高中英语-动词时态、语态名师导学导练精析精解-北师大版.doc

动词时态、语态
高考考点导向
动词时态作为学好英语的一个重要方面，也是高考考查的重点，因此要十分熟悉各种时态的公式、用法等基础知识，尤其对“现在完成时”“过去完成时”等难点加以认真体会、总结，重点掌握。考生在答题时还应注意，高考的命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用与呼应，时态在从句中的应用，惯用时态的搭配，与语态的结合使用等，会成为考查的热点，并会在情景交际中设计进行考查。
一方面，由于英语里大量句式是主动语态，大家很自然地使用主动式，而忽略了被动式。另一方面，由于受汉语的影响，有些考生可能将英语中的许多不及物的动词(短语)用在被动语态中。加上考生对题干所表达的语境理解不够，因此在被动语态的考题中失误较多。历年考题中对语态的考查侧重于：
1.被动语态中时态的正确运用。
2.态动词后的被动语态。
3.被动语态的否定形式。
4.表示被动意义的主动形式。
以be done为基础的多种时态形式(如to be done，will be done以及含有情态动词的be done)会是考查的热点(今后高考中being done，have been done仅要求理解，不作考点)，但更趋向于凭借所示语境让考生进行推断，如在题干中不显示动作的执行者或by短语，以增加些难度。因此在平时的学习中，注意语态的选用，不能根据汉语生搬硬套。
高考考题解析
[考题1](典型例题)
—You're drinking too much．
—Only at home．Noone _______me but you．
A. is seeing B．had seen C．sees D．saw
[解析]see常表示看的结果，它是瞬间动词，瞬间动词常不用进行时态，所以先排除A项。第一句话you're drinking too much表示喝酒的事就发生在此时此刻，故不能用过去时态，这就排除了B和D。
[答案]C
[考题2](典型例题)
All the preparations for the task_______，and we're ready to start．
A．completed B．complete
C．had been completed D．have been completed
[解析]两个结构中间有and连接，表明前后都是两个句子，而不是独立主格结构，排除A和B项。第二句中的时态为现在时，没有过去的立足点，因此不可能用过去完成时，排除了C项。
[答案]D
[考题3](NMET 典型例题 —You've left the light on．
—Oh，so l have _______and turn it off．
A．I'll go B．I've gone C．I go D．I'm going
[解析]从上下文看，现在灯还亮着，如果要关掉灯，那是将来的动作，所以要用将来时。will do可以表示一种“即兴”的而不是事先有计划的。例如：
—Tom is iii at hospital．
—I'm sorry to hear that．I'll goand see him．(不用I'm going to see．．．)
[答案]A
[考题4](NMET 典型例题
—How are you today?
—Oh，I _______as ill as l no now for a very long time．_______
A．didn't feel B．wasn't feeling C．don't feel D．haven't felt
[解析]句意是：一你今天身体好吗?一噢，我好长时间没感到像现在这样糟糕了。表 示持续到现在的一段时间的状况，用现在完成时。
[答案]D
[考题5](典型例题)
My uncle _______until he was forty-five．
A．married B．didn't marry
C．was not marrying D．would marry
[解析]marry是一个非持续性动词，当until与非延续性动词一起连用时，要用not．．．until的形式。
[答案]B
[考题6](NMET典型例题 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______so rapidly．
A．is changing B．has changed
C．will have changed D．will change
圈 [解析]根据主句所使用的一般现在时可以判断，“现在选购私人用移动电话不容易”，是因为“技术发展快”。will have changed 和 will change是表达将来的变化；has changed表达已经发生的变化。此句中表达的意思为：难选的根本原因是“技术一直在更新，很难完全跟上这种变化”，故进行时最为贴切。
[答案]A
[考题7](典型例题)
Hundreds of jobs _______if the factory closes．
A．10se B．will be lost C．are lost D．will lose
[解析]lose是及物动词，后需接宾语。此句中job与lose之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。if从句中的时态为一般现在时代替将来时，主句中用将来时。
[答案]B
[考题8](典型例题)
I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida．I _______my mum．
A．am taking B．have taken
C．take D．will have taken
[解析]句意是：我已经赢得了一次去Florida两周的假期，我要带着我的妈妈一块去。在选项A中，现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。现在进行时表示将要发生的动作多用在表示来、去等表示运动的动词上。
[答案]A
[考题9](典型例题)
A new cinema _______here．They hope to finish it next month．
A．will be built B．is built
C．has been built D．is being built
[解析]从下文的They hope to finish it next month上看，新电影院的建设正在进行中，故选D。选项D用的是现在进行时的被动语态形式。
[答案]D
[考题10](NMET 典型例题 I _______ping-pong quite well，but l haven't had time to play since the new year．
A．will play B．have played C．played D．play
[解析]本题考查动词时态。will play表示将来的情况；have played表示过去的行为并对现在产生影响，但在这里与句中but I haven't had time to play since the new year题意不合。
played表示过去的情况，与现在或将来无关。一般现在时play可以表达主语的一贯能力，在具体语境中尤其如此。本句表示“我乒乓球打得很好，只是新年以来没有时间打了。”
[答案]D
[考题11](NMET典型例题 Visitors _______not to touch the exhibits．
A．will request B．request C．are requesting D．are requested
[解析]句意是：要求参观者不要动展品。visitors(参观者)与request(要求)之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。
[答案]D
[考题12](典型例题)
John and I _______friends for eight years．We first got to know each other at a Christmas party．But we _______each other a couple of times before that．
A．had been；have seen B．have been；have seen
C．had been；had seen D．have been；had seen
[解析]第一空用现在完成时，因为它表示从8年前开始一直延续到现在的动作。第二空用过去完成时，因为它发生在过去的一个动作got to know each other之前。
[答案]D
[考题13](典型例题)
This is Ted's photo．We miss him a lot．He _______trying to save a child in the earthquake．
A．killed B．is killed C．was killed D．was killing
[解析]kill是及物动词，或者后接宾语，或者用被动语态，这就否定了选项A和D。因为Ted去世这一动作已经过去，因此用过去时。
[答案]C
[考题14](典型例题)
—How are the team playing?
—They're playing well，but one of them _______hurt．
A．got B．gets C．are D．were
[解析]get后边常接一个过去分词构成get done的形式，这种形式类似于一个被动语态 be done。在这句话里，填was也行。
[答案]A
[考题15](NMET 典型例题 —You haven't said a word about my new coat，Brenda．Do you like it?
—I'm sorry I _______anything about it sooner．I certainly think it's pretty on you．
A．wasn't saying B．don't say C．won't say D．didn't say
[解析]本题考查的是动词时态的用法，检测学生在特定语境中判断使用基本时态的能力。时态的选用仍取决于题干的句意内容，从中找出动作发生的时间，然后确定使用哪种形式的时态。第一轮对话表达的意思为“Brenda，你还没有对我的新外套说些什么呢，你喜欢吗?”。根据此句作出的反应为：“对不起，我没早点说些什么。我当然认为它穿在你身上很漂亮。”由此推断出“没有说些什么”已成过去，也并不表示当时正在进行的动作，故用过去时，而不用过去进行时。
[答案]D
[考题“](NMET 典型例题 I wonder why Jenny _______us recently．We should have heard from her by now．
A．hasn't written B．doesn't write
C．won't write D．hadn't written
[解析]本题考查的是动词的时态。本句中关键词是recently。含有recently，lately，a1— ready，yet，just，ever，never，since和for短语，in the past/last+时间名词，so far等的句子，或一些句型。
如：It is the first time that．．．通常用完成时态。本考题的主句中wonder所用的时态为现在时，根据时态呼应的原则，故宾语从句的时态用现在完成时。句意为“我想知道Jenny为什么最近一段时间没给我写信了。现在我们该收到她的来信了。”
[答案]A
[考题17](典型例题)
The little girl _______her heart out because she _______her toy bear and believed she wasn't ever going t find it．
A．had cried；lost B．cried；had lost
C．has cried；has lost D．cries；has lost
[解析]根据所提供的情境she wasn't ever going to find“可以确定“哭”的动作发生在过去。丢失玩具熊是“哭”的原因，发生在“哭”之前，所以要用过去完成时。
[答案]B
[考题18](典型例题)
—Excuse me，sir. Would you do me a favor?
—Of course，what is it?
—I_______ if you could tell me how to fill out this form．
A．had wondered B．was wondering
C．would wonder D．did wonder
[解析]为了使得一个请求或建议听起来比较委婉，我们可用过去进行时，如I was wondering if you'd like to comem out with me tonight。本题题意：不知道哪天晚上你愿意和我一起去玩。
[答案]B
[考题19](典型例题)
He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _______from the university next year．
A．will graduate B．will have graduated
C．graduates D．is to graduate
[解析]by the time后接定语从句，省略了关系代词when。在这种定语从句中要用——般现在时表示将来。这句话的意思是“到明年他毕业之前，已经学了八年英语。”
[答案]C
[考题20](典型例题)
I feel it is your husband who _______for the spoiled child．
A．is to blame B．is going to blame
C. is to be blamed D．should blame
[解析]be to blame是固定短语，意为“受到责备”，用主动形式表示被动。
[答案]A
[考题21](典型例题)
—Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?
—h_______.
A．all depend B．all depends
C．is a11 depended D．is all depending
[解析]It a11 (just) depends或That depends是固定用法，意思是“这很难说，得看情况。”
[答案]B
[考题22](典型例题春招)
Rain forests _______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in then ear future.
A．cut B．are cut C．are being cut D．had been cut
[解析]本题题意是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和烧掉以至于在不久的将来它们将会消失。”从句子的语境they will disappear from the earth in then ear future可以判断，要用被动语态的现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的事。
[答案]C
[考题23](典型例题春招)
It _______long before we _______the result of the experiment．
A．will not be；will know B．is；will know
C．will not be；know D．is；know
[解析]本题题意是“我们将不久就知道试验的结果。”所以要用一般将来时。It will not be long是主句，意思是“不久”；在before引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。
[答案]C
[考题24](典型例题春招)
—How long _______at this job?
—Since 1990.
A．were you employed B．have you been employed
C．had you been employed D．will you be employed
[解析]since 1990已暗示上句需用现在完成时，根据题意须用被动语态。
[答案]B
[考题25](典型例题春招)
—When will you collie to see me，Dad?
—I will go to see you when you _______the training course．
A．will have finished B．will finish
C．are finishing D．finish
[解析]在时间状语从句中，应用动词的一般现在时态代替将来时。
[答案]D
[考题26](典型例题春招)
By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _______in Beijing．
A．would be completed B．was being completed
C．has been completed D．had been completed
[解析]句中时间状语by the end of last year暗示，要选择过去完成时，表示在过去某时刻之前已经完成的动什 根据需要须用被动语态形式，
[答案]D
[考题27](典型例题春招)
When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _______yet．
A．are not decided B．have not been decided
C．is not being decided D．has not been decided
[解析]本题中when和where是属于两个概念，但用在同一不定式中，一个不定式作主语时应用单数谓语；yet提示动作已经发生。
[答案]D
[考题28](NMET 典型例题ll morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor，her nervousness
A．has grown B．is growing C．grew D．had grown
[解析]因主从句动作同时发生，故需用相同时态。其余各项显然不符合该题语境要求。
[答案]C
[考题29]NMET典型例题 Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days．
A．be stayed B．stay C．be staying D．have stayed
[解析]stay用作连系动词，意为“维持(……的状态)”“保持”，此种用法的stay不能
用于进行时态。
[答案]B
[考题30](典型例题)
The news came as no surprise to me．I _______for some time that the factory was going to shut down．
A．had known B．knew C．have known D．know
[解析]因谓语动词动作发生在前一句动作之前，故应使用过去完成时。
[答案]A
[考题31](典型例题)
—_______David and Vicky _______married?
—For about three years．
A．How long were；being B．How long have；got
C．How long have；been D．How long did；get
[解析]be married表示状态，可以持续一段时间；get married表示动作，是终止性动作，不能持续。
[答案]C
[考题32](典型例题)
—At this time to morrow _______over the Atlantic．
A．we're going to fly B．we'll be flying
C．we'll fly D．we're to fly
[解析]将来进行时用来表示在将来某时正在做或发生的动作；句首时间状语已提供暗示。
[答案]B
[考题33](典型例题)
I thought Jim would say something about his school report，but he _______it．
A．doesn't mention B．hadn't mentioned
C．didn't mention D．hasn't mentioned
[解析]表示过去某时的具体动作时应该用一般过去时，而不能用过去完成时。
[答案]C
[考题34](NMET 典型例题 I _______you not to move my dictionary-now l can't find it．
A．asked B．ask
C．was asking D．had asked
[解析]asked表示“过去曾叫你不要动我的字典”，并非表示“过去正在问”。ask与题意不符，had done则没有过去的时间立足点。
[答案]A
[考题35](NMET 典型例题 —Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea．He_______ it this morning．
A．did B．has done
C．was doing D．had done
[解析]本题检测时态，根据回答“我不知道(Sam是否完成了他的作业)”可知，动作不一定完成，was doing(整个上午都在做，不一定做完)；选项C符合题意。did则表示做完某动作。
[答案]C
[考题36](NMET 典型例题 According to the art dealer，the painting _______to go for at least a million dollars．
A．is expected B．expects
C．expected D．is expecting
[解析]the painting与expect之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。
[答案]A
[考题37](NMET 典型例题)
More patients _______in hospital this year than last year．
A．treated B．have treated
C．had been treated D．have been treated
[解析]主句的时间状语是this year，因此首先排除与过去有关的时态A、C项；patients与treat“治疗”之间为被动关系，因此答案为D。
[答案]D
[考题38](NMET 典型例题)
Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s，when people_______to enjoy the advantages of this new technology．
A．begin B．bcgan
C．have begun D．had begun
[解析]when引导的是定语从句，即指1990s，因此用过去时began。
[答案]B
[考题39](典型例题春季)
Although he has lived with us foryears，he_________usmuch impression．
A.hadn't leh B．didn'tleave
C．doesn't leave D．hasn't left
[解析] 上文中的完成时对下文是暗示：尽管和我们已经一块住了多年，但是他还是没全我们留下什么印象。
[答案]D
[考题40](典型例题春季)
Noone in the department but Tomand I_________that the director is going to resign．
A．knows B．know
C．have known D．am toknow
[解析]no one but．．．做主语时，谓语动词根据no one确定。
[答案]A高考仿真训练
1. I'm terribly sorry for being late, but I_________ the wrong bus.
A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching
2. —Where is your uncle's home?
—In New York. But he_________in Boston for the past four years.
A. had lived B. is living
C. lives D. has lived
3. Although she_________law for only a little over eight years, Florence Allen became in 1922 the first woman to sit on a state supreme court.
A. will practice B. practices
C. had practiced D. has been practicing
4. —Where_________the guidebook? I can't see it anywhere.
—I_________it right here, but now it's gone.
A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put
C. have you put; put D. were you putting; put
5. —How is the old man now?
—Sorry, he________though they did all they could to save him.
A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died
6. The lake will be further polluted unless some measures_________.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
7. I'm afraid it will be two months_________.
A. when I come back B. when I'll come back
C. before I come back D. before I'll come back
8. The workers_________busily when the boss came to look for .something she_________ the office.
A. had worked had left B. were working; had left
C. working; had left D. had worked; left
9. I didn't like Aunt Lucy, who_________without warning.
A. always turned up B. has always turned up
C. had always turned up D. was always turning up
10. The box_________ Better call in a mechanic (修理工).
A. isn't open B. hasn't been opened
C. isn't be opened D. won't open
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