九年级语法专讲---宾语从句.docx

语法专讲二：宾语从句
宾语从句属于复合句的一种。在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。要透彻学习宾语从句必须从连接宾语从句来学起。连接宾语从句也叫作“直接引语改为间接引语”。
连接宾语从句必须注意三个主要方面的变化：时态，人称，语序。
时态：
1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
人称：一主，二宾，三不变。（第一人称看主句的主语，第二人称看主句的宾语，第三人称不变）
语序：从句用陈述句语序。
一、从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
"I speak English very well." She said. → She said that she spoke English very well.
He said,"The earth is round. → _________________________________________
“I can help the poor boy raise some money” Mr Smith thought.
→__________________________________________________________
二、 从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether（是否）。引导词有意义，但在从句中不做句子成分。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
"Do you have a knife?" He asked me.→ He asked me if/whether I had a knife.
“Are you teaching your son to learn English?” I asked Sally.
_____________________________________________________
“Do you like salad?” She asked Tom.→ ___________________________________________
He says to you ,"Can you fly a kite?"→___________________________________________
“Will you go there with me ?” Sally asked me .→___________________________________________
三、 从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 What 和who在从句中可以做主语或宾语，其他的都作状语，引导词都有意义，不能省略。
Li Lei said,"Why didn't he go to school?"→ Li Lei asked why he didn't go to school.
“What did you buy for me?” I asked Rose.→ _________________________________________
“Who are you waiting for?” She asked the boy.
“When will you leave for your uncle’s city ” My friend said to me .
→ _________________________________________
“Why are you late again?” The teacher asked me.→ _________________________________________
“Where did you lived when you were in the small town?”
→ _________________________________________
正对性训练：
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7． How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
8． Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
　 A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for  D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
　 A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
　 A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was C. what the matter is    D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
　 A. where it happens   B. where did it happen C. how it happened    D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
　 A. how we should do   B. what should we do C. how to do it       D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
　 A. how check   B. to check   C. how to check   D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are. A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set? ─ Sorry, I've no idea.
　 A./, bought   B. has, bought   C. did, buy   D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
　 A. how, another  B. what, more  C. how ,other  D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
　 A. where is he/ has been    B. where he is/ has gone
　 C. where was he/ has been   D. where he was/ has gone
宾语从句练习1 【时态】
( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
宾语从句练习2 【引导词】
( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 3 I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when
( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. What B when C why D how
( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose
宾语从句练习3 【语序】
( ) 1.They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which
( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
宾语从句练习4 【语序】
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether    B. whether; Whether     C. if; That     D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come   B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend   B. what did he mend C. how he mended   D. what he mended
4. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after      B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking         D. whom she is looking after
5. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives     B. does he live      C. he lived      D. did he live
6. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave  B. does the train leave   C. will the train leave   D. the train leaves
7. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old      B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old      D. how old the two players are
8. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in     B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in     D. what in their stockings
9. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean      B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does      D. what Christmas means
Exercises: 用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句
1.What is her name (I don’t know)

2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)

3．What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)

4 Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)

5 When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)

6 What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)

7 Whose box is it on the floor? (I’m not sure)

8 How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)

9 She is a teacher. (I hear)

10 Does her aunt live in Paris? (I’m not sure)

11 Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)

12 Who will come to join us? (Do you know)

13 My son is having a cold. (she said)

14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I don’t know)
Exercises: 用所给动词的正确形式填空
1、I won't return the book to the library because I _______(not finish) reading it.
2、As soon as he saw me, he _______to speak to me. (stop)
3、I hope he _______(come) back in a week.
4、It _______(rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.
5、The old man told the children _______(not walk) in the rice fields.
6、He told me he _______(help) her with her maths the next evening.
7、She said they_______(know) each other for quite some time.
8、If it_______(not rain) tomorrow, we _______(visit) the Pople's Museum.
9、John _______(write) something when I _______(go) to see him.
10、Our teacher told us that light_______(travel) much faster than sound.
11、When I got to the cinema, the film _______(begin)
12、Mike asked me if we _______(ask) any questions the next class.
13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _______(finish) doing your homework?

简化宾语从句的方法
　　方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →__________________________________
We decided that we would help him. →___________________________________________
He promised that he would do it without any help..→____________________________________________.
　　方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window..→____________________________________________.
I don’t know what I should do next.→____________________________________________.
　　注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →_____________________
I asked him where I could buy this kind of medicine.→____________________________________________.
She taught me how she learned English..→____________________________________________.
　　方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → ___________________________________________.
I asked Tom that he should see a dentist.→____________________________________________.
She wished that I could win the first prize.→____________________________________________.
　　方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. .→____________________________________________.
I heard that some boys were singing songs when I walked past.
→____________________________________________.
She saw that a thief was stealing a lady’s purse when she got on the bus.
→____________________________________________.
巩固练习。
1. He won’t come. I think. (变为复合句) I ______ think he ______ come.
2. “Do you wash your clothes yourself?” Tom asked the girl next to him.(改复合句)
Tom asked the girl next to him ______ ______ ______ her clothes herself.

3. “Where does he live?” Mr Hu asked.(改为复合句)
Mr Hu asked where _______ _______.
4. Tom’s father saw him sitting on some eggs.(改为复合句)
Tom’s father saw ______ ______ ______ sitting on some eggs.
5. Mrs White told Tom not to throw paper on the ground.(改为复合句)
Mrs white told Tom ______ ______ ____ throw paper on the ground.
6. Please tell me where we show our tickets.(改为简单句，保持原意)
Please tell me ______ ______ show our tickets.
7. Can you tell me how I can get to the post office? (改为简单句，保持原意)
Can you tell me the ______ _____ the post office?
8. Rose doesn’t know when they are going to repair the watch. (改为简单句)
Rose doesn’t know ______ ______ repair the watch.
9. The teacher told the boys what they should do and how they should do it.(改为简单句)
The teacher told the boys ______ ______ do and ______ _____ do it.
10. The old man told that she must not take photos here.　(改为简单句)

被动语态巩固训练：
1.They built a new school in the village last year.（改为被动语态）
A new school ___________ ___________ in the village last year.
2.In the old days people used teapots（茶壶） to make tea. （改为被动语态）
In the old days teapots ___________ ___________ to make tea.
3.This makes me feel thirsty.（改为被动语态）I __________ __________ __________ feel thirsty by this.
4.Did you buy this bike from the shop ? （改为被动语态）
__________ __________ __________ __________ from the shop （by you）?
5. Only this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldiers（改为主动语态）
Only this year, The soldiers __________ ___________ millions of trees..
6. We should speak to old men politely. （改为被动语态）
7. Old men should __________ __________ __________ politely.
7. The patients must be taken good care of by us.（改为主动语态）
______________________________________________________________
8. He’s often seen to dance in his room, ___________ ___________ ?(反意疑问句)
9. The photos were taken in Japan.
① (改为否定句)___________________________________________
②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）_____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
③（对划线提问）__________________________