1、要求背诵的常用常考知识点归纳 请同学们一定要背好记好,在考试中才能夺取高分 一 .后跟doing的有 Like doing sth 喜欢做某事 Spend (in)doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事 Stop --- from doing sth 阻止---做某事 Enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 After doing sth 做某事之后 Finish doing sth 完成做某事 Have fun (in) doing sth 开心做某
2、事 Mind doing sth 介意做某事 Practise doing sth 练习做某事 Suggest sb doing sth 建议某人做某事 Keep doing sth 一直做某事 Go on doing sth 继续做某事 What about doing sth 做某事好吗 How about doing sth 做某事好吗 Instead of doi
3、ng sth 代替做某事 Thank you for doing sth 谢谢做某事 Thanks for doing sth 谢谢做某事 Be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事 Be good at doing sth 擅长于做某事 Be good /bad for doing sth 做某事对---有好 / 坏 处 Be afraid of doing sth 害怕做
4、某事 Be interested in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣 Think of doing sth=consider doing sth 考虑做某事 Be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 Make a contribution to doing sth 为做某事做贡献 Do the washing and cooking 洗衣服/做饭 Do some washin
5、g/cooking/reading/shopping/cleaning洗衣服/做饭/读书/购物/打扫------- Go shopping/swimming/fishing 购物/游泳/钓鱼 二. .后跟to do的有 Tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 Ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 Want to do sth 想做某事 Plan to do sth 计划做某事 Hope to do sth 希望做某事 Decide to do
6、sth 决定做某事 Try to do sth 尝试做某事 Teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事 Allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 Encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 Would like to do sth 想做某事 Be happy/pleased/glad to do sth 乐于做某事 Be afraid to do sth 害怕
7、做某事 Take sb some time to do sth 花费某人一些时间做某事 It’s time to do sth 该做某事的时候了 It’s --- for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说怎么样 另:What /where/when/how/why to do sth 注意:如果是否定句直接在to前+not 三 .后跟do的有 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 Can do sth 能/会做某事 =Be able to do sth
8、 能/会做某事 Should do sth 应该做某事 Must do sth 必须做某事 =Have to do sth 必须/不得不做某事 Shall do sth 将要做某事(专用于第一人称) Will/would do sth 将要做某事 Why not do sth 为什么不做某事 Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做某事 Had=’d better (not)do sth 最好做某事 Make sb
9、do sth 使某人做某事 May do sth 可以做某事 Used to do sth 过去常常做某事 Be suppose to do sth 应该做某事 另外:助动词do / does / did 后面的动词要用原形 四.后跟to do 或doing的有 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 Start/begin to do sth
10、 开始做某事 Start/begin doing sth 开始做某事 Forget doing sth 忘记已经做的事 Forget to do sth 忘记做某事 Remember to do sth 记得要做某事 Remember doing sth 记得已经做的事 五.后跟do或doing的有 see /hear/watch do sth 看见/听见/观看---经常做某事 see/hear/watch doing sth看见/听见/观看---正在做某事 六.后跟do或to do的有
11、 help(to)do sth帮助某人做某事 need to do sth需要做某事(做行为动词时) need do sth需要做某事(做情带动词时) 七.星期 Monday星期一, Tuesday星期二 , Wednesday 星期三,Thursday星期四, Friday 星期五 , Saturday 星期六 , Sunday 星期日 注意:一周的第一天是sunday最后一天suturday 八.月份 January 一月, February 二月, March 三月, April 四月,May 五月,Ju
12、ne 六月 ,July 七月 , August 八月,September 九月, October 十月, November十一月, December 十二月 九.季节 spring春天 ,summer 夏天 ,autumn 秋天,winter 冬天。 十.方位 east—eastern东 south—southern 南 west—western 西 north—northern北 十一.天气 sun—sunny晴朗 cloud—cloudy阴天 rain—rainy 下雨 wind—windy刮风 sn
13、ow—snowy 下雪 fog—foggy 多雾 十二.数词:基数词—序数词 one—first一 two—second 二 three—third三four—fourth四 five—fifth 五 six—sixth六 seven—seventh七 eight—eighth 八 nine—ninth九 ten—tenth 十 eleven—eleventh十一twelve—twelfth十二 thirteen---thirteenth十三 twenty—twentieth 二十 thirty—one ----thirty—first三十一 十三
14、.可数名词: 单数变为复数/动词第三人称单数的规则: 1.以s ,x , sh ,ch结尾的加es. Bus , box , watch , wish , dish等+es 2.以o结尾的,有生命的加es,无生命的加s. potato , tomato , hero+ es radio , zoo , piano , photo+ s 3.以f ,fe结尾的,先把f ,fe改为v,再加es.
15、 Knife , thief , leaf , life , shelf 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为i,再es. City , family , country , factory , baby , story 5.不符合以上情况的直接加s. 不规则: 1.单复数同形的: sheep, people, deer, Chinese, Japanese. 2.a改为e的: man , w
16、oman ,policeman ,Englishman , Frenchman (但Germans, Americans) 3.把oo改为ee的: foot, tooth, goose 4.无规律的:mouse—mice, child—children 5.只能用复数的:shoes , trousers/pants , glasses . 十四 .名词所有格: 1.单数名词与不以s结尾的复数名词加’s. Mary’s, children’s 2.以s结尾的复数名词加’. Te
17、achers’ Day, ten minutes’ walk. 3.双人名词:单数的只在后一个加’s,复数的两人都要加’s Lucy and Lily’s room . Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms. 4.用of表示的:a map of --- a photo/picture of— 5.另Three minutes’(hours’)walk/ride/drive, three years’ time 十五 .动词 过去式/过去分词: 规则: 1. 以辅音字母加y结
18、尾的,先把y改为i,再加ed study , copy , fly 2.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾并且重读的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ed. Skip , stop , plan , 3.以e结尾的只加d. love , like 4.不符合以上情况的直接加ed. 不规则:见不规则动词表 现在分词: 1.以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾并且重读的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加ing. skip, get, run, swim, stop, shop, cut, put, plan 2.以不发音的e结尾的,先把e去掉再加ing. Ma
19、ke, write, come , dance, drive , like , love 3.以ie结尾的,把ie改y为再加ing. lie , die 4.不符合以上情况的直接加ing. 十六 .时态 1. 一般现在时:句子中常有:often 经常 , usually通常 , sometimes/at times 有时, every day/week/month/year/night--- 每--- 注意:行为动词一般用原形,只有当主语是三单时,行为动词才加s/es. 2. 一般过去时:句子中常有:yesterday 昨天 , then 那时, just
20、now 刚才, the day before yesterday 前天, this morning 今早 last--- 上个, ---ago 以前 . 注意:行为动词要用过去式 3.一般将来时:句子中常有:tomorrow 明天 ,the day after tomorrow后天 , next--- 下个---, in---多久以后 , soon 很快 /不久 注意:要用be going to/will+动词原形 4.现在进行时:句子中常有:look看 , listen听 , be quiet 请安静,now =at the moment现在 .
21、 注意:别忘了两样东西,行为动词前加be(is, am. are)后加ing 5.现在完成时:句子中常有: 5.现在完成时:句子中常有:already已经(肯) , yet 已经(否),never 从来不,ever曾经 ,just 刚刚, before在此之前,recently近期,these days 这几天,in the past few years在过去的几年,so far 到目前为止, for----多久 ,since--- 自从---以来. 注意:行为动词要变为have/has+过去分词 A. have/has been to 曾经去过某地(已经回来) have/has
22、 gone to 已经去了某地(正在去) B.几个常用的短暂性动词,如果后面跟一段时间: 不能这样说 要这样说 Have/has bought-----------have/has had (买一段时间) Have/has died--------------have/has been dead (死一段时间) Have/has borrowed--------have/has kept (借一段时间) Have/has come----------- have/has been here (来一段时间) Have/has be
23、gun/started------have/has been on (开始一段时间) Have/has left------------------have/has been away (离开一段时间) 十七 .数词 1.基数词变为序数词口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,一、二、三,特殊记,结尾字母t, d, d (one--first, two--second, three--third ),八减t(eight--eighth),九减e(nine--ninth),f来把ve替(five--fifth, twelve--twelfth),ty变成tie(twenty--twent
24、ieth),若要碰到几十几,只变个位就可以(thirty—one---thirty—first). 2.hundred ,thousand , million , billion 的用法:前面有具体数字不能加s;后面有of要加s;具体数字和of不能同时使用. two hundred , thousands of, 3. 分数表达法:先分子,后分母;分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子大于或等于2,分母要加s. 4. one second (1/2) , two thirds (2/3) , four fifths (4/5) , five twelfths (5/12) 十
25、八 .形容词和副词 1. 形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词,形容词或副词。 She is a ___________ girl , she sings very ____________ (beautiful). My sister is very ____________ , she does everything __________ (careful) The children are playing ___________ under the tree, they are very ____________ (happy). This is a __________ train
26、look, it is running very ____________ (quick) 2.形容词转换成副词:在形容词的词尾加ly,如果是辅音字母加y,先把y改为i再加ly. 3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 不规则 原级 比较级 最高级 Good/well better best Many/much more most Bad/badly/ill worse worst little less least far Farther/further Farthest/furthest 规则 比较级:单音节词比较级的构成规则:
27、 1.以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为i,再er 2.重读闭音节并且只有一个辅音字母结尾的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er. hot—hotter, thin—thinner. fat—tatter. wet—wetter, 3.以e结尾的只加r. nice---nicer , fine---finer 4.不符合以上情况的直接加er. 多音节词比较级的构成规则:在前面加more. 句子特征:句中常有1. ---than--- 2.两者之间进行比较 最高级: 形容词最高级结构的前面要用the. 单音节词最高级的构成规则: 1.以辅音字母加y结尾的,先把y改为
28、i,再est. 2. 重读闭音节并且只有一个辅音字母结尾的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加est. hot—hottest, thin—thinnest. fat—fattest. wet—wettest, 3.以e结尾的只加st. nice---nicest , fine---finest 4.不符合以上情况的直接加est. 多音节词最高级的构成规则:在前面加most. 句子特征: 句中常有1.---of all , ---of+大于或等于三的数字 , in+某一范围 2. 三者或三者以上之间进行比较 特殊结构: 1.越来越:
29、 形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级 the weather is getting hotter and hotter. 2.越--- , 越--- : the+形容词的比较级 , the+形容词的比较级 money is the more ,the worse. 3.表示A,B相同:A+ as+形容词/副词的原级+as +B Peter is as clever as Tom. 4.表示A不如B:A+ not+ as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as +B I am not as/so tall as GuMing 十九 . 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格
30、宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 I me my mine myself he him his his himself she her her hers herself you you your yours yourself/yourselves we us our ours ourselves it it it its itself they them their theirs themselves 注意:1.主格和宾格在句子中的意思是“谁”。一般情况下,主格放在句子开头,作主语;宾格放在动词、介词后面,作宾语
31、 2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词在句子中的意思是“谁的”。形容词性物主代词后面有名词,名词性物主代词后面没有名词。 3.反身代词在句子中的意思是“谁自己”。后常跟反身代词的有by oneself 独立 ,help oneself to随便吃、别客气,enjoy oneself玩得开心,hurt oneself自己受伤,dress oneself自己穿衣服,teach oneself自学, introduce oneself 自我介绍,look after oneself 自己照顾自己。 二十 .祈使句:1.肯定句:以动词原形开头。2.否定句在开头加don’t. 1.Ple
32、ase _____________ (do) your homework and then watch TV. 2._________ (eat) your breakfast quickly. 3.Please ______________ (not be) late for school. 4.________________ (not laugh) at anyone. 5.________________(not take) photos in the history museum. 6.______________ (open) the do
33、or ,please. 二一 .反意疑问句:前肯后否,前否后肯。如果前面有little , few , hardly , never等词,则看是前否. 1.She eats breakfast, __________ __________? 2.They are students, _________ __________? 3.They won’t go home, ________ _________? 4.I can speak little English, ________ ______ ? 5.He has never been
34、there, _______ _______? 注意:祈使句的反意疑问句是will you? Open the door please, __________? Let’s的反意疑问句是shall we? Let’s play basketball, __________ ? 二二 .感叹句:1.what+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语 2.how+形容词+主语+谓语 例如:1 . What a beautiful girl she is! 2 . What an interesting book it i
35、s! 3 . What beautiful flowers they are! 4 . How tall the trees are! 二三 .疑问词: what 什么 , who 谁 , whose 谁的, where 在哪里, when 什么时候 , why 为什么 , how 怎样, how old 几岁, how long 多久, how soon 多久以后,how often 多久一次, how many 多少(可数), how much 多少(不可数), how far 多远, what time 多少点钟 二四 .系动词be , sound
36、 , smell , taste , feel , look 后面只能跟形容词,不能跟副词。 1. This kind of jacket looks ________, and it sells very _________. A. well B. good 2. The meat smelled __________.it tasted__________. A. bad B. badly 3. They sing the song _________,it sounds _________ . A. beautif
37、ul B. beautifully 二五 .几个常考的词性排列 1. something/anything + 形容词 something/anything important 2. 形容词+ enough tall/old/big enough 3. you ,其他人称,and I you ,she , Tom and I 二六 .关于“花费”的几个用法 spend主人 spend (in) doing / on sth I spent two dollars buying the pen.
38、pay 主人 pay for she paid three yuan for the book. Take 主it it takes sb some time to do sth It takes me 2 hours to walk to school. Cost 主物 sth cost sb The PC cost him two thousand yuan. 二七 .同义词组的有(考同义句转换或词语释义) 1.Be form = come from 来自--- 2.More tha
39、n = over 超过 3.Favorite = like--- best 最喜欢 4.Want to do = would like to do 想做某事 5.What’s the matter / trouble with--- = what’s wrong with--- 某人/某物出什么问题了? 6.be good at = do well in 擅长于---/ 在---方面做得好 7.sb spend --- doing sth = it takes sb ---
40、 to do sth sb pay --- for sth = sth cost sb --- 花费/付钱 8.Reach = get to = arrive in(大地方) / at(小地方) 到达 注意:如果后面跟的是there , here , home .不能用in , at , to . 9.Too / as well(句末肯) = also( 句中肯)= either(句末肯) 也 10.What a pity = that’s a shame 真遗憾 11.What’s the weather like =
41、how’s the weather 问天气 12.Hold on = just a moment 请稍等 13.Why not do = why don’t you do = what / how about doing 建议做某事 14.Don’t do = no doing = sb can’t do 禁止做某事 15.what’s the time? = what time is it ? 问时间 16.at the age of = when
42、sb is ---years old. 在某人几岁时 17.be able to do sth = can do sth 能 /会 做某事 18.there is going to be = there will be 将要有 19.have a good / nice / great / wonderful time= enjoy oneself 祝某人玩得开心/愉快 20.once=one time一次 twice=two times 两次 21.what do you think of=h
43、ow do you like 你觉得---怎么样 22.do you have=have you got 你有---吗 23.by plane=by air 坐飞机 24.walk=on food 走路 25.by bike=ride a bike 骑自行车 26.by bus=take a bus 乘公共汽车 27.by train=take a train 坐火车 28.nothing=not --- anything 没有任何东西 29.prefer---to=l
44、ike---better than 更喜欢--- 30.what’s the matter with=what’s wrong with ---怎么了 31.can I help you=what can I do for you 你想买什么 32.be afraid of=be frightened of 害怕 33.near= not far 附近 二八 .经常考不可数名词的有 Money钱 , Water水 , Milk 牛奶 Bread 面包 ,Homework 作业 , Tea
45、茶, Rice 米饭 , paper 纸 , Meat 肉, information 信息, advice 建议 二九 .量词词组 a cup of 一杯, a glass of 一杯 , a pair of 一双/副 a piece of 一片 a bottle of 一瓶 , a bowl of 一碗 a box of 一盒/箱 注意:如果a 大于或等于2,中间的量词要加 s/es two cups of milk , three bottles of water , tw
46、o boxes of apples. 三十 .介词in /on /at 用在时间前面的区别 in + 年 /月 /季节 in 2008. in September. in summer on + 具体日期 on Monday . on a cold morning. on may 1st. at + 钟点 at 6:20 . at seven o’clock 三一 .介词 (如果后面跟动词,动词要 + ing) in 在里面 , on 在上面 , at 在某地 / 某时, abou
47、t 关于, for 没有实意 , by 通过 /在旁边, with 和 / 有 , without 没有, of没有实意, after在---之后 , before 在—之前 from 从--- , under 在---下面, behind 在---后面, beside 在---旁边 三二 .连词 and 和, or 或者 / 否则, because 因为, so所以 , (al)though 虽然 , but 但是 , as soon as一---就, not---until 直到--
48、才 注意:在英语的句子里面because和so,(al)though和but,不能同使用。 错:Because I am ill ,so I stay at home. Although I am young ,but I am tall. 三三、以ed和ing结尾的形容词的区别:ed结尾的形容词主语是人,ing结尾的形容词主语是物 excited interested frightened surprised bored relaxed exciting interesting f
49、rightening surprising boring relaxing The film is very ________ , we are very _________ about it (excite) It is an ___________ book, I am ___________ in reading it. (interest) 三四.就近原则 there be 有 There ______(be)one pen and two books on the desk. either---or 或者
50、 Either my parents or my sister often_____(go) swimming neither---nor两者都不 Neither you nor I ______(be) good student. not only---but also 不但---而且 Not only you but also she______(have) a computer 三五。被动语态: 1. 一般现在时的被动语态:is/am/are+过去分词 The bikes are made by them






