形容词、副词的比较级、最高级讲解及练习.doc

形容词、副词比较级和最高级

一、 变化形式
1.规则变化：
1) 加er, est:great, small, clean, fast, long
The bus runs fast.
The car runs faster than the bus.
The racing car runs fastest of the three.
2) 以e结尾的直接加r: late, fine, nice, wide, large
Tom goes to school late.--Jim goes to school later than Jim.--Kate goes to school latest in her class.
3) 辅音字母加y结尾的, 把y变i加er, est: busy, easy, funny, heavy
Mr monkey is busy-Mr duck is busier than Mr monkey.-Mr cat is the busiest of all the animals.
4) 元音加辅音结尾的，双写辅音字母加er, est: sad, hot, big, red, fat, thin
Lily is sad-Lucy is sadder than lily.-Kate is the saddest in the family.
5) 其他多音节词在前面加more,the most: beautiful, careful, difficult, delicious, tired, pleased
Which is the most important invention?I think TV is important,I think fridge is more important than TV.-I think computer is the most important invention.
6) 有些形容词没有比较级:right, wrong, favourite
7) 比较级用much a little修饰，最高级用of, in
2. 不规则变化：
Good-better-best;bad-worse-worst;much/many-more-most;little-less-least;old-older/elder;far
As...as/not so ...as/not as...as
This building looks not so (as) high as that one．
Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．
This room is three times as large as that one.

二、比较级的用法
1. 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示．例如：
This pen is better than that one.
2. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示．例如：
This room is less beautiful than that one．
3. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰．例如：
He works even harder than before．
注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如：
She is better than she was yesterday．她比昨天好些了．
Please come earlier tomorrow． 请明天早点来．
注意：by far通常用于强调最高级．用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”．如
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
4. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构．例如：The harder he works，the happier he feels．
5. 不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构．例如：
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful．
6. 某些以or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than．(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等．例如：
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
7. 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
8. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如；
The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])．
B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as
B．例如：
Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大．(亚洲比欧洲大三倍．)
C) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．

例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours，
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍．(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大．)
用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数．表示两倍可以用 twice或 double
三、最高级的用法
1. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the十最高级”的结构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语．例如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three．
He works (the) hardest in his class.
2. 最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not
really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如：
This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest．
How much did the second most expensive hat coat?
3. 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级．
4. 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略．
He is the tallest(boy) in his class．
5. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词．例如
0f all the boys he came(the) earliest．

比较级、最高级练习
一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：
1. nice ______________________ 2. fat ____________________3. slow __
4. dry ____________________5. happy ____________________ 6. wet ____________________
7. much ____________________ 8. ill _____________________9. little _____________________
10. bad ___________________11. thin ______________________ 12. far ____________________
13. early _____________________ 14. careful_________________
15. exciting ___________________
16. busy __________________

二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：
1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian.
3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______(fat) than before .
4.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken?
5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling?
-- She' s only 1.40 metres ________(tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.
6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.
7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.
8.He is one of the_______ __(friendly) people in the class, I think.
9. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.
10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
11. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
12. Sue is a little _________ __ (beautiful) than her sister.
13.My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.
14.--How difficult is physics? --I' m not sure.
-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths? -- I don' t think so.
15.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _______(well).
16. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
17. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
18. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
19. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.
20.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.
21. Your classroom is __________(wide) and ___________(bright) than ours.
22. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays(现在) English is ________ ( important ) than any other subject.
25. Most of the students think a lion is much _____ ___(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _______ ___ (dangerous) animal in the world.
26. Mr. Smith is _________ man in this office. (rich)
27. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold)
28.This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap)
29. It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot)
30. She is a little ____ ____ than her classmates. (careful)
31. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)
32. Which book is ________, this one or that one? (easy)
33. My room is _______ than yours. (small)
34. Hainan is _______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)
35. Skating is ____ ___ than swimming. (exciting)
36. Jim is ____ ___ than all the others. (honest)
37. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)
38. The higher you climb, the ______it will be. (cold)
39. Now his life is becoming________ and _____ __. (difficult)
40. There are _______ boys than girls in our class (few)
练习
一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级
old__________ young________ tall_______ long________
short________ strong________ big________ small_______
fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light________
nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________
low__________ high_________ slow_______ fast________
late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______
二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：
1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.
2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.
3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.
4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.
5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.
6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.
7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.
8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____.
9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls.
10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she)..
11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig?
12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom?
13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.
14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).
15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.
三、翻译句子：
1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。
________ is _________than Jim？ ________ are
2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.
________ _________ than David? Gao Shan ________.
3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。
_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.
4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。
_________ apples ________ ________,your _______ or your _______?
My ____________ ___________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。
_________ ________as _________as your uncle? Yes,I am.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He _______ as __________ as ________ ________ Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。
________ _____ as _________ as______ twin _______?
No, _________ _________ than him.
8.多做运动，你会更强壮。
________ more exercise,you’ll ________ _________ soon.
9.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。
I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese.
10. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。
____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.
11.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
I like_______.All my______ _______ _______than me.
12.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My_____ _____ up _____than me.
13.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。
____the girls______ ______ ______the boys? Yes,they ____.
14.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。
She doesn’t ____ _____ in PE. But I don’t _ _____than_____.
15.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。
___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.
16．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。
My_____ _____ ______than my ______.
17.她的毛衣和我的一样重。
_____sweater_____ as_______as_____.
18.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。
My dress_____ too_____. I want to _____a______one.
19. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)
I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .