学案：Unit1Friendship.doc

Unit 1 Friendship
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单词 n. German, point, loose, reason, list, feeling, purpose, thunder, power, teenager, advice, situation, editor, habit, series, nature,
v. add upset ignore calm concern share dare trust suffer communicate cheat adv. accordingly
短语 add up , calm down , have got to, be concerned about, go through, a series of, on purpose , in order to , face to face , according to , get along with, fall in love , join in
句型 1. not until / till 2. should have done 3. It is / was + 被强调部分+ that / who 4. happen to
5. It is / was the first time (that ) … 6. have … trouble with … 7. could never have done
功能 1 态度 2 同意和不同意 3 肯定程度
语法 直接引语和间接引语
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Section I warming up
要点解读
I Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来，看看得分有多少。
add up = add together 加起来，合计
Add up these numbers and write down your answer.
Cao Chong wrote down the weight of each stone and then _____________ all the weights.
曹冲击下了每一块石头的重量，然后合计了所有石头的重量。
add 构成的短语归纳：
1． add … to … 加……, 往... 添加…
If you add 5 to 3, you’ll get 8. Would you like to add anything to what I have said.
2． add to 增加，增添（其宾语多为困难、欢乐、麻烦等抽象名词）
His illness added to the family’s trouble.
3． add up to 合计达，总共有… His whole income adds up to $ 10 000 a month.
即时操练：
1. Please __________ the numbers and I’m sure they will ______________ more than 1000.
2. The bad weather ________ the difficulty of building the road.
3. The soup tastes a little salty, please _____ some water to it. A. take B. place C. add D. lay
II … but your friend can’t go until he/ she finishes cleaning the bicycle.
但你的朋友直到清洗完自行车才能走。
until prep. & conj. 一直到……, 直到… …才……
1. 观察下列句子：
I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.
I stayed awake until half past eleven. I waved until her bus was out of sight.
归纳：
① until 用在肯定句中，其前的谓语动词为_________ 动词，表示该动作一直持续到until 所引导的时间为止。
② until 用在否定句中，其前的谓语动词为_________ 动词, 译为“直到……才……”
2. until 还可用于强调句型“It is / was not until … that …”中。
It was not until you explained it to me that I understood the problem.
直到你给我解释了，我才明白这个问题。
3. not until 位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序。
Not until he tool off his sunglasses did I recognize him.
牛刀小试：试用not … until…的四种结构完成下面一句话。
他直到午夜才回来(come back)。
1. He ______________________ until midnight.
2. He _________________ until midnight.
3. It was ____________________ that he came back.
4. Not until midnight _______________ back.
III. His friend comes to school very upset. 他的朋友来到学校, 心烦意乱。
upset 为形容词，“心烦意乱的，不适的”，作伴随状语。
upset vt. 使不安, 使心烦, 打翻
He was very upset to hear that the holiday had been put off.
He was upset that you didn’t reply to his letters.
The news quite upset him. He was upset by his son’s accident.
Be careful not to upset the glass.
即时操练：
1. The news is ______, and it makes him ______.
A. upset; upset B. upsetting; upset C. upsetting; upsetting D. upset; upsetting
2. It still ______ him when he thinks about the accident.
IV. Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
别管铃声，找个安静的地方去安慰一下你的朋友。
ignore 不理睬，忽视
She can be really angry but I try to ignore her.
School rules are ignored by some students.
calm down 平静/平静下来
She was angry at first but we calmed her down in the end.
The sea calmed down after the storm.
即时操练：
1. Dennis _______ the warning and put his hand into the lion’s case.
2. She sat down and took a few deep breaths to ______ herself down.
3. I smiled at her but she just ______ me.
A. noticed B. looked C. ignored D. caught
V. You’ll tell your friend that you are concerned about him /her but you have to go to class.
你告诉你的朋友，你对他/她很关心，但是你得去上课。
be concerned about / for 关心……, 挂念……
He has never been concerned about what other people think of him.
I’m a bit _________ _________ (担心)your health.
be concerned 后面还可以跟that 从句或不定式to do.
Aren’t you concerned (that ) she might tell someone?
He was concerned to hear that two of his close workers were leaving.
concern vt. 令……担忧，与……有关
The state of my father’s health concerns us greatly
= We’re greatly concerned about /for the state of my father’s health.
It concerns me that he hasn’t been well.
= I _________________ that he hasn’t been well.
Matters of pollution and environment concern us all.
= ____________________matters of pollution and environment.
be concerned with 与......有关
He was concerned with that matter. = That matter concerned him.
即时操练：
1. You mustn’t ______ yourself about me.
A. think B. concern C. mind D. care
2. The fact that he spends so much money on her own really _____ us.
A. is concerned about B. is concerned C. concerns D. concerns with
3. Don’t worry. This matter doesn’t _____ you.
A. upset B. ignore C. suffer D. concern
4. Do you think he has something to do with the matter?
= Do you think he ______ ______ _______ the matter?
VI. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时，你很粗心，狗松开了，被车给撞了。
① while walking the dog 是while you were walking the dog 的省略。
观察下列句子：
While staying with us, he gave us some good advice.
If (it is ) necessary, we’ll have a meeting.
While (I was ) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
He often makes mistakes when (he is ) speaking English.
When asked what he was doing at 8 last night, he just didn’t answer.
结论： 当when, while, until, if, unless 等连词引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语______，或从句的主谓部分为_____________动词时，从句的主语及谓语（be动词）可省略。
② get loose 中，get 为系动词，后接形容词。
It is getting colder and colder.
He gets really upset if you talks about his family.
Is your cold getting any better?
即时操练：
1. _________ __________(当睡觉时)， he likes to keep the window open.
2. _________ __________(如果有可能)， I will go with you.
改错：
3. While worked in the factory, he got along well with his workmates.
4. When looking after, the baby never makes noises.
VII You will tell him / her that he / she should have studied, so you don’t let him / her look at your paper.
should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没做”，含有责备的意味。
You should have come here yesterday.
I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.
shouldn’t have done 则意思相反，表示“本不应该做某事，而事实上做了”。
He shouldn’t have gone without telling us. It was really rude.
I’m terribly sorry. I shouldn’t have shouted at you.
即时操练：
1． The teacher said to Tom: “You _________________________(本该交上) your homework yesterday.”
2． ______________________________(你本不应该嘲笑他的)，although he didn’t pass the test.
Section II Pre-reading & Reading
要点解读:
I. Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you. 列举出朋友对你重要的原因。
reason 理由、原因
We have no reason to believe him. These are our reasons for doing it.
The reason why we were late is that our car didn’t come.
reason的用法归纳：
作理由、原因解时，常接：
1）+ to do
2) + for 短语，表示“的理由/原因”
3）the reason why + 从句+ is that +从句 表示 “……的原因是因为……”
即时操练：
1. _______ some reason, he didn’t attend the meeting but we don’t know the reason _____ his being absent (缺席).
2. The reason _____ he was late today was ______ he didn’t catch the first bus.
II. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or just can’t understand what you are going through? 要么你担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，或不理解你所正在经历的。
go through 的用法：
1）= experience 经历，遭受。大多指痛苦的事情，这是它在文中的含义。
The country has gone through too many wars.
He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿意为他的祖国赴汤蹈火。
2）look at … carefully 仔细检查，审查
They went through our luggage at the customs. 在海关，他们仔细检查了我们的行李。
3）通过，穿过。其宾语常常是立体的东西。
Can the table go through the door? 这张桌子能过得了那扇门吗？
4) finish sth. or complete sth. 完成或做完某事
How long will it take you to go through the book? 看完这本书得花费你多长时间？
即时操练：
1. After what he’s _______, the children are more kind to him.
A. looked through B. got through C. gone through D. let through
2. Remember to go ___________ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine.
3. We were all happy when we heard that you’d __________________________(通过了考试).
III. I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记录下一连串的事实。
1. set down 记下，记载，写下； 放下，搁下
The telephone number is set down in his notebook.
Try to _______________what the teacher says.
The taxi set us down a long way from our hotel, and we had to walk.
2. a series of 一连串的，一系列的
There will be a series of football games next month. 下个月将有一连串的足球比赛。
a series of meetings / exams / textbooks 一系列的会议/一连串的考试 / 一套教科书
two series of stamps 两套邮票 [温馨提示] series 的单复数同形
IV. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
本句主句为 I wonder if …, if 引导的宾语从句是强调句型，被强调的成分是原因状语从句。
1． 强调句型
① 强调句型的构成： It is / was + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其余部分
对此句的划线部分进行强调: I came across them in the club two days ago.
It was I who came across them in the club two days ago.
It was them that I came across in the club two days ago.
It was in the club that I came across them two days ago.
It was two days ago that I came across them in the club.
被强调部分也可以是从句。
He went back to his hometown when the war was over.
It was when the war was over that he went back to his hometown.
牛刀小试：
分别强调划线部分：We had a meeting in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
→ It was _________ that / who had a meeting in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
→ It was ______________ that / who we had in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
→ It was ___________________ that / who we had a meeting yesterday afternoon.
→ It was ___________________ that / who we had a meeting in the meeting room.
温馨提示：
1） 被强调部分是人时，可用that或 who, 其他一律用that。
It was he who / that broke the window.
It was during the night that the accident happened.
2） 如果被强调的部分是原句的主语，that / who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上与原主语一致。
It was I who am wrong. It was he who has helped me.
② 把此句变为一般疑问句：It was in the club that I came across them two days ago.
→ ______ ____ in the club _______ you came across them two days ago?
把此句变为特殊疑问句：It was in the club that I came across them two days ago.
→ ______ _____ ______ _______ you came across them two days ago?
总结：
① 如果原句是一般疑问句，强调结构用“_________ ___ + 被强调部分 + _ + 其余部分？”
② 如果原句是特殊以文具，强调结构用“___________+ __________ ___ ______ + 其余部分？ ”
再试一把：
1）It was her sisters not she who ______ to America three times.
A. has been B. has gone C. have been D. have gone
2）It was a long time _____ that he graduated.
A. since B. ago C. before D. /
2. everything to do with nature 与自然有关的一切
do with 与......有关 have / be to do with 与......有关,
have something / a lot / nothing, etc. to do with 与... … 有些 / 有许多 / 毫无关系
There is nothing to do with me. Her job has / is to do with telephones.
His job has nothing to do with telephones. His illness has a lot to do with smoking.
3. grow crazy about 变得对某事痴迷
grow 为系动词，同be, become, go, turn
V. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
我记得很清楚，有那么一段时间，蓝蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌声，月光和鲜花不可能使我着迷。
1. I can well remember that … 是主句，that 引导的是宾语从句，该宾语从句中， there was a time 是主句，when 引导的是定语从句，修饰time。
2. could not / never have done 表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测。
He can’t have gone abroad, for I saw him this morning.
They could never have been praised by the teacher. They were very naughty.
3． kept me spellbound 为keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词）, keep 表示“使……处于某状态/动作”。
His words kept us excited all day long.
His mother kept them in the room while she was working.
即时操练：
1. We are living in a time _____ many things are done on the computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
2. Do you still remember the time _____ we lived in the country?
A. which B. when C. where D. who
3. I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
4. Don’t keep the water __________(run) while you brush your teeth.
5. All the students are _____ doing homework all the time.
A. made B. asked C. kept D. forced
VI. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 比如，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。
I stayed awake 是主句，when it was so warm 是时间状语从句， awake 后的几个短语均作状语。
1. stay, turn, go, grow, come 可做系动词。
如：stay healthy / young, turn red, go bad, grow old, come true.
2. on purpose 故意，专门
He broke the windows on purpose.
3. in order to 为了，目的是。 可位于句首或句中。so as to 不能位于句首。 in order that 引导目的状语从句，不能位于句首。
In order to get up early, he went to bed early.
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in order to get up early.
He went to bed early so as to get up early.
in order that he could get up early.
即时操练：
1. He _____ ill last week and stayed in bed _______ he was well
A. was; when B. had been; before C. fell; until D. became; although
2. He took a good rest ______ save energy for the game.
A. so that B. in order that C. in order to D. on purpose
3. The nurse looked after the patient carefully ______ get well again soon.
A. in order to B. so that he could C. so he could D. enough to
4. _____ ______ ______ _________ (为了通过) the test, he worked hard day and night.
5. 他是故意把杯子打碎的。
He ______ _________ _______ _____ ____________.
VII. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.
但是由于月光太亮，我不敢打开窗子。
dare 此处为行为动词，后面可跟(to) do, 其否定形式为don’ t / didn’t dare . 其亦可做情态动词，后面接动词原形，其否定形式为daren’t。
I didn’t dare ask if his dog was any better.
Everyone in the office says that he smells terrible, but nobody dares (to) tell him about it.
Dare you tell him the news? = Do you dare (to) tell him the news?
即时操练：
1. I ______ how much it’s going to cost.
A. daren’t to think B. don’t dare think C. haven’t dared think D. dare not thinking
2. I will certainly be surprised if he _____ to tell them what he know.
A. dare B. will dare C. dared D. dares
3. I’ve got ____ work to do on a _____ cold day.
A. much too, much too B. too much, too much C. too much, much too D. much too, too much
4. The sports shoes are _____ for me.
A. too a little small B. a little small too C. too small a little D. a little too small
VIII. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open.
= Another time some months ago, it happened that I was upstairs one evening when the window was open.
happen 碰巧
When I went to visit him, he happened to be going out.
= When I wen