉姆最好的朋友
The Changjiang River is ______ ______ river.长江是中国最长的河流。
3. 在which„A ,B orC_? 句中，表示三者或三者以上比较
Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳,月亮,地球,哪一个最大？
4. 形容词最高级表示“最...之一”时，可用“one of the+最高级+复数名词”
Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. 爱迪生是世界上最为大的发明家之一。
5．“the +序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最„”；
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China
6.比较级和最高级的同义句转换
He is the tallest boy in his class.
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
He is taller than any of the other boys in his class.
He is taller than any of the others in his class.
He is taller than all the other boys in his class.
He is taller than the other boys in his class.
He is taller than anyone else in his class.
IV 几点注意:
1.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
( ) China is larger that any country in Asia.
( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
( ) China is larger that any country in Europe.
2．要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
上海的人口比北京的人口多 （ ）The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing. （ ）The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
我们的教室比他们的明亮的多。（ ）Our classroom is brighter than _____
A. them B their C theirs

（附练习题）

【Exercise】
一．出下列单词的比较级
1.tall___________ 2.quiet____________ 3.funny________4.heavy___________ 5.thin_____________6.big______________7.outgoing_____________8.wild________ 9.little____________10.good____________11.bad_______________12.many__________
二、单选题
1.Tina is ________ than Linda.
A.short B.more shorter C.shorter D.shortter
2.This question is ______ than that one.
A.easyer B.more easy C.easy D.easier
3.I’m ________ younger than her.
A.a few B.a little C.little D.few
4.My friend is the same _______ me.
A.to B.as C.with D.in
5.The girl is as __ as her mother.
A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.beautifule D.more beautifuler
6.Lily is _________ of the two.
A.taller B.tallest C.the taller D.tall
7.The box is ________ heavier than that one.
A.much B.very C.more D.so
三、同义句。
1.He is 14 years old. His friend is 12 years old. His friend is __________ __________ he.
2.Our bikes are not the same as theirs. Our bikes are __________ _________ theirs.
3.He is healthier than his friend. He _______ _________ ________ of the two.
4.The girl is smarter than her classmates. The girl is smarter than____ _____ _____ in her class.
5.He is less popular than her.
He is not _________ popular _________ her.
She is _________ _______ than him.

一、 Choose
1．He feels _____ today than yesterday.
A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired
2. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.
A. the more expensive one B. one most expensive
C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them
3. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not long C. much longer D. many more longer
4. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest
5. She looks _____ than she does.
A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older
6. The garden is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler
7.______ hurry, _______speed. 越急越慢（欲速则不达）
A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little
8. The line is ____ than that one.
A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer
9. The earth is _____ the moon.
A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times
10. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest
二、Fill in the blanks with the right forms:
1．This bag is a little _______(heavy) than that one.
2．Mr. Smith is a ________(good) teacher. He always helps us to learn math.
3．Dave is _____ (quiet) than most of the kids in his class.
4．Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever).
5．Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(铁).
6．My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.
7．Tom is ____ (outgoing) than any other boy in his class.
8．The short one is _______ (expensive) than the long one.
9. John is _______________ (smart) of the 2 girls.
10. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.
11. Dick sings ___ (well), she sings ___(well) than John, but Mary sings___(well) in her class.
12. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.
13. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive)
三．翻译句子：
1． 这本书和那本书一样有趣。This book is _____ _____ _____ that one.
2． 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
3． 他比我大两岁。He is _____ ______ ______ than I.
4． 这个故事不如那个恐怖。This story is _____ _____ _____ ______ that one.
5． 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.
6.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming ____ ____ ______ _____ ____English.
7.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _______ he gets.
8.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _____ _____ ______of two.
9． 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother.
10． 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one.
11.Jack has longer hair than Tom.
12.My sister is better at English than me.
13.He is taller than any other student.比任何一个其他的学生。
14.Mary is much taller than her.
15.My shoes are smaller than hers.

参考答案 一． 1.taller 2.quieter 3.funnier 4.heavier 5.thinner 6.bigger 7.more outgoing 8.wilder 9.less 10.better 11.worse 12.more
二．1-5 CDBBA 6-7 CA
三． 1. younger than 2. different from 3. is the healthier 4. any other student 5.as as more popular

Test: 一、1----5 BACBC 6---7 CC 二、 1. heavier 2. good 3. quieter 4. cleverer 5. less 6. older 7. funnier 8. more expensive Homework: 1. as interesting as 2. much colder„than 3. two years older 4. not as scary as 5. better and better 6. more and more interested in