全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题.doc

2010年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试模拟试题（理工类）考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题l分，共15分） 下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 It is irritating to be forced to listen to such silly conversation. A chilly B annoying C accessory D furtive2 Many of novelist Carson McGullers characters are isolated, disappointed people. A solitary B grumpy C feeble D frugal3 One-room schoolhouses can still be found in isolated areas of North America. A bare B deprived C remote D developed4 The benzene molecule contains six carbon atoms joined together in the form of a six-sided ring. A represented B connected C contained D included5 The old car jolted along the country road at a snails pace. A rode B dawdled C honked D bounced6 Literary historians believe Emily Dickinson had a lonely existence, finding joy only in her poetry. A friendship B happiness C expression D interest7 Justices of the peace have jurisdiction over the trials of some civil suits and of criminal cases involving minor offenses. A supremacy B authority C guidance D obedience8 Maine is justly famous, for its beautiful lakes and ponds. A only B rightfully C legally D simply9 In some libraries young people can check out ten juvenile hooks at one time. A adventure B large-print C hardcover D childrens10 Cough syrups and cold remedies that are manufactured with alcohol will last much longer than those prepared with water. A float B finish C remain effective D be prescribed11 The works of Walt Whitman had a lasting effect on the development of modern American poetry. A an enduring B an unknown C a startling D a final12 Not until his play Beyond the Horizon was produced wag Eugene ONeill lauded as the foremost creative American playwright. A compensated B secretly named C given preference D praised13 A prominent advocate of woman suffrage. Susan B. Anthony lectured throughout the Unites States for the cause of womens rights. A raised money B arranged meetings C wrote articles D gave speeches14 Helen Kellers achievements as an author and lecturer were an inspiration to millions. A editor B director C correspondent D speaker15 A corporation is a business organization that is formed to act as a single person and is legally endowed with particular rights and duties. A by word B by law C laudably D liberally第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题l分，共7分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Dining Custom Every land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6 : 30, the hostess expects him to be there at 6 : 30 or not more than a few minutes after. Be-cause she usually does her own cooking, she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late，the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time，he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come. As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman un-less the woman is much older. When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them. Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however, use them in the orderin which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which is often served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup, and so on. Sometimes there is a separate little knife, called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed, each guest puts his piece on the bread-and-butter plate.16 As a country of immigrants, the U.S. does not have its own dining customs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The guest is expected to arrive on time because the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time he is required to come. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 A woman usually rises when she is being introduced to an aged gentleman. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 At a dinner table, it is customary for the men to arrange chairs for ladies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 At formal American dinner, the knives, forks, and spoons beside the plate are placed in a certain order. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 The right order to use the knives, forks and spoons at a formal dinner is from the left to the right. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 At a formal dinner, bread is usually served together with salad and soup. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题l分，共8分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Paris1 Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nations population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as thesite for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nations activities.2 Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the l9th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived.3 The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than l00 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world.4 In the late l980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately l.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late l980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world.5 Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment.23 Paragraph 2 _24 Paragraph 3 _25 Paragraph 4 _26 Paragraph 5 _A History of the cityB Industries of the cityC Population growthD EducationE Cultural centerF Immigration27 Paris has in history been the center of _.28 Since the 10th century, the population of Paris _.29 Many valuable works of art _.30 Paris is not only the center of education of France, but also the center _.A can be found in ParisB the major events of the nationC of the countrys industriesD a lot of cinemas and theatresE has been growing steadilyF has been decreasing rapidly第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Cultural CodeEvery culture attempts to create a universe of discourse for its members. a way in which people can interpret their experience and convey it to one another. Without a common system of codifying sensations, life would be absurd and all efforts to share meanings doomed to failure. This universe of discourseone of the most precious of all cultural legaciesistransmitted to each generation in part consciously and in part unconsciously. Parents and teachers give explicit instruction in it by praising or criticizing certain ways of dressing, of thinking, of gesturing, of responding to the acts of others. But the most significant aspects of any cultural code may be conveyed implicitly, not by rule or lesson but through modeling behavior. The child is surrounded by others who, through the mere consistency of their actions as males and females, mothers and fathers, salesclerks and policemen, display what is appropriate behavior. Thus the grammar of any culture is sent and received largely unconsciously, making ones own cultural assumptions and biases difficult to recognize. They seem so obviously right that they require no explanation.In The Open and Closed Mind, Milton Rokeach poses the problem of cultural understanding in its simplest form, but one that can readily demonstrate the complication of communication between cultures. It is called the Denny Doodlebug Problem. Readers are given all the rules that govern this culture: Denny is an animal that always faces North, and can move only by jumping; he can jump large distances or small distances, but can change direction only after jumping four times I any direction; he can jump North, South, East or West, but not diagonally. Upon concluding a jump ms master places some food three feet directly West of him. Surveying the situation, Denny concludes he must jump four times to reach the food. No mote or less. And he is right. All the reader has to do is to explain the circumstances that make his conclusion correct.The large majority of people who attempt this problem fail to solve it, despite the fact that they are given all the rules that control behavior in this culture. If there is difficulty in getting inside the simplistic world of Denny Doodlebugwhere the cultural code has already been broken and handed to usimagine the complexity of comprehending behavior in societies whose codes have to yet been deciphered. And where even those who obey these codes are only vaguely aware and can rarely describe the underlying sources of their own actions.31 We acquire the greater part of our cultural codes by _.A creating a universe of discourseB imitating the behavior of others, especially those of the previous generationC sharing the same experiences with other peopleD taking in the various information were given with no discrimination32 What does the grammar of any culture refer to in the first paragraph? _A The grammatical rules in the language used by the largest population in a culture.B Rules in a culture that can be modeled on by another culture.C Any rules that people in a culture receive throughout his life time.D Rules and codes that shape ones cultural perspective and behavior.33 By reading The Open and Closed Mind, we may_.A find a way of solving the Denny Doodlebug problemB realize how little we know about the complexity of human behaviorC bring to light codes of some societies which we didnt know beforeD be aware of the difficulties of communications between different cultures34 It can be inferred from the passage that _.A in some societies, peoples behaviors are not governed by cultural codesB there are still societies whose cultural codes still remain a mystery to usC once people accept a cultural code, theyll have a full understanding of their behaviorD The Open and Closed Mind exerts great impact on peoples behavior35 Which one of the following statements about cultural code is TRUE? _A People in the same society may be governed by different cultural codes.B Cultural codes are passed on from one generation to another either in written form or in oral form or in both.C Cultural codes in different cultures may differ sharply from one another.D The influence of cultural codes on an individual may decrease as he becomes older.第二篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.“The main goal., should be to provide the United States with multiple alternatives and substantial public involvement in an open siting and design process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,” the authors write.Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nation s northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their pa