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1、森林分为以下五类： The forests are divided into the following five categories: （一） 防护林：以防护为主要的目的的森林、林木和灌木丛，包括水源涵养林，水土保持林，防风固少林，农田、牧场防护林，护岸林，护路林； (1) Protection forests: forests, trees and bushes mainly aimed at protection, inclusive of water source storage forests, forests for water and soil conservation
2、 wind protection and sand bind forests, forests for farmland and grassland protection, river bank protective belts and road protection belts; （二） 用材林：以生产木材为主要目的的森林和林木，包括以生产竹材为主要目的的竹林； (2) Timber stands: forests and trees mainly at timber production, inclusive of bamboo groves mainly aimed at bam
3、boo production; （三） 经济林：以生产果品，食用油料、饮料、调料，工业原料和药材等为主要目的的林木； (3) Economic forests: trees mainly aimed at the production of fruits; edible oils, soft drinks and ingredients; industrial raw materials; and medicinal materials; （四） 薪炭林：以生产燃料为主要目的的林木； 4) Firewood forests: trees mainly aimed at the pr
4、oduction of fuels; （五） 特种用途林：以国防、环境保护、科学实验等为主要目的的森林和林木，包括国防林、实验林、母树林、环境保护林、风景林，名胜古迹和革命纪念地的林木，自然保护区的森林。 5) Forests for special uses: forests and trees mainly aimed at national defense, environmental protection and scientific experiments, inclusive of national defense forests, experimental forests,
5、 parent stands, environmental protection forests, scenic beauty forests, trees for sites of historical interests and the forests of natural protection areas. The Ministry of Forestry 林业部 collective tree farms 集体林场 forest farm/lands 林场／地 forest resources 森林资源 forest development 林业发展 develo
6、p forestry 发展林业 ban forest 禁伐林 lose off the afforested bills and protect the trees 封山育林 enclose the hills for natural afforestation 封山育林 grow saplings 培育树苗 reach afforestation standards 达到绿化标准 the forest cover rate/the tree cover 森林覆盖率 forests will cover 森林覆盖 the amount of tree and grass cov
7、erage increased 植被面积增加了 the average coverage of forest for each person 人均森林面积占有量 conserve water and soil 保持水土 provide shelter belts for farmland 保护农田 curb the sand 防止风沙 regulate climate 调节气候 improve weather condition 改善气候条件 play a vital role 起关键作用 turn back the advancing of desert 阻止沙丘前进 ha
8、lt soil erosion slow down 防止土壤流失 help the soil hold water 有利于保墒 halt desertification 防止沙化 prevent water loss and soil erosion 防止水土流失 absorb dioxide and produce oxygen 吸收二氧化碳,放出氧气. Provide/supply large quantities of timber 提供大量木材 --- cubic metres of timber ----立方米木材 be ready to cut for timber
9、10 years after planting 种植十年即可采伐 timber resources 木材资源 the consumption of timber 木材消耗 due to a deteriorating ecological environment 由于生态环境恶化 by poor management 由于管理不善 trees withered or died 树木枯死 forest fires 森林火灾 fell trees and burn grass 砍树木烧荒 overuse 过分放牧 excessive tree felling 树木砍伐过量 th
10、e growing of forest resources reserves if behind consumption 备用林生长低于消耗 because of constant loss of trees 由于树林不断减少 suffer damage from rats and other pests 遭受鼠害和其它病虫害 non-forested area 无林区 the worsening of environment 环境恶化 soil erosion 土壤流失 --- mu of eroded land 流失土地----亩 at a pace of ---- mu e
11、ach year 每年以---亩的速度流失 harsh climate 气候恶劣 awful weather 气候恶劣 vile weather 气候恶劣 dry climate 干旱的气候 lack of rainfall 缺雨 rivers die out 河流干涸 the grassland diminishes 草原变少 cause pasture to deteriorate at a rate of ----造成草原以---亩的速度下降 be worn away by wind and sandstorms 被风沙暴吞食 grass for animal fee
12、d deteriorated 牧草减少 The sand heaped into dunes 沙子堆成山 the advance of sand 沙丘的推进 shifting sand burying crops 移动的沙子埋掉庄稼 shifting dunes and sand 移动的沙丘与沙子 annihilate---mu of cultivated land 吞掉---亩良田 clouds of dust 尘土遮天 deteriorate the environment 环境恶化 reduce soil moisture 降低土地壤保墒 strengthen the
13、management of forests 加强森林管理 plant trees 植树 concede the land to forestry 退耕还林 tree nursery 苗圃 seedling nursery 苗圃 botanical garden 植物园 select fine seed strains 选良种 selection of good tree seeds 选良种 cultivate strong saplings/cultivation of strong saplings 培育强健树苗 speed the growth of the fore
14、sts 加速森林成长 lay out young trees 抚育幼苗 grow saplings 培育树苗 breed new varieties of trees 培育树木新品种 young plantation 人工幼林 raise seedlings and care of trees 育苗护林 protect forests 护林 combat forest fires 防火林 air seeding 空播 sow tree seeds by plane 空播 sow tree seeds from aircraft 空播 by artificial seedi
15、ng 人工播种 survival rate 成活率 pass appraisal by ---- 通过 ----的鉴定 the forest store 森林储备 shelter belts of protect farmland 护田林 shelter belts to protect the head-waters of rivers 水源防护林 shelter belts to protect sea coasts 海防林 natural forests 自然林 auxiliary forest belt 主林带 a network of forests 森林网 tr
16、ees of economic value 经济林 forests for timber 木材林 oil-yielding trees 油料林 fast-growing and high-yielding forests 高产速成林 Afforestion:造林 age class：龄级 artificial regeneration：人工更新 basal area breast height：胸高段面积
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