【中考全景透视】2015中考英语人教版一轮复习导学案第十三讲八年级(下)Units9～10.doc

第十三讲　八年级(下)Units 9～10

重点词汇
1.camera(n.)照相机；摄像机
2．whether(conj.)是否
3．Indian(adj.&n.)印度的；印度人
4．spring(n.)春天
5．sweet(adj.)甜蜜的；快乐的
6．memory(n.)记忆；回忆
7．soft(adj.)软的；柔软的
8.check(v.&n.)检查；审查
9．honest(adj.)诚实的；老实的
10．hometown(n.)家乡；故乡
11．century(n.)百年；世纪
12．opposite(prep.)与……相对；在……对面
13．consider(v.)仔细考虑；注视
14．hold(v.)拥有；抓住
词汇拓展
1.usual→(反义词)unusual→(副词)usually
2．peace→和平的peaceful
3．safe→(反义词)dangerous→(副词)safely→(名词)safety
4．invent→发明物invention→发明家inventor
5.make→生产者；制造商maker
6．own→主人；物主owner
7．encourage→鼓励encouragement
8．German→Germany德国
9．true→真相truth→诚实的truthful
重点短语

1.茶艺tea art
2．两个；一对a couple of
3．数以千计的 thousands of
4．一方面……另一方面
on the one hand …，on the other hand
5．全年all year round
6．庭院拍卖会yard sale
7.察看 check out
8．清理 clear out
9．不再no longer
10．放弃；交出part with
11．至于as for
12．说实在的to be honest
13．依据according to
14．几乎；接近close to
重点句型
1.I've been to the art museum many times．我去过美术馆很多次。
2．Let's go somewhere different today.
我们今天去某个不同的地方吧。
3．It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!
很难相信技术竟以如此快的方式发展！
4．There are some special German paintings there right now．
那里现在有一些特殊的德国绘画。
5.Watching the tea preparations is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself．
看着他们用美的茶具沏茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人享受。
6．How long have you had that bike over there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？
7．Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories．
艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们引起许多甜蜜的回忆。

一、根据句意及汉语提示，填入适合的单词。
1．It's not special(特别的)for the young men to finish the hard work in such a short time.
2．Can you tell me where the public toilets(厕所) are?
3．Mr.Wu talked about some social(社会的) problems.
4．For certain(某种)reasons，Mr.Li left there without saying anything.
5．Jack is an honest(诚实的) boy，so we all like him very much.
二、根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空。
6．The house itself(it) is very beautiful.
7．Three Germans(German) visited the factory this afternoon.
8．We haven't_met(not meet) each other for five years.Both of us left(leave) the factory in 2009.
9．The hospitalhas_been(be) there for 15 years.It is(be) the tallest building in our city.
10．The children have_never_visited(never visit) the Great Wall before.Their parents will_take(take) them there next month.
三、根据汉语完成句子。
11．怀特先生买这辆小汽车两年了。
Mr.White has had the car for two years.
12．自从他来到这儿，就在这家工厂工作。
He has worked in this factory since he came here.
13．虽然比尔很长时间没滑冰了，但现在他仍然滑得很好。
Although Bill hasn't skated for a long time，he still skates very well now.
14．这个学校超过四分之三的学生来自农村。
More than three quarters of the students in this school are from villages.
15．新加坡是一个讲英语的国家，因此在那你可以讲英语。
Singapore is an English­speaking country，so you can speak English here.

一、The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.茶艺表演展示了如何用精美的茶具沏一杯完美的茶。
【考点精讲】
(1)performance可数名词，意为“表演；演出”。另外performer也为名词，意为“演出者，演员”。其动词为perform，意为“表演，演出”。eg：
He is a good performer.他是一个好演员。
(2)How to make a perfect cup of tea是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作动词show的宾语。英语中，疑问代词what，who，which和疑问副词where，when，how等后面接动词不定式结构构成动词不定式短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
【注意】“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语时，相当于宾语从句。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可以与此结构互换。eg：
I really can't decide where to go.＝I really can't decide where I should go.我真地不能决定该去哪里。

—Which dress do you like best，Madam?
—Sorry，I can't decide ________ now.(2014，呼和浩特)
A．to buy which one　B．buy which one
C．which one to buy D．which I should buy it
【解析】C。decide为动词，which one to buy作宾语；D项中连接词which作buy的宾语，不能再加宾语it，故可排除。因此选C。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．Man has changed the desert in many ways to make it a better place __A__ to live.
A．where B．in which C．when D．which
2．The students do not know __A__ this maths problem.
A．how to do with B．what to do
C．how do with D．what deal with
3．He did not say __B__ for help.
A．whose to ask B．whom to ask
C．which to ask D．what to ask
二、On the one hand，more than three quarters of the population are Chineseso you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time.On the other hand，Singapore is an English­speaking country，so it's also a good place to practice your English！一方面，超过四分之三的人口是华人，因此很多时候你可以只讲普通话。另一方面，新加坡是一个说英语的国家，因此它也是一个练习你的英语的好地方！
【考点精讲】
(1)on the one hand… on the other hand …意为“一方面……另一方面”。其中on the one hand中的the也可以省略。eg：
on(the) one hand，this job doesn't pay very much；on the other hand，I can't get another one.一方面这份工作报酬不是很高；可另一方面我又找不到其他工作。
(2)three quarters意为“四分之三”。英语中的分数表达法为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母要用复数形式。eg：
a quarter四分之一　a half二分之一
two thirds三分之二
【助记】 分数表达法歌诀：
英语分数很好记，“母序子基”四个字；
分子若是大于一，分母还须加­s。
【拓展】分数作主语时，谓语的单复数要与其后面的名词的数保持一致。若名词为可数名词复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式；若名词为可数名词单数形式或不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。eg：
One fifth of the water is dirty.五分之一的水是脏的。
Three fifths of the students in our class are girls.
我们班里五分之三的学生是女生。

—What does the fresh juice contain?
—________ of the juice ________ orange.It's very pure.(2012，深圳)

A．Four fifth；are B．Fourth fifths；are
C．Four fifth；is D．Four fifths；is
【解析】D。在表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于一时，分母用复数形式。故排除A、C两项；题干中的juice为不可数名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选D。
(3)practice及物动词，意为“实践，练习”，其后可接名词或动名词。eg：
I practice English every morning.我每天早上练习英语。
He practice playing the piano every day.他每天练习弹钢琴。
【拓展】practice用作名词，意为“练习，实践”。eg：
Learning a new language needs a lot of practice.
学习一门新语言需要勤练习。

Why not ________ an English club to practice ________ English？(2012，淮安)
A．join；speaking　　B．to join；speaking
C．join；to speak D．to join；speak
【解析】A。why not 后接动词原形，排除B、D两项，practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，为固定短语，排除C项。故选A项。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．__A__ of the classmates are good at basketball.(2013，邵阳)
A．Three quarters B．Three fourth
C．Third floor
2．One_fourth of the children are singing in the music classroom.(选出与画线部分短语意思相同的一项)2013，遵义)__C__
A．A lot 　B．A half 　C．A quarter
3．It's said that __D__ of the water around the world ______ polluted.(2013，黄石)
A．two third；has B．two thirds；have
C．two third；are D．two thirds；is
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
4．我们班里三分之二的学生是女生。
Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.
5．一方面你可以和他们交朋友，另一方面你又可以和他们练习汉语。
On_the_one_hand you can make friends with them，on_the_other_hand you can practice Chinese.
三、consider注视；仔细考虑
【考点精讲】
(1)consider用作及物动词，意为“考虑”。后接名词、动名词形式、宾语从句或疑问词＋to do结构。eg：
We're considering moving to countryside.我们正在考虑搬到农村。
(2)consider用作不及物动词，常用于“consider＋sb./sth.(＋as)＋名词”结构或“consider＋sb./sth.(＋to be)＋形容词”结构中。eg：
We consider her (as) our friend.我们把她当作我们的朋友。
【拓展】与consider一样，在与动词连用时，只能用动名词形式的动词或短语常见的还有：enjoy“喜爱”，practice“练习”，keep(on)“继续(一直)”，mind“介意”，finish“完成”，have fun“高兴”，feel like “想要”，look forward to“盼望”，can't help“禁不住”等。

—I don't know where to go this summer vacation.(2013，黄冈)
—Why not ________ visiting Huanggang？There are many places of interest there.
A．suggest　B．wonder　C．consider　D．regard
【解析】C。suggest意为“建议”，wonder意为“想知道”，consider意为“考虑”，regard意为“注意”。由答句“为什么不考虑去游览黄冈呢？那里有许多名胜”。可知应选C。
【即时演练】

Ⅰ.单项选择。
1．It's too bad.You'd better __A__ what to do next.
A．consider B．think C．shut D．feel
2．I'm considering __C__ abroad some day.
A．go B．goes C．going D．to go
Ⅱ.根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。
3．我们正在考虑什么时候举办运动会。
We are considering when to have/hold a sports meeting.
4．大家都认为这个男孩聪明。
Everyone considers the boy clever．
5．我们的老师总把我们看作是他的孩子。
Our teacher always considers us as his children.

四、【辨析】since/for
【考点精讲】
◆since强调从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到说话时，因此它后面要跟时间点；引导时间状语从句时，主句通常用现在完成时或现在进行时，而从句通常用一般过去时。eg：
We have been living here since we moved here.自从我们搬到这里就一直住在这儿。
◆for后面跟表示一段时间的短语，表示动作持续发生了一段时间，可用于表示过去、现在、将来的完成以及完成进行时态的句子中。eg：
Your son has been playing basketball for a long time.你儿子已经打篮球很长时间了。

—How long have you lived in the new flat?
—________ 2012.(2013，扬州)
A．In B．After C．Since D．Before
【解析】C。句意：—你在这个新公寓里住了多久？—自从2012年就住在这里。since后面跟时间点，与现在完成时连用，故选C。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。

1．My uncle has been taught in this school __A__ he was twenty years old.(2014，鞍山)
A．since B．for C．until D．after
2．I'm looking after Tom today.He's been in my house __C__ 8：00 this morning.(2014，十堰)
A．at B．for C．since D．till
3．—The local living conditions have improved a lot __C__ China set up the city of Sansha.
—And more and more people would like to go there for business.(2013，宜昌)
A．before B．when C．since D．after
4．My sister has learnt English __B__．
(2013，雅安)
A．for twelve years ago
B．since she was four
C．twelves years ago
D．at the age of four
Ⅱ.选用since或for填空。
5．Mr.Chen has taught in this school since ten years ago.
6．My neighbor moved here last year.He has been here for about a year.
7．Great changes have taken place in my hometown since you left there.
五、【辨析】between/among
【考点精讲】
between通常用于两者之间，between…and…意为“在……和……之间”，后跟代词时用人称代词的宾格形式；among用于三者或三者以上，意思是“在……当中”。但是表达三者或三者以上的人或事物中两两之间的关系时，仍用between。eg：
I always sit between Mum and Dad when we take photos.拍照时，我总是坐在爸爸和妈妈中间。
They found a pear among the apples.
他们在那些苹果中发现了一个梨。

—Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花节)?
—Yes.The flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying ________ them.(2013，东营)

A．in　B．among　C．between　D．through
【解析】B。in表示“在……里面”；between与among均表示“在……之间”，前者一般指两者之间，后者一般用于三者或三者以上；through意为“穿过”，表示从物体内部穿透。由答句句意“是的，桃花太美了。蜜蜂在花丛中飞舞。”可知应选B。
【即时演练】
Ⅰ.单项选择。
1．—What do you often do __C__ classes to relax yourselves?
—We often do eye exercises，listen to music or do some running around the school.(2014，襄阳)
A．in B．among C．between D．through
2．—It's a top secret.
—Yes，I see.I will keep the secret __C__ you and me.(2013，苏州)
A．in B．among C．between D．through
3．The man __C__ Mary and Gina is my new English teacher.(2014，湖州)
A．in B．among C．between D．through
Ⅱ.选用among或between填空。
4．If you try to sit on two chairs，you will fall between them.For life，you must choose one chair.
5．This is a secret between you and me.You mustn't tell it to others.
6．Jenny likes bananas best among the fruits.

★★写作专题——看图作文★★
一、要点入门
看图作文就是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息进行写作。此类题的体裁可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。写作时应注意以下几个方面：
1．要仔细观察分析图画，明确写作要求，如时间、地点、人物、事件发生的先后顺序等，有时候还需要弄明白图画所蕴含的真实含义。
2．找出图中事物之间的内在联系，分析画与画之间的内在联系及画中人物、事物之间的逻辑关系。
3．要根据图画情景展开联想。
二、典型例题
仔细观察下面所给图画，写一篇80词左右的短文，完整叙述图画内容。

【思路点拨】
首先要分析图画内容：①在一个阳光明媚的早晨，两位主人公出发；②他们爬上一座山；③游过一条小河；④在对岸进行野餐。可假定一个时间和两位主人公的身份，然后把整个故事表述出来。最后发表自己的感想。叙述时，时态可用一般过去时。
【写作模板】
We climbed onto the top of the
mountain，where we saw…ＫＫ
【满分范文】
Last Saturday the weather was fine.My classmate Li Ming and I started off on a mountain trip.We climbed onto the top of a mountain，where we saw a small river at the foot of the mountain and a large area of grassland and many green trees on the other side of the river.So we climbed down the mountain and swam across the river.We had a picnic on the grassland.We ate the delicious food we brought and enjoyed the scenery.We felt very happy and relaxed.