一道高考题引发对however用法的思考.doc

一道高考题引发对however用法的思考
however用法详解

一、考点描述however是高考英语中一个十分重要的考点，近几年来每年的各省考题均有所涉及。请看两道典型高考真题：
1. You should try to get a good night’s sleep _____ much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
【分析】答案选A。however作连接副词时，与no matter how相当，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论……”“不管……”。句意是：不管你有多少工作要做，你都应该好好休息一个晚上。
2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _____ difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although
【分析】答案选A。因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however(无论如何，不管多么)，引导一个让步状语从句。

二、用法详解

不管however以何种形式出现在高考题中，它都不外乎以下两种用法。1. 用作副词(1) 表示让步：意为(1) “无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。如：Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。You won’t move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头。However far it is, l intend to drive there tonight 不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：①此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点，同学们务请引起高度重视。②这样用的 howeverfont-family: 'Times New Roman'">②与 no matter how 大致同义。如：People always want more, however [no matter how] rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。However [No matter how] hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Don’t laugh, however funny it may be. 无论多么有趣也不要笑。I’ll try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 无论多么难，我也要按时完成。④“however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are) I’d rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。
A grammar rule, however true (it is), is useless unless it can be understood. 一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。

一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。

(2) 表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父亲不同意。My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. 我的房间很小，但却很舒服。My room is small; however, it’s comfortable. He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他说情况如此，可是他错了。注：however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)注意正句中的标点符号。如：我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。误：We all tried our best, however we lost the game. 正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game. 正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. 正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. (3) 表示惊奇或强调：相当于how ever的用法，其意为“究竟怎样到底以什么方式”。如：However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子，究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?

2. 用作连词用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式“”“不管怎样”。如：However it may be, I shall take your word. 无论如何，我将会相信你的话。However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days. 无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。However you travel, /SPAN>The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。

三、命题切入点高考以however切入命题的可能性主要有两个方面：1. 直接考查however的用法。如考查其句型结构(尤其是词序)，考查它与其他相似词语whatever, whenever wherever, whichever, whoever等在用法和意义上的区别。如：(1) _____ rich one may be there is always something one wants. A. Whatever &nb
C. However D. Wherever

【分析】答案选C。however 用于修饰形容词rich，在意义上相当于no matter how。(2) We should report any incident, _____. (2) We sho5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is itC. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor【分析】答案选A。however 引导让步状语从句时的语序为“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”。(3) _____ I say, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever【分析】答案选B。whatever 在此用作动词say的宾语，在意义上相当于 no matter what。(4) _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 【分析】答案选A。根据句意可知，说话者强调的是地点，故用wherever。2. 用however作为干扰项进行考查。如：An awful accident _____, however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
【分析】此题正确答案应选B，句末的 the other day 意为“前几天”，所以句子应用过去时态，而选项D不合题意，故选B。此句有两个难点：一是句中插有 however 一词，分散了同学们的注意力；二是所填选项B为许多同学所不熟悉的强调用法。

——What should I wear to attend his wedding party? 5分
回答：5 浏览：222 提问时间：2007-02-25 20:00
——What should I wear to attend his wedding party?
——Dress ____ you like.
A. what B however C. whatever D. how
请详细讲解

补充问题
答案：本题however you like相当于in whatever way you like，根据语境，不难判断出B为正确答案。

先请看下面一道高考题:

　　These wild flowers are so special I would do ________ I can to save them.

　　A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever

　　此题考查关联词引导宾语从句时的用法。that引导宾语从句时,只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分。which引导宾语从句具有双重作用:一方面起连接作用,同时在从句中充当某种成分,其意思与其作疑问词时的意思相同。弄清whichever与whatever的区别,我们便可确定此题的正确选项为A。

　　下面重点分析whatever的用法:

　　一、whatever作连接代词,意为"无论什么;不管什么",连接宾语从句、主语从句。如:

　　They eat whatever they can find. 他们找到什么就吃什么。

　　You can take whatever you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。

　　二、whatever作连接形容词,意为"无论什么样的"。应当注意, 此用法的whatever必须同其被修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。如:

　　I can do whatever work I can find.我可以做我能找到的任何工作。

　　Whatever difficulties we meet, we can work them out.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决它们。

　　三、whatever与whichever的区别。

　　这两个词的意思不同, whatever意为quot;无论什么;凡是……的事物"; whichever意为"无论哪个;无论哪些”。此外,whichever后也可以接一个名词,当然,在一定的语境中,与whichever连用的名词有时可以省略。如:

You should wear whichever dress suits you best. 什么衣服最适合你穿,你就应该穿什么。

　　I'll do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么,我就做什么。

　　四、whatever与what的区别。

　　whatever可以引导名词性从句或状语从句;what是个疑问词,用在疑问句中。如:

　　五、whatever与no matter what的区别。

　　no matter what 只能引导状语从句,但whatever既可引导状语从句,还可引导名词从句。

　　Don’t trust him, no matter what he says.无论他说什么，都别信。

We will be grateful for whatever amount you can afford. 你买得起多少，我们都欢迎。

Wherever you go , whatever you do , I will be right here waiting for you .无论你走到哪里，无论你做什么，

　　No matter which dictionary you want to buy, I'll pay for it. 无论你想买哪本词典,我都愿意付款。

这里与前面的动词Dress有关。Dress在这里是一个不及物动词，因此，后面没有宾语，只能是说明Dress的方式，所以用表示方式的in … way短语。也就是原句子的意思是说‘你想以什么样方式穿戴，就以什么样的方式着装’。这样一来，原题的答案也就是B。 however副词，表示方式。

请看NMET关于“—ever”用法的几道单项选择题：
    ①If we work with a strong will, we can overcome anydifficulty,______ great it is.
    （’95NMET）
    A.what B.how C.however D.whatever
    答案：C。“however”，adv.意为“无论如何”、“不管怎样”。
    ②It is generally considered unwise to give a child_____he or she wants.
    （’97NMET）
    A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
    答案：B。“whatever”，pron.“无论什么”、“任何东西”之意。
    ③_______, Mother will wait for him to have dinnertogether. （’97NMET）
    A.However late is he B.However he is late
    C.However is he late D.However late he is
    答案：D。“however”，adv.表示“无论如何”、“不管怎样”。
    根据上述所出现关于“—ever”的构词形式，我们把学过的这些词归为两大类。
    第一类：“however，whenever，wherever”，作连词或者副词。
    第二类：“whatever，whichever，whoever”，作代词或者形容词。
    下面具体地谈一谈它们各自的用法。
    （一）“however”作连词或副词
    1.作连词，“不管用什么方法”。
    例如：He can go however he likes.
    2.作副词，“无论如何”、“不管怎样”
    例如：①However cold it is,he always goe ming.
    ②I'll come however busy I am
    3.作副词，“究竟怎么”（表示惊奇）。
    例如：However did you find it?
    4.作副词，“不过”、“仍然”、“然而”
    例如：He hasn't arrived.He may however later.
    （二）“whenever”作连词或副词
    1.作连词，“任何时候”。例如
    ①Whenever we see him we speak to him.
    ②Come whenever you like.
    2.作连词，“每当”、“每逢”“每次”
    例如：Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a li e .
    3.作副词，“任何时间”“任何时候”
    例如：①He might turn up on Monday , or Friday, or whenever, andexpect to be given a meal.
    ②Whether they arrive tonight ,tomorrow , or whenever, they'll bewelcome.
    4.作副词，“到底什么时候”。
    例如：Whenever will he learn ?
    （三）“wherever”作连词或副词
    1.作连词，“在任何地方”、“到任何地方”、“在任何情况下”。
    例如：Sit wherever you like
    2.作副词，“在任何地方”。
    例如：He comes from Boula, wherever that may be , from a　place called Boula,and I have no
    idea where it is.
 3.作副词，“到底什么地方”。
    例如：Wherever did she get that hat.
    （四）“whatever”作代词或形容词。
    1.“whatever”作代词，／no matter what ／“无论什么”、“无论如何”。
    例如：
    ①Keep calm,whatever happens
    ②Whatever (No matter what) you may say, I will go.
    2.“whatever”作代词，／anything or everything that／“任何的事物”、“每一……的事物”。
    例如①Do whatever you like.
    ②Whatever I have is at your service.
    3.作代词“or whatever”“或任何东西”、“诸如此类”
    例如：He'd have difficulty in learning any language ——Greek, Chinese,or whatever.
    4.作代词，“到底（究竟）什么”。
    例如 Whatever can he mean by that？
    5.作形容词，“任何的”、“无论什么的”、“任何种类、程度等的”。
    例如Take whatever measures you consider best.
    6.作形容词，在否定句中，置于名词之后，强调否定语气
    例如①There can be no doubt whatever about it.
    ②I have no intention whatever of resigning.
    （五）“Whichever” 作代词或形容词
    1.“Whichever” 作代词，／anything or everything “无论哪些”、 无论哪个”。
    例如 ①Whichever (Anything that) you want is yours.
    ②Take two of the four elective subjects, whichever you prefer.
    2.作代词,“……的那一个”。
    例如①Take whichever you like best.
    ②Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.
    3.作代词，“究竟哪个（哪些）”。
    例如 Whichever do you mean?
    4. 作形容词，“无论哪个”、“无论哪些”。
    例如：He may choose whichever desk he wishes.
    （六）“whoever”作代词：
    “whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。
    例如①Whoever(Anyone who)said it,it's not so.
    ②Whoever says that is wrong.
    2.作代词，“到底（究竟）是谁”。
    例如 Whoever told you that?