四级写作参考素材.doc

英语四级作文预测素材

竞争还是合作
Competition is inevitable; it’s human nature. Competition builds character; it strengthens our self-esteem. Competition is regarded as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest people regardless of their social status. Competition is required to help us reach our fullest potential. (Natural selection and survival of the fittest.)
Cooperation offers us a break from the pressure and stress of competition. A win-win approach tends to fosters exploration of the root causes of the conflict and leads to constructive, sustainable solutions with positive expectation for future encounters. Cooperative groups display more coordinated efforts, more division of labor, more acceptance of other ideas, and fewer communication difficulties than competitive groups. Two heads are better than one. Cooperation is marvelously successful at helping children to communicate effectively, to trust in others and to accept those who are different from themselves.
关于时尚
A good appearance may help people make a better impression in social contacts. The way people are dressed helps them to preserve a sense of their own value and personality. Fashion adds spice to life with its rich color, variety, and beauty. The world will be a dull place to live in if people always wear clothes of the same style and color. The fashion industry is an enormous one. It provides employment for people like textile workers, designers, shopkeepers, etc. Being well-dressed is of psychological importance because confidence in one's appearance leads to confidence in one's success in life.
People sometimes look odd with the so-called fashionable hairstyles, make-up, and dresses.
Changing fashions is a deliberate creation of waste because one will have to discard a lot of new clothes in order to follow fashions. In order to follow fashions, people have to put up with great discomfort, such as suffering from cold in winter. One's confidence does not grow from the way one is dressed, but from the inner qualities one possesses.
关于旅游
It is necessary to develop the tourist trade, for it contributes a lot to increasing understanding between nations. As the saying goes, “Seeing is believing.” Only a trip to an unfamiliar land can help us understand the people and culture there. Since tourism helps increase understanding between people, it will finally wipe out prejudice against other nations, and make the world a more peaceful one. Tourism contributes significantly to many countries' GNP (Gross National Product). The economy of some nations is based on the tourist industry. Tourism helps develop a nation’s commerce because tourists are most likely to buy souvenirs wherever they go. Tourism provides jobs for many people and helps solve or ease the social problem of unemployment. Tourism helps accelerate a city's construction and its embellishment. Contact with tourists from afar widens the horizon of the local people. The tourist trade gives people a chance to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the world and the wonders of mankind. Tourism will help people learn about different cultures of the world.
Tourism makes some parts of the world too crowded a place to live in. Tourism creates pollution and has destroyed many beautiful scenic spots. Tourists cannot have a full enjoyment of the beautiful scenery because the places they visit are restricted by organizers. As the saying goes, “Travel makes a wise man better, but a fool worse.”
关于文化与文明
Technical skills are over-emphasized in schools and the wider society. People often turn a blind eye to the fact that Chinese classics include abundant virtues and philosophies of our nation and teach us to become people of virtue. The value of reciting classics lies in the spiritual dimension rather than practical use.
It is ridiculous to teach children to recite classic works, according to those who opposite this activity and consider those works as outdated and boring. What is urgent, from their perspective is to establish the new social values of the market economy, instead of promoting the old values of the feudal society.
Some classical literary works, such as our four great classics i.e. A Dream of Red Mansions, Journey to the West, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Heroes of the Marshes, are all adapted to cater to some readers’ tastes. The traditional characters become so strange and the plots are totally different. It is so ridiculous that the precious literary treasures are allowed to be ruined so much. As we all know, the classical literature is the representation of the outstanding art of our nation. Some familiar characters such as Monkey King express the good wishes of our common people. From them, we learn many good virtues such as honesty, bravery, justice etc. However, in some adapted works named “Bantering…”or “Reboiling…”, all plots are changed and all characters become somewhat watered clown. Some readers interested in reading burlesque works have high praise for them. But they never think of the negative effects of such adaptations on average readers, especially to children. Children are the future of the nation. They always believe that what is in the books is the truth. Those adapted works will affect their outlook on life.
关于环境
Though it may be hard for some people to willingly accept, no one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, can deny that the world we live in is becoming increasingly intolerable because of the effects of global warming. Even worse, the attention we paid to it is so inadequate that, according to my experts, even greater impacts are still on the way.
There are numerous causes for this problem, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. On the one hand, the theory and evidence that I have seen all seems to strongly suggest that human-related emissions of carbon into the atmosphere is causing, and will in the future cause, significant global warming. On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem.
This global warming is on such a scale that it will influence both poor and rich countries. It could even make large sections of the earth uninhabitable. It is urgent that immediate and effetive actions should be taken right away. First, more trees need to be planted to help improve and beautify the environment. Besides, stricter laws concerning global warming and irresponsible use of fuel resources have to be put into effect and achieved good results. As an individual, there are lots way to reduce the global warming: to ride a bike instead of a car,to use environmental plastic bags and so on. In a word, there is a long way to go before we can take a comfortable world for granted again.
相关材料(This is a global issue, it need everyone who stay on the only earth to consider it, solve it together. In order to protect our home, we do as many as we can to reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to stop the temperature rising. Among such a huge population on this planet, some have a conscience of responsibility to protect the environment, whilst others only care about their interests and ignore possible impacts upon environment.)
关于奥运
"The Games of the 29th Olympics in 2008 are awarded to the city of Beijing."
The International Olympic Committee selected the Chinese capital as the 2008 host in Friday's vote during Juan Antonio Samaranch's last IOC session as president.The attraction of staging the Games in a country which has the world's largest population, as well as huge economic potential, won the IOC's heart.
Beijing defeated four other bidding cities, including Toronto and Paris, to secure the country's first-ever Olympics. Osaka was the first city to go out, and it only took one more round for Beijing to win the Olympic race.
The announcement, read out by the 81-year-old Samaranch, was answered with wild jubilation from the Chinese delegation in Moscow, and with fireworks in Beijing.IOC senior member Kim Un-Yong said after the voting that Beijing deserved the Olympic Games.

　　"Beijing is capable of staging a great Olympic Games," said the 71-year-old South Korean. "The result wasn't a surprise to me."
　　With the motto "New Beijing, Great Olympics", Beijing promises to host a "Green Olympics", a "Hi-tech Olympics" and the "People's Olympics".
The 3,000-year-old city is becoming a truly international city and showing a new, vigorous image through its ongoing economic reforms.
　　Beijing enjoys the widest popular support among the five bidding cities. A Gallup opinion poll commissioned by the government showed 94.9 percent of the public in favor of it. The IOC's own surveys found support even higher. The Chinese government has pledged to spend 20 billion U.S. dollars building sports complexes and refurbishing the Beijing infrastructure. There are plans for a new exhibition center with twin skyscrapers that could be taller than any in the world.
The year of 2008 is getting closer and closer to us. We need to take actions from now on to prepare for the game. What we need to do most is to work on our disadvantages and shortcomings. As a student of Senior high, I can do my own part. Although I can’t transform our city into more a beautiful place on my own, I can help Beijing in small ways and encourage our classmates and people around me to follow my lead.
Let me take the environment for example, the atmosphere around Beijing is quite disappointing, factories and cars keep giving off exhausts into the air, we can hardly see the blue sky with our naked eyes, because the sky is covered with a thick layer of harmful substances. The sky is gray instead of blue. To our delight, the government has passed some laws of protecting the air, and we can do something useful, too. For example, whenever we go out for a long distance, ride the bike or take the buses and subways instead of taxis. You may not have a clue how it works. Of course doing that only by one person is far from enough, but we can let more people do that together. In that case the result may be more than we bargained for.
　　Another thing we need to work on is our English skills. Teachers and parents often put great emphasis on our English skills especially listening and speaking. I want to be a volunteer in 2008, to be an interpreter. For now, I must do something helpful to improve my spoken English. Rome isn’t build in a day, so is English. It can’t be improved in a day or two. It takes time and energy. There are no shortcuts to improve your spoken English; the most productive way is to grab all opportunities around you to open your mouth. For instance, taking part in all kinds of English contests is a good way, you can meet some excellent contestants, and you can share the experience of learning and some good method of learning. I will keep participating in all English activities to polish up my English. I’m sure by the year of 2008, I will be able to master English well just as my mother tongue.
All in all, I’m sure that Beijing Olympic Games will be one of the most successful Games in history. I believe our long-cherished dream will be fulfilled in a perfect way!
关于老龄化
在世界人口走向老龄化和发达国家人口老龄化发展的同时，中国人口老龄化也在加剧。人口老龄化的产生，正是社会进步、经济发展的结果。中国人口转变一般被认为始于新中国成立，起先是死亡率明显而迅速地下降。而全国性的生育率转变则始于20世纪70年代初期国家计划生育政策的介入，并迅速由高生育率水平转向低生育率水平。这样人口的老龄化就导致了劳动力人口负担不断增大的问题，影响了我国社会经济的发展，并对相应基础设施、法律制度等物质及精神各方面的建设提出了新的要求。
针对这一情况全国老龄委发布了《中国老龄事业发展“十一五”规划》，提出了“十一五”期间，中国在养老保障、医疗保障、社会救助等，以及老龄事业基础设施建设、老年产业、老年精神文化生活等方面所要实现的目标和任务。我们既要正确认识中国人口老龄化的形成原因、基本特征、发展趋势以及可能产生的社会经济后果，更要弄清人口老龄化对社会经济运行及可持续发展的影响。惟此，才能提高决策的科学性和可行性，解决好人口老龄化问题，为实施可持续发展战略创造有利的人口环境。通过对人口老龄化的科学内涵的界定，明确我国人口老龄化的成因。通过对人口老龄化的演进过程的研究，重点阐述我国人口老龄化的特征及其对经济、社会和家庭等各方面的影响，从而解决自身不足，提出解决人口老龄化问题的相应对策措施。
Of the world's population aging and the aging of the population in developed countries the same time, China's aging population has intensified. The aging of the population have is social progress and economic development. China's population changes are generally believed to have started in the founding of new China, the mortality rate is initially clear and rapid decline. And the national fertility rate change is the 20th century began in the early 1970s to the national family planning policy intervention and quickly from the high level of fertility to low fertility level. Thus, the aging of the population has led to the burden of the working population growing problems affecting China's social and economic development, as well as the corresponding infrastructure, legal system and other material and the spirit of building the new requirements. In view of this situation the National Committee on Aging issued a "development of the cause of aging," 11th Five-Year "plan" the "11th Five-Year Plan" period,
China's old-age security, medical insurance, social relief, and the cause of aging infrastructure construction, older industries, the elderly spiritual and cultural life, and other fields to achieve the objectives and tasks. We should correctly understand China's population aging of the formation, basic features, Development trends and possible socio-economic consequences, more to be cognizant of the aging of the population and sustainable socio-economic operations development. Only then can we make decision-making more scientific and feasibility of solving the problem of aging population. to the implementation of a sustainable development strategy to create an enabling environment for the population. Based on the aging of the population scientific content defined clearly China's aging population causes. Based on the aging of the population evolution of the study focuses on the aging of China's population and the characteristics of the economy, society and the family, as well as the impact, so as to solve their own inadequate solve the problem of aging population in the corresponding countermeasures.
关键词：
人口老龄化 Population old age
人口负担 Population burden
老年社会保障 Old age social security
可持续发展 Sustainable development