探究式学习在高中英语学习中的应用.docx

探究式学习在高中英语学习中的应用
探究式学习是什么样的学习？这是我们首先必须清楚的。
探究式学习是以学生独立自主学习和合作讨论为前提，提供自由表达、质疑、探究、讨论问题的机会，让学生通过个人、小组、集体等多种活动，将自己所学的知识应用于实际问题的一种学习形式。它能够开发学生的智力、发展创造性思维，培养学习能力，是中学英语教学中很有效的一种教学模式。
我们如何根据高中英语教材编排合理的应用探究式学习，使之更好地服务于每一位学习者，从而收到更大的成效呢？
下面我以高中英语必修I第一单元Friendship为例，来谈一谈个人拙见，还请同行批评指正。
人教版教材的基本单元结构为：warming up、pre-reading、reading、comprehending、learning about language、using language、summing up 和 learning tip八个大部分，其中learning about language又包括discovering useful words and expressions 和 discovering useful structures 两个部分；using language 又包括 listening、reading and discussing 和 speaking and writing三个部分。
根据教材的编排以及课时安排每单元准备六个课时
课时一：预习课型中的探究
本课型为大预热、大预习课型。教学目的是以阅读为课堂学习活动形式，要求学生在语境中查找生词、短语并猜测词义以初步感知词汇；观察并发现整个单元出现的新的功能项目；了解新的语法项目；为深入阅读消除所有语言障碍，藉此培养学生在语境中猜测和感知生词的能力以及观察与发现问题的能力从而为进一步实施探究式英语教学奠定良好的基础。要求学生课前不要预习，不要查阅生词表和课文注释。以这种方式处理单元所有语篇的阅读语言障碍。学习形式可以采用独立自主学习、小组学习以及班级学习相结合的模式，灵活运用取长补短。
一）词汇：先找生词再猜词义，查词义并校对。add point upset ignore calm concern loose cheat reason list share feeling Netherlands German outdoors crazy nature purpose dare thunder entirely power according trust indoors suffer teenager advice questionnaire quiz situation editor communicate habit
add up calm down have got to be concerned about walk the dog go through hide away
set down a series of on purpose in order to face to face according to get along with fall in love
join in
二) 功能：观察与发现新的句式，尝试造句以掌握新的句式。
1.态度(attitudes)
Are you afraid that---?
I’ve grown so crazy about---
I didn’t dare---
2. 同意和不同意agreement and disagreement）
I agree. I think so. Exactly.
I don’t agree. I don’t think so. I’m afraid not.
3.肯定程度（certainty）
That’s correct. Of course not.
三）语法：直接引语和间接引语观察句子注意划线部分的变化，理解并掌握新的语法。
(1): 陈述句和疑问句
陈述句
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.” Said Anne.
----Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
一般疑问句
He asked, “Are you leaving tonight?”
---He asked us whether we were leaving that night.
特殊疑问句
“When did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne.
--- Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.
教学过程：
1、 先看标题，预测文章内容。教师引导学生借助文章标题及“Warming-up”中的图画和其他相关材料，调动大脑中已储存与之相关的图式，积极预测文章内容。学生可以运用大脑风暴法、小组讨论方式进行，教师快速检查后引入正题。对于学生遇到困难教师给出及时有效的帮助，师生共同完成词汇学习。
2、第一遍阅读。学生自读，不做限时要求，边读边划边猜测。阅读完毕，要在“课堂学习记录纸”上记录初步猜出词义的词汇。检查学习活动时，教师要引导学生交流猜测词义的心得和体会。
3、第二遍阅读。学生以小组的形式进行交流互动阅读，通过讨论阅读在语境中再解决一部分词语，并整理在“课堂学习记录纸”上。这个过程学生要相互讨论，交流阅读猜测词义的方法和心得。
4、第三遍阅读。要求学生借助词典，查阅剩余障碍词语的英文释义，并记录在“课堂学习记录纸”上。也可以利用查出的英文释义，依据对课文的整体理解进行词语与释义的配对猜测练习，以此来解决所有的语言障碍，为下一节课详细阅读打好基础。
课时二：阅读课型中的探究
在本课内，教师可以根据单元语篇的长短和难易有目的的合并阅读教学。教学目的是关注文章的结构、作者的观点态度、写作意图和行文的语言特点。设计一些能引领学生思维、深入文章意境、激发学生欣赏语言的开放性问题来深入阅读文章。变控制性阅读为开放式阅读，变粗放式阅读为经济型阅读，变单一型检测式阅读为讨论式、辩论式和汇报式阅读。
教学过程：
1、 布置整体阅读，设置语篇整体理解的问题。让学生在阅读的过程中探究答案。

2、 段落阅读和句句阅读。教师要引导学生获取语篇基本词汇信息，探究完成词汇应用练习；教师要引导学生挖掘结构层次，探究作者观点态度，赏悟和提炼特色语言。
Example1. Discovering useful words and expressions
Complete the following sentences, using words and expressions from Reading
1) She has grown _______ about computer games.
2) Was it an accident or did David do it on _______?
3) From the beginning ,Paul made it clear that he would be ______ (完全地)in control.
4) He used to work _______ even in the middle of winter.
5) Just the _______ of more food made her feel sick.
6) You had better have a _________ talk with him.
7) Born in a poor family, the manager _________ lots of hardships in his childhood.

8) A diary is often kept to ________ what happens in people’s daily lives.
Example 2. Talking about friends and friendship
1. There are many proverbs about friends and friendship. Choose the one you agree with and explain why, then choose one you disagree with and explain why.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Friends are like wine; the older, the better.
A friend to all is a friend to none.
The same man cannot be both friend and flatterer(阿谀奉承者).
False friends are worse than open enemies.
Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light.
2. We have talked about friends and friendship today, can you write one or two sentences to express your understanding of friends and friendship.
3、教师可以在这个过程中有侧重的解释一部分重点词汇。可采用“一词多义例句对应”式的解释方法。
例如：
千万不要"忽视" ignore
[例句] 猜猜下列句子中ignore的含义。
1. It is a question that cannot be ignored.
2. The driver ignored the warning sign and did not stop the bus to the hill.
3. Because he doesn’t like me he ignores me when we meet.

[点拨] ignore主要用作及物动词，意为“忽视；忽略；不理睬”。
[联想] ignorant adj. 无知的 ignorance n. 无知；不了解
[拓展] be ignorant of / about... 对……不了解，不知道
(in) ignorance of 对……不了解，不知道
[小试] 翻译下列句子。
1. 这些男孩如此无礼，我们决定不理睬他们了。
2. 忽视他们的建议是错误的。
3. 他对法语一点儿也不了解。
4. 他们忽视英语是没有任何理由的。

Key:
1. The boys were so rude that we decided to ignore them.
2. It would be a mistake to ignore their advice.
3. He is quite ignorant of / about French.
/ He is in complete ignorance of French.
4. There is no excuse for their ignorance of English.
Communicate
communicate用作动词时，可以是不及物动词，意为“交流思想；联系”，多用于communicate with sb.结构；也可以是及物动词，表示“传达”，多用于communicate sth. to sb. / sth.结构。如：
The two friends haven’t communicated with each other for years. 这两个朋友有多年没联系了。
I asked your sister to communicate my wishes to you.
我拜托你姐姐转达我对你的祝福。
★其名词形式为communication，意思是“交流；通讯；消息”。如：
Speech is the fastest method of communication between people. 言语是人与人之间最快捷的交流方式。
Radio and television are important means of communication.
无线电和电视是重要的通讯手段。
While he was in Australia， his family received no communication from him.
他在澳大利亚期间，他的家人没有收到他的消息。
[小试] 翻译下列句子。
1. 我们可以通过电话与世界上大多数地区的人们进行交流。
2. 他们计划建立他们之间的无线电通讯联系。
in order to
[观察]
1. He got up very early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.
2. In order to catch the first bus he got up very early.
3. He works very hard in order to / so as to support his family.
4. Turn the volume down in order not to / so as not to wake the child.
[归纳] in order to 意为 “为了……”，表示目的；在用法和意义上相当于so as to结构，但是in order to结构可以用于句首、句中，而so as to多用于句中。其否定式分别为：in order not to 和so as not to。
[拓展] in order to和so as to在句中表示目的时，常可以转化成in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句。如:
We should work hard in order to / so as to pass the exam.
→ We should work hard in order that / so that we can pass the exam.
为了能通过考试，我们应该努力学习。
[小试] 翻译下面的句子。
1. He went there early so as to / in order to get a good seat.
He went there early so that / in order that he could get a good seat.
2. In order not to wake the baby we went in quietly.
Key:
1. 他去得早，以便找到个好座位。
2. 为了不惊醒小孩，我们轻轻地走了进去。

课时三：语言知识课型中的探究
引导学生结合“Learning about language”的内容，依据话题梳理、提取和归纳语篇中的语言知识：词汇、短语和典型句式结构。
教学过程：
1、整理语言知识。
2、强化巩固和初步运用语言知识。
适合语言知识强化巩固的练习形式有：⑴ 依据课文完成句子；
⑵ 自由选择填空练习；

⑶ 话题造句练习：用以下句式编简单对话。
1.态度(attitudes)
Are you afraid that---?
I’ve grown so crazy about---
I didn’t dare---
2. 同意和不同意（agreement and disagreement）
I agree. I think so. Exactly.
I don’t agree. I don’t think so. I’m afraid not.
3.肯定程度（certainty）
That’s correct. Of course not.
⑷ 话题语段生成小练笔等。把自己以上编的简短对话中值得保留的一个或几个写下来。
课时四：应用阅读课型中的探究
“应用阅读课”可以根据语言材料的难易来决定略读还是详读，同时要考虑安排发现和学习指向话题的语言知识地语言练习活动。教师可以处理“Using language”的语篇，设计与单元主题相关的听力训练活动和口语活动。
课时五：应用写作课型中的探究
以My best friend 为题描述自己的一位好朋友，字数不限，可自由发挥。先个人完成之后再集体交流。
课时六：综合巩固课型中的探究

Book 1 Unit 1 Friendship 练习题
1. add vt./vi
add up sth. =add sth. up 把…加起来add to sth. 增添、加某事物
add…to… 把…加到…里 add up to=amount to 共计，总计
① If you ____ 5_____3 you will get 8.
② This bad weather ________ our difficulties.
③ His whole school education _______________ no more than one year.
2. point n./v.
There is no point （in） doing sth. 做…没用，无意义
at/on the point of … 就要…的时候
point at/to…指向… point sth. at/ towards sb./ sth.
① 我们正要离开这时你们来了。 We were __________________ leaving when you came.
② 我们赢（输）了5分。We won (lost) the game ____ 5 _________
③ Can you tell us the main _______ of the story?
④ “That’s the man who did it,” she said, ________________ me.
⑤ The robber _______a gun ________ the bank clerk.
3. concern vt. /n.
be concerned about/for 关心 as concerns=concerning (prep.)关于
as/so far as…be concerned 就…而言 concerned adj. 有关的担心的
① 就英语而言，他是我们班最好的
_______________________________, he is first in our class.
② I am living in school, and mother _____________________me.
③ He doesn’t bother about things that don’t ____________ him.
④ Present at the meeting were leading members of the departments ____________.
⑤ This book deals with questions _________Anti-Japanese War.
4. share v/n
① Let Tom play with your toys as well, Clare---you must learn to__
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
② Culture refers to a group or community ___we share common experiences that shape the way we understand the world.
A. with which B. that C. which D. what
③ 我不得不与家里人共用一个浴室。I have to ___________ the bathroom _________ the rest of the family.
④ 他是唯一的一位与我的观点相同的人。 He is the only person who __________my opinion.
5. reason n.+ for/to do sth. for the reason of….
① This is the reason ____he explained to me just now.
A. why B. which C. because D. about which
② The reason _ he is late is _ there was a breakdown on the railway.
A. why; why B. because; that C. that; because D. why; that
③ Give your reason _____changing the plan.
6. go through sth.经历忍受或遭受…；被正式通过或接受;仔细检查；（书） 发行次数；用光或消耗…
get through 穿过；（使）通过；使（读）完;接通
① Two months later, the law _________________.
② I rang you several times but couldn’t ______________.
③ I have ____________ all my pockets but I can’t find my keys.
④ The dictionary has ____________________ ten editions.
⑤ When you _____________ with your work, let’s go out.
7. join ; join in ; take part in; attend
① Will you ________ the lecture on science?
② Would you like to _______ us ___ playing football?
③ After ____________ the League, he often helps others.
④ She ______________ the music competition.
⑤ We _______ a country club that year.
⑥ We’re going to visit the flower show tomorrow. Will you ____ us?
⑦ The boy ________ the English Evening and had a good time.
⑧ He didn’t _________ school yesterday because of his illness.
8. Put away the tools after work, will you? ________________
He puts away part of his wages each month. ________________
She put away the idea of going home. ________________
He put away his wife without good reasons. ________________
9. ① --- Is it high time we ______ to school?
---Oh, it’s seven o’clock. Let’s go.
A. will go B. shall go C. went D. would go
② 这是她第一次跟英国人交谈
③每次我见到他，他总是在备课。
______________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________.
10. It is/was + 被强调部分+that/who+其他成分
① It was 8 o’clock _____ I went back home last night.
A. that B. when C. which D. what
② __________you missed such a fine lecture? A. How it was that B. It was how that C. How was it that D. Was it how that
③ I just wonder _______ that makes you so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
④ It was not until she got home __ Mary realized she had lost her keys. A. that B. when C. where D. before
Keys to Exx
1 add … to / added to / added up to
2 on the point of / by…points / pointing at /pointed …at
3 As far as English is concerned / is concerned about / concern / concerned / concerning
4 D / A / share … with / shares
5 B / D/ for
6 went through / get through / gone through / gone through / get through
7 attend / join…in / joining / took part in / joined / join / attended / attend
8 把…收起来 / 储存 / 放弃 / 抛弃
9 It is the first time that she has talked with an English man / Every time I see him ,he is always preparing his lessons.
10 B / C / D / A

综上述，我们可以根据英语课程内容，随时灵活应用探究式学习，紧密结合课本知识充分调动学生的学习积极性，把探究式学习的优势，充分地在高中英语教学中发挥出来！