全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解.doc

北京 2010）B
The population of the Earth is growing faster. It is important that we look after the Earth. We need it.
The Earth gives us a lot of things. We also give the Earth a lot, but some of the things are not good. In nature, when something dies, other animals and plants get food from it. Every animal or plant gives food for other animals or plants. However, animals can’t get food from many of the things that we ‘ give’ the Earth. Animals and plants can’t eat metal, plastic and glass. These things will stay in the ground for many, many, many years.
Some rubbish is very dangerous for plants and animal. In some place, many animals live together. One animal makes food for many more animals. If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water, the plankton(浮游生物) can die. If there isn’t any plankton, many animals have nothing to eat.
So what can we do? Don’t leave any rubbish in the countryside! Don’t make so much rubbish!
51. The Earth gives us _______.
A. food B. rubbish C. chemicals D. pollution
52. When something dies in nature, _______.
A. water and grass are polluted
B. plastic and wood become food
C. other animals and plants get food
D. metal and glass stay in the ground
53. We must ______ to look after the Earth.
A. put metal in the ground B. use more wood
C. keep frogs in the water D. make less rubbish
（兰州 2010）B.
Because earthquakes happen without warning, it’s important to take steps now to prepare. Because you don’t know where you will be when an earthquake happens, prepare some supplies for your home, workplace, and car.
1. Water.
A person needs at least 1/2 gallon of water daily just for drinking. Store at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and be prepared for a 72-hour period. It is suggested that you buy bottled water. Keep bottled water in its original container and do not open it until you need to use it. Also, do check the “use by” date.
2. Food.
It’s always a practical idea to keep a supply of non-perishable(不易腐烂的) food on hand. Have an enough supply of canned food, powdered milk, dried fruits, non-salted nuts and canned juices for at least 72 hours.
3. Flashlights(手电筒) and spare batteries.
Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at your place of work, and in your car. Do not use matches or candles after an earthquake until you are sure that no gas leaks.
Prepare a battery-powered radio and spare batteries. Most telephones will be out of order, so radios will be your best source of information.
4. Clothes.
If you live in a cold place, you must think about warmth. You might not have heat after an earthquake. Think about your clothing and bedding supplies.
56. Why should people prepare themselves for an earthquake?
A. Because earthquakes can be known before they happen.
B. Because earthquakes take place without warning.
C. Because earthquakes usually take place in the neighborhood.
D. Because it’s people’s daily work to prepare the earthquakes.
57. About the prepared water, which description is RIGHT?
A. A person should prepare 0.5 gallon of water for one day.
B. You’d better use your own containers to keep water.
C. You’d better open the bottled water when you buy it.
D. You shouldn’t open the bottled water until you need it.
58. You should prepare all of the following except ______.
A. powdered milk B. fresh vegetables
C. dried fruits D. canned juices
59. According to the article we know that ______.
A. we need to prepare some supplies only at home
B. a telephone is the most important prepared thing
C. flashlights but not matches are first used after earthquakes
D. clothes are used to protect your head
60. If you live in a cold place, you should prepare _______.
A. some warm clothes and bedding supplies B. some hot water
C. some batteries D. some flashlights
（桂林 2010）D
Dreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the senses—smells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmares—bad dreams that frighten us.
Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called “The Interpretation(诠释) of Dreams” in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can’t have. These dreams often have something to do with sex and aggression(侵犯). Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions(解答) to problems we face when we are awake. He didn’t believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can take pictures of people’s brains while they are sleeping.
Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions(感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and desires(愿望).
Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud published his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.
请根据短文内容，选择最佳答案, 将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）
71. Dreams _________.
A. are remembered by everyone
B. express all that we think in our mind
C. include few senses and things we touch
D. are sometimes nightmares that repeat and frighten us
72. A book on dreaming was published by _________.
A. Sigmund Freud B. Robert Stickgold C. Carl Jung D. the writer
73. In the passage, all the psychiatrists _________.
A. believe dreams can help people understand all the problems that they face
B. think dreams always hide someone’s feelings about sex or aggression
C. study dream and dreaming and have their own ideas
D. have the same idea that people often dream about the things they want
74. From the passage, we know that _________.
A. Jung thought that dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are sleeping
B. Freud developed the idea that dreams are expressions of people’s hidden feelings
C. scientists have known quite well why we dream because they can take pictures of our brains
D. other researchers have discovered how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions
75.Which would be the best title(标题) for the passage?
A. The Explanations of Dreams B. The Ways of Dreams
C. The Solutions to Dreams D. The Mystery(奥秘) of Dreams and Dreaming
A）(2010·哈尔滨)
When we have small cuts in the skin (皮肤), something strange may happen. The cuts are able to heal (痊愈) themselves in a couple of days. How does this happen? Read on, and you will find out the secret.
Every living thing on the earth is made up of cells(细胞). Cells grow and make new cells. Most cells are very tiny and we can’t see them with our eyes. Different cells have different uses. Our skin cells are special ones. The cells on the surface (表面) of our skin are old dead cells. New skin cells are right under the surface. These are the living skin cells. They do work for our bodies. They help protect our bodies and heal cuts.
Our bodies make skin cells all the time. As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place. Each person makes about 18 kg of skin cells during his or her life. Surface skin cells fit together closely with no gaps between them. When you cut or burn yourself, you can harm your skin cells. A small cut will not do much harm. Your skin will quickly heal itself by making new skin cells. How do skin cells. How do skin cells work? First, the cells near the cut get bigger and move into the gap; Next, these bigger cells meet in the middle. They form a new layer (层) of skin cells. Finally, new cells will grow until the gap disappears completely. In this way, your skin can grow well itself.
How amazing the tiny cells are! Next time you have a cut, don’t worry about it. Maybe in a few days, you will be surprised to find it healed.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
( ) 46. The underlined word “gaps” in the passage means “____________” in Chinese.
A. 突起 B.条纹 C.缝隙
( ) 47. From the passage, we know that cells ____________.
A. are large and we can see them with our bodies
B. can grow and make new cells
C. aren’t in most living things
( ) 48. Skin cells heal cuts in three steps. ________ is the right order.

( ) 49. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Each person can make 18 kg of skin cells every day.
B. Different cells have different uses in our bodies. [来源:Z,xx,k.Com]
C. The skin cells have little work to do in the body.
( ) 50. The best title for this passage should be ____________.
A. HOW SKIN CELLS HEAL CUTS
B. THE IMPORTANCE OF SKIN
C. HOW TO PROTECT OUR FINGERS

（咸宁 2010）B
What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go.
The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. In the future, digital(数字的) newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel(燃料). Coal, natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy(能源).
Schools will go electronic(电子化). Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail. And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.
56. More than 2 billion people have a hard time returning home during .
A. Christmas Day B. National Day
C. the Spring Festival D. the Mid-autumn Festival
57. The newspapers will disappear
A. in 28 years B. by 2020 C. by 2053 D. in 33 years
58. is not mentioned in the passage as sources of energy.
A. Coal B. Wind C. Nuclear power D. Water
59. From the passage we can know in the future.
A. the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem
B. 90% of the population will live in the city
C. robot teachers will check homework
D. readers can discuss topics with each other through Internet
60. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? .
A. Schools will go electronic B. Computers will be important
C. There will be robot teachers D. School buses will be like spaceships
（宜昌 2010）B
Every morning, the newspaper chief editor(主编) holds a meeting with the reporters. They discuss the main events(事件) of the day. Reporters are then sent to cover the events.
As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work. They telephone people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview with them. Sometimes they do telephone interviews. Checking information is very important. They go to the newspaper’s own library to look up any information that they need. This is called “doing one’s homework”.
At the same time, the picture editor decides which photographs will be used for the next day’s paper. All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast. Reporters have to stop working on one story and start working at once on the important new one. They must find out the new information as quickly as possible. Later in the day, everything is put together at the news desk. Reporters return, type their stories into the computer and hand them to the editor.
The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. Sometimes this will have to be changed if something more important happens late in the day. Other editors read the stories which the reporters have written and make any necessary changes.
Finally, there is no more time left for adding new stories, and the time for printing(印刷) the newspaper has come. This is done on fast-moving printing machines. The newspapers are then delivered(发送) by truck, plane or rail. Speed is important. People want to buy the latest newspaper; nobody wants to buy yesterday’s.
61. What is the work in a newspaper office like?
A. Interesting and confusing B. Important and patient.
C. Particular and necessary. D. Fast and busy.
62. According to the passage, the right order for a reporter’s work is ____________.
a. writing stories b. doing interviews c. joining in a discussion
d. doing homework e. handing stories to the editor
A. cbade B. cdeab C. cbdae D. cadbe
63. The front page contents(内容) are decided by ___________.
A. the importance of the events B. how well the stories are written
C. the knowledge of the chief editor D. whether they are the latest
64. Word editors’ work is to ____________.
A. help the chief editor with the morning discussion
B. decide when and how the papers can be printed
C. read the stories and make necessary changes
D. get together information from reporters and photographers
65. The best title for this passage is “____
A. How a newspaper is produced B. How newspapers are delivered
C. What kind of papers readers like D. Whose work is more important
（常州 2010）B
Cats are the most popular pets among Americans. So it is not surprising that there are a lot of expressions about cats. Some cats lik