不同国家的人的单复数.doc

不同国家的人的单复数
名称　　总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　 两个人　　　　　
中国人　　the Chinese　　　a Chinese　 two Chinese
瑞士人　　the Swiss　　　　a Swiss　　 two Swiss
日本人　　the Japanese　　 a Japanese　 two Japanese
澳大利亚人the Australians　an Australian　 two Australians　　　　　　　　
俄国人　　the Russians　　 a Russian　　 two Russians
意大利人　the Italians　　 an Italian　 two Italians
希腊人　　the Greek　　　 a Greek　　　 two Greeks
法国人　　the French　　　 a Frenchman　 two Frenchmen
美国人　　the Americans　 an American　 two Americans
印度人　　the Indians　　 an Indian　　 two Indians
加拿大人　the Canadians　 a Canadian　 two Canadians
德国人　　the Germans　　 a Germans　　 two Germans
英国人　　the English　　 an Englishman　 two Englishmen
瑞典人　　the Swedish　　 a Swede　　　 two Swedes　　　　

系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语
　　He fell ill yesterday.　
　　He fell off the ladder　
1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：
He always kept silent at meeting.　他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery.　此事仍是一个谜。
3）表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：
He looks tired.　他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad.　他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：
　This kind of cloth feels very soft.　
　这种布手感很软。
　This flower smells very sweet.　
　这朵花闻起来很香。
5）变化系动词
　这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.
例如：
　　He became mad after that.　自那之后，他疯了。
　　She grew rich with in a short time.　她没多长时间就富了。
6）终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,trun out,表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
　　The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。
　　The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。
　　His plan turned out a success.　他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

十五。动词搭配
1. add to增加，增进
  add … to把…加进…
  add up相加
  add up to总计，所有这一切说明
  1) I don't think these facts will ________ anything.
  2) Fifty new books have been ________ the library.
  3) The music _________ our enjoyment of the film.
  4) You must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________.
  ( add up to, added to, add to, added…up )
2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉
  break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开
  break off暂停，中断
  break in强行进入，插话
  break into闯入
break into pieces成为碎片
  break out爆发
  break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散
  break through突破
  1) The criminal managed to break _______  ______ the police and ran into the woods.
  2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried.
  3) Don't break ________ while others are speaking.
  4) Why don't you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee?
  5) When does school break ________?
  6) After harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.

  ( away from, down, in, off, up, up )
3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
  bring about造成
  bring out拿出，出版
  bring in引入，引进，挣钱
  bring back使回想起
  bring down使下降，使倒下
  1) The shopkeeper brought his price _________ to only five dollars.
  2) The school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral English.
  3) The song brought ___________ happy memories of our schooldays.
  4) Do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding?
  5) The kind old man agreed to bring __________ the young orphan.
  6) We decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting.
  7) The wind brought _______ a lot of trees last night.
  8) Next month they will  bring ________ a new edition of  the book.
  ( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )
4. call on号召，拜访（某人）
  call at拜访、参观（某地）
  call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要
  call up使回忆起, 征召入伍
  call in召集，请某人来
  call out大喊，高叫
  call off取消，不举行
  1) Doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.
  2) Please wait for me at home. I'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight.
  3) The trains calls _______ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou.
  4) He called her name __________, but she didn't answer.
  5) The sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain.
  ( in, for, at, out, off)
5. come about发生，出现
  come down下跌，落，降，传下来
  come in进来
  come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)
  come on来临/ 快点
  come out出版，结果是
  come along一道来，赶快
  come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是
  come over走过来
  come up发芽，走近
  come across偶然碰到
  come back回想起
  come from来自，源自
  1) I come _________ the book I lent you last month.
  2) How did it come _________ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map.
  3) It suddenly came _________ to me where I had seen the boy before.
  4) Come __________ now, or else we shall be late.
  5) He came __________ me like a tiger.
  6) The price of petrol has come _________ since the beginning of this year.
  7) The word came __________ use many years ago.
  8) When the examination result came _________, he had already got a job.
  9)The bill came __________ over a thousand dollars.
  10) I sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet.
  ( for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up )
6. cut across抄近路
  cut down砍倒，削减
  cut off切断，割掉，断绝关系
  cut up连根拔除，切碎
  through剪断，凿穿
  cut out删（省）掉，戒掉
  cut in插嘴
  1) Don't cut ___ this tree. It will be very shady in summer.
  2) You must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness.
  3) We decided to cut _________ the moor（旷野） to the village.
  4) Cutting the tree ____ means cutting the tree into pieces.
  5) The electricity was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill.
  6) We were having a pleasant conversation when Tom cut __________.
 （down, down, across, up, off, in ）
7. die of (disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）
  die from死于（意外事故、情形）
  die away渐渐消逝
  die out绝种
  die down(炉火)渐熄
  die off逐一死去
8. fall behind落后
  fall over one's feet 跌跤
  fall down掉下，跌倒
  fall back撤退，后退
  1) Babies often fall _____ when they are learning to walk.
  2) Our team seems to have fallen __________ the others.
  3) As soon as the enemies fell __________, the people returned to their village.
  4) She fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken.
 （down, behind, back, over ）  
9. go in for从事，喜爱，参加
  go through通过，经受
  go over复习，检查
  go up（价格）上涨，建造起来
  go after追捕，追赶
  go against违反
  go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧
  go away离开
  go by时间过去
  go down下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉
  go on(with)继续进行
  go with相配，陪同
  go without没有，缺少
  go out外出，熄灭
  go all out全力以赴
  go off爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应
  go back on背约，食言
  go beyond超出
  1) Many new factories have gone __ in the past few years.
  2) Rents have gone __________ greatly recently.
  3) Many years have gone ___________ since we first met.
  4) Let's continue our journey until the sun goes _______.
  5) His actions went ___________ the will of the people,
  6) I can't do it, for it goes ___________ my duty.
  7) Over 100 students went ____________ this entrance examination.
  8) The bomb went ____________ and killed ten people.
  9) The buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reaching a decision.  
  10) This tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shirt.
  11) If you think you can solve the problem, go ______.
  12) Many students went __________ playing basketball.
  (up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for )
10. get down下来，记下，使沮丧
get down to致力于，专心于
   get on进展，进步，穿上，上车
   get off脱下,下车
   get in收集，插（话）
   get away逃跑，逃脱，去休假
   get over忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复
   get along with进展，相处
   get up起床
   get through打通电话，完成，通过
   get round消息传开
   get close to sth. 接近，几乎
   get into (trouble)
   get to (know)
   get back取回，收回
   get out
   1) She spoke so fast that I couldn't get ____ what he said.
   2) We will find ways to get _________ difficulties.
   3) The story has got __________, and everyone knows about it.
   4) When I get _________ with the report, I'll go to the cinema.
   5) After a delicious meal the two men got __________ to business.
   6) Don't always get __________ a word when others are speaking.
   7) It took me a long time to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience.
   (down, over, round, through, down, in, over)
11. give away赠送，泄露，出卖
   give out发出，疲劳，分发，公布
   give off发出（光、热、气体）
   give in (to sb.) 屈服
   give up放弃，让（座位）
   1) His accent at last gave him __________.
   2) The liquid gave ________ a strong smell.
   3) The headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-winners.
   4) The soldiers gave _________ the town to the enemies.
   5) Who will help me to give the books ___________?
   6) Don't believe in those who give his friends ________.
   7) After a long walk, my strength gave ____________.
   (away, off, out, up, out, away, out)
12. hand in交上，提交
   hand out分发
   hand down流传，遗传
13. hang about闲逛
   hang up挂电话
14. hold back阻止，隐瞒
   hold up举起，使停顿
   hold on别挂电话，等，坚持
   hold out持续，坚持，伸出
   hold down控制，镇压
   1) I'm sure he is holding something _________.
   2) She managed to hold ______ her emotion until her guests had left. Then she cried.
   3) Tell him to hold ________ a moment. I'll come soon.
   4) Our food supply won't hold _________ for more than a few days.
   5) The train was held ________ as a result of the floods.
   6) These measures helped to hold ___________ the city's population.
   7) Hold ___________ your left arm, please.
   (back, back, on, out, up, down, up)
15. keep up (courage, English, spirits)保持，
   keep up with跟上
   keep off (grass)不接近，离开
   keep away from避开，不接近，离…远远的
   keep out of
   keep to (rules, promise)坚持，遵守   
   keep on继续，坚持下来
   keep back阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下
   keep from克制，阻止
   1) The angry lady told the strangers to keep ________ from her.
   2) I can hardly keep ________ my tears after hearing his words.
   3) Only pride kept her __________ bursting into tears.
   4) I can scarcely keep __________ asking him what he has done.
   5) "Don't touch me," screamed the woman, "Keep __________!"

   6) Keep _________ until you succeed.
   7) Keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed in the end.
   8) The thick coat can keep the cold ___________.
   9) Always try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game.
   10) I can't keep ________ with everything you're doing.
   (away back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up)
16. knock at/on敲
   knock into撞到某人身上
   knock down撞倒
   knock out of把…敲出
   knock over撞倒
   knock off停止工作，休息
   1) The boxer soon knocked his opponent _________.
   2) The office stuff knocks _________ at six every day.
   3) Try knocking ____ the window and see if there is anyone indoors.
   4) He was so absorbed in his book that he knocked __________ the car parked there.
   (down, off, on, into)
17. leave for离开前往
   leave out删去，遗漏
   leave behind遗留,忘记拿走
   leave to留给，遗嘱赠于
   leave over遗留，剩下，延期
   1) "Whose name has been left __________?" demanded the teacher.
   2) When he died, he left all his property _____ his niece.
   3) He suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella ___________.
   4) Don't leave this matter _________ until tomorrow.
   5) Leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow.
   6) Those are questions left _________ by history.
   (out, to, behind, over, over, over)
18. look up查找，向上看
   look through翻阅，浏览
   look on旁观
   look on…as看作
   look into调查
   look after/ at / for 照顾/看/寻找
   look out(for)当心
   look about / around/round四下查看
   look down upon瞧不起
   look back upon回忆，回顾

   look ab. up and down仔细打量某人
look ab in the face/eyes直视某人
   1) I spent two hours looking ______ the students' papers.
   2)Look _______! There is a big hole in front.
   3) He took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked ______ and cheered for him.
   4) The old man looked _____ upon the days of his youth.
   5) She was so snobbish（势利）that she looked __________ upon all his neighbours.
   6) The police promised to look __________ the case as soon as possible.
   7) He looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing.
   (through, out, on, back, down, into about/around/round)
19. make up编造，配制，打扮，组成
   make up for弥补
   make into / of / from 制成
   make out弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）
   make for走向，驶往，促使
   1) Can you make this length of cloth __________ a suit?
   2) I asked the driver if he was making ___________ London?
   3) My father made _________ a check for me to buy the camera.
   4) We must make the loss _________ next week./ He tried hard to make ________ for
     the damage he had done.
   5) He made __________ a story, which I found hard to believe.
   6) Someone is coming, but I can't make ___________ who it is.
   (into, for, out, up/up, up, out)
20. pass away去世
   pass by经过
   pass down(on)…to传给
   pass through经历
   pass over漠视，忽视
   1) The old clock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather.
   2) The man passed ___________ last week in peace.
   3) We are passing ____________ difficult times.
   4) The secretary passed ___________ the details in the first part of his report.
   (down, away, through, over)
21. pay back还钱，报复
   pay for付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应
   pay off还清
   1) How much did you pay __________ the dictionary?
   2) You should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me.
   3) I'll pay him ____________ for all his crimes(罪行) against me.
   4) Some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today.
   5) Has she pay ____________ the debt yet?
  （for, back, back, for, off）
22. pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language
          /knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health)
   pick out挑选，辨认，看出
   1) I picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue.
   2) My friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00.
   3) The patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks.
   4) She picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes.
   5) I can't pick John ___________ in the crowd.
   6) Can I pick __________ VOA with this short-wave radio?
   7) He fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly.
   (up, up, up, out, out, up, up)
   pick cotton/flower/leaves/words选词
23. put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下
   put up with忍受
   put out伸出，扑灭
   put off推迟
   put into放进，翻译
   put away放好，存钱
   put down记下，平息
   put on穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)
   put forward 提出，提前
   put through 接通电话
   put aside放到一边
   put back放回
   1) He put _________ half his wage every week.
   2) The government soon put __________ the revolt（暴乱）.
   3) Put your watch __________. It's slow.
   4) He put __________ his hand for me to shake.
   5). Please put me __________ to Extension（分机）2.
   6) We put ___________ for night at the village inn.
   7) He is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.（摆架子）
   8) We had a telephone put _____________ in our office.
   9) I can't put __________ with your laziness.
   (away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up)
24. pull down拆掉，推翻      pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脱
   pull in进站               pull out取出,(火车)离站
   pull down往下拉,拆毁         pull over驶到一边
   pull through恢复健康,渡过难关