阅读理解“解题六忌”.doc

阅读理解“解题六忌”
高考阅读理解的测试在最近十年里发生了巨大的变化。篇幅上从四篇短文发展到五篇短文，短文词量和试题词量的和达到了2000－2300；阅读时间自2000 年以来从原来的50分钟缩短到了35 分钟。无论从阅读量的增加，阅读速度的提高还是分数比例的重大，这几方面都体现出高考对阅读能力的重视。“侧重提高阅读能力”已经成为英语教学的重中之重。 但是无论是老师还是学生都过于强调从正面培养阅读技巧，而忽视了从反方向审视阅读。针对这种情况，笔者总结了阅读理解题的六大注意事项，仅供参考。
I 忌审题不认真，张冠李戴
例1： NMET 2001 B
Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo .Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel ,the world’s first igloo hotel .Built in a small town in Lapland ,it has been attracting lots of visitors ,but soon the fun will be over .
In two weeks’ time Bergqvist’s creation (作品) will be nothing more than a pool of water . “ We don’t see it as a big problem ,” he says . “ We just look forward to replacing it .”
Bergqvist built his first igloo in 1991 for an art exhibition . It was so successful that he designed the present one ,which measures roughly 200 square metres . Six workmen spent more than eight weeks piling 1,000 tons of snow onto a wooden base; when the snow froze , the base was removed . “ The only wooden thing we have left in the igloo is the front door , “ he says . After their stay , all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success . With no windows , nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0° C , it may seem more like a survival test than a relaxing (轻松的) hotel break . “ It’s great fun , “ Bergqvist explains , “ as well as a good start in survival training . “
1 Bergqvist designed and built the world’s first hotel because ______ .
A he believed people would enjoy trying something new
B he wanted to make a name for the small town
C an art exhibition was about to open
D more hotel rooms were needed
答案： A 答案的出处在文章第一段的前两句。但是很多考生选择 C ,错误答案出自于第三段的第一句。 错误的原因是典型的张冠李戴：把题干中的first hotel 错看成了first igloo .
例2 ： NMET2003 C
Tales From Animal Hospital
David Gram
David Gram has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Gram tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery(外科手术). Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!
￡14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster
ISBN 0751304417
63．What is Animal Hospital?
A A news story.．B A popular book. C．A research report. D A TV programme.
答案： D 答案的出处在文章的第一句和最后一句。关键词是 a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital和all fans of the programme .但很多同学选择B ，因为他把 Animal Hospital看成了Tales From Animal Hospital.
II忌断章取义
例1： NMET2001 B （原文参照第一部分）
63. Which of the four pictures below is the closest to the igloo hotel as described in the text?

答案： A 但是很多学生选C , 因为“when the snow froze , the base was removed”这个细节被漏过去了。
III 忌忽视文体的特征
1 新闻体或通知：新闻或通知的主题一般在第一段或前两段中，因此如果要选择文章的title ,purpose ,main idea 一般到第一段或前两段中去找。（由于篇幅所限，以下高考题原文省略）
例1： NMET95 E
1．The main purpose of this announcement is to .
A tell students of important schedule changes
B tell students of new bus and library services
C show the excellent services for students
D ask students to renew their library cards
答案: A 本文是一篇announcement , 此题的答案出自于文章的第一句。
例2： NMET97 A
51．This news story is mainly about _______ .
A when the contest started B how the contest got its name
C the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest
D the 5th national Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest
答案：D 出处在第一段，且D答案包含A B C 三项。
2幽默体:幽默点通常在文章的结尾。幽默的写作目的就是讲一个笑话，让大家笑笑而已，没有什么深刻的道理。
例1 ： MET92 B
5．The writer tells this story to______.
A show the dangerous side of the astronauts’ life
B show the funny side of the astronauts’ life
C make people laugh D make people think
答案： C
例2： NMET2000 B
54．The writer’s purpose in writing this story is _______ .
A to tell an interesting experience
B to show the easiest way out of a difficulty
C to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
D to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
答案：A
3广告体 广告体的标志是：结尾一般有电话，传真，e-mail等联系方式，或在结尾标明产品的价格，书号（ISBN）等。广告的目的就是推销产品，推销服务，招聘或招生等。
例1： NMET2002 E
72．The main purpose of writing this text is __________ .
A to share information about party planning
B to introduce the joys of a birthday party
C to announce a business plan D to sell a service
答案： D
例2： NMET2003 C
67．What is the purpose of writing these three texts ?
A To make the books easier to read
B To show the importance of science
C To introduce new authors D To sell the books
答案：D
例3： NMET 2004 A
56. What is the purpose of the text ?
A To introduce a language school in Japan
B To hire language teachers to work in Japan
C To describe working conditions in Japan
D To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers
答案： B
IV忌主观臆断 有些学生不顾文章的内容，根据生活常识，个人经验猜测作者的想法。
例1: NMET 2003 C
Isaac Newton: The Last sorcerer
Michael White
From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science, comes this colourful description of the life of the world’s first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact. Michael White’s learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic(魔术) ended and science began.
￡18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate
ISBN 1857024168
64．In Michael White’s book, Newton is described as _________.
A．a person who did not look the same as in many pictures
B．a person who lived a colorful and meaningful life
C．a great but not perfect man
D．an old-time magician
答案：C 但很多同学选择B ，因为没有认真阅读原文而凭主观臆断,想当然地认为伟大的人物的生活就应该是丰富多彩的。
V忌只看字面意义，误解说话者或作者的真正语气。例如：
例 1 ： MET90 B
4．What kind of man would you say the old man was ?
A He was silly
B he was unpleasant
C he was very proud and sure of his health
D He was very impolite to young people
这篇短文是一高寿老人在过完99岁生日时接受记者采访时与记者的一段对话。我们从第二段老人的话，“没错，99岁，这世界上我是一个敌人也没有了，他们全死了。”和最后一段的话“我不明白你怎么不能来向我祝贺百岁寿辰，你看起来身体挺棒吗？”可以体会出老人对自己健康的自豪和自信。因此选C .很多学生只看字面意义，选择了D。
例2： NMET97 A
53．It can be inferred from the text that the teacher from Guangdong province _______.
A felt proud of the gold medal winners
B wondered if the students were honest
C thought that the problems were too difficult for the students
D believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university
答案：A “许多题目是大学水平的。这些学生能算出来，真是难以想象！”这句话真切地体现出老师为学生自豪。但许多学生误选C。
VI 忌深究生词。很多学生在阅读的过程中一碰到生词就停下，非得弄清它的意思之后再继续阅读，这其实是个误区。有些生词对于理解文章的整体意义没有大的妨碍，与文后的问题也无关，所以根本不必理会.
例1：NMET2003 B 第二句：
With their shining brown eyes ,wagging tails ,and unconditional love ,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心）,according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City .
很多学生对这个长句不知所措,因为里面生词很多，包括：shining ,wagging ,unconditional ,nonjudgmental .实际上我们可以不考虑他们，而把这个长句化成只包含中心词的短句： With their eyes ,tails and love, dogs can provide the listeners for a beginning reader to gain confidence. 用他们的眼睛，尾巴和爱，狗给初读者提供了听众，以让他们获得信心。
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