中考英语复习副词和动词的用法归纳.docx

学习目标：掌握副词和动词的用法
学习重点：副词的分类和基本用法，副词的比较级和最高级
考查实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）
学习难点：某些特殊变化的副词的比较级和最高级（well－better－best等）；副词的同级比较（as/ so ... as...的用法）及副词在句中的位置。
连系动词be，feel，look，taste，smell等,助动词do/does/did和have/has及情态动词can，must，may等的用法。
副词的用法
【真题再现】
1.—Please drive ______ when you pass a school. 【2012 山东济南】
—OK. A. nearly B. early C. slowly D. really
2.—Have you ever been to Disneyland? 【2012 山东济南】
—No, ______. I hope I can go there next year.
A. always B. sometimes C. never D. often
3. Mike hurt his back seriously and can_____ get out of bed without help. 【2012 安徽省】
A. quickly B. easily C. nearly D. hardly
4. His grandparents live ____ in a small house, but they don’t feel _____. 【2012 贵州安顺】
A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone
5. The 3D Titanic is a moving film. My parents have seen it twice_______.【2012 湖北黄石】
A. yet B. already C. never D. almost
6. —How is Susan?
—Oh, she lives abroad, so I ever see her. 【2012江苏南京】
A. hardly B. greatly C. clearly D. nearly
7. Don’t talk to anyone about the bad news — not my mother. 【2012 江苏盐城】
A. hardly B. usually C. especially D. simply
8. Laptops are smaller and lighter so that they can be carried very _______.【2012 辽宁大连】
A. clearly B. regularly C. easily D. carefully
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
副词的中考要求是：副词的分类和基本用法，副词的比较级和最高级；某些特殊变化的副词的比较级和最高级（well－better－best等）；副词的同级比较（as/ so ... as...的用法）及副词在句中的位置。
知识总结：
1.副词的分类
1）时间副词：
ago, already, before, ever, early, late, just, now, once, soon, still, then等
2）地点副词：
straight, upstairs, downstairs, above, along, around, outside, inside, behind，here，there等
3）方式副词：
safely, quietly, quickly, politely, loudly, luckily, happily, easily, carefully, slowly, suddenly等
4）程度副词：
very, only, quite, almost, even, a little, enough, rather, a lot, badly, nearly, further, widely等
5）频度副词：never, sometimes, usually, often, always等
6）疑问副词：when，where，why，how， how long，how soon，how often，how far等
7）关系副词：whom，where，why等
2.副词的用法
1）修饰动词作状语
　　He walked quietly into his bedroom. 他安静地走进他的卧室。
2）修饰形容词作状语
　　You have a very nice watch. 你有一块非常好看的手表。
3）作表语，位于系动词后
　　How long will she be away? 她要离开多久？
4）作定语
　　The people there love peace. 那儿的人们热爱和平。
3.副词的位置
1) 多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。
I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。
I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2) 副词修饰形容词、副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。
It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。
3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。
I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。
You mustn't always help me. 你不必一直帮助我。
4) 疑问副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子的前面。
When do you study every day? 你每天什么时间学习?
First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。
5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
6)否定副词在句首，句子要倒装。
Never have I felt so excited!
4.副词的比较级及最高级的变化规则
规则变化：
1) 单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。例如： hard－harder－hardest
2) 以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如：wide－wider－widest
3) 以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，再加-er/-est。
例如：early－earlier－earliest
4) 部分双音节词和大部分多音节的词，在前面加more和most。
例如：slowly—more slowly—most slowly
carefully－more carefully－most carefully
不规则变化：
well－better－best much－more－most little－less－least　
far－farther－farthest　 badly－worse－worst
5.副词的比较级的其他用法
1) 在同级比较的结构as/ so＋原级＋as...的前面可用just，almost，nearly和half等表示程度。例如：He doesn’t study half so hard as you. 他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。
The wind blew more and more strongly. 风吹得越来越猛了。
2) 比较级前面可以用much，far，a little，a bit，a lot等词修饰，表示程度。
We will come back a little later. 我们会稍迟一点回来。
3) 两个副词的比较级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思。
其结构可以是：比较级＋and＋比较级，而多音节词可以用more and more＋比较级结构。
例如：He works harder and harder. 他工作的越来越努力。
Your sister becomes more and more beautiful. 你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。
4) 如果表示“越……，就越……”可以用“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”的结构。例如：The harder you works, the more you will get. 你越努力学习，你得到的就越多。
5) 当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候，用other或else排除自己，因为自己不能和自己比较。
例如：The girl sings better than any other girl in her class.
那个女孩比她们班其他女孩都唱得好。
如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候，则不存在和自己比较的情况，所以可以不用other或者else。
例如：The boy in our class came to school earlier than any students in that class.
我们班的那个男孩比那个班的任何学生到校早。
动词的分类用法
【真题再现】
1. — Listen, the music __________sweet.【2012福建福州】
— It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite.
A. sounds B smells C. feels
2. To protect the environment, supermarket don’t ________ free plastic bags to shoppers. 【2012安徽】
A. take B. show C. provide D. carry
3.—May I speak to the headmaster?
—He _______ a meeting now. Can I take a message? 【2012北京】
A. is having B. had C. has D. will have
4. I ________ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. 【2012北京】
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from
C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from
5. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _______ the radio?【2012 鸡西市】
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on
6.—Why do you want to stay at home?【2012山东济南】
—Because I ______ good when I am with my family.
A. smelt B. feel C. taste D. sound
7. You ________ stop when the traffic light turns red.【2012贵州铜仁】
A. can B. had better C. need D. must
8. — Mum, must I stay there the whole day2012福建福州】
— No, you__________. You __________ come back after lunch, if you like.
A. mustn't; can B. needn't; must C. needn't; may
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
主要考查实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）, 连系动词be，feel，look，taste，smell等,助动词do/does/did和have/has及情态动词can，must，may等的用法。
This kind of cloth feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。（连系动词）
We study English. 我们学英语。（及物动词）
Birds can fly. 鸟儿能飞。（不及物动词）
I don’t like a dog. 我不喜欢狗。（助动词）
Can you come here？你能来这吗？（情态动词）
1.及物动词和不及物动词
（1） 根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型：
可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语（即宾语＋宾语补足语）的及物动词等。
例如：
My brother is flying the kite on the playground.（fly后跟单宾语the kite）
我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。
My mother gives me a new bike as the birthday present.（give后跟双宾语me和a new bike）
我妈妈给我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。
The teacher made his students happy by doing some games. （made后跟宾语his students和宾语补足语happy） 老师通过做游戏使得学生高兴。
注意1：
有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加to常用的此类词有bring，give，hand， pass，pay，post，return，sell，show，teach，tell，throw，lend等。
例如：Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 请递给我那本书。
有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有buy，choose，cook，draw，book，find，get，make，order等。
例如：My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me.
我妈妈为我买了一个好看的书包。
注意2：
及物动词有被动语态形式。
例如：A little girl opened the door. 一个小女孩打开了门。（主动语态）
The door was opened by a little girl. 门被一个小姑娘打开了。（被动语态）
（2） 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有时和介词或副词一起使用，可以接宾语。
例如：The little boy runs quickly. 这个小孩子快速地跑了。
We arrived at the station at five. 我们五点到达了车站。
（3） 大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
常用的此类动词有open，close， start，change，drive，play，meet，win，study等。
例如：The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。（turn是及物动词）
She turned and walked back to the classroom. 她转过身走回教室。（turn是不及物动词）
（4） 有一些及物动词用作不及物动词可以表示被动的意思。这个时候句子的主语是物而不是人。
例如：My books sold out in a week.我的书一个星期内卖完了。
2. 连系动词
连系动词也称为系动词，用于连接主语和表语，表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构。
例如：You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一个老师，但不是好老师。
We feel very happy when we know it. 当我们知道这个的时候，非常高兴。
英语经常用到的连系动词有：
(1) 状态连系动词：
表示主语的状态、性质、身份，常用的有be动词。
My father is very strong. 我的爸爸非常强壮
(2) 持续连系动词：
表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。常用的有：stay （保持），remain （保持），continue （继续）等。
(3) 表象连系动词：
用来表示“看起来”这一概念的词。常见的有：appear（看起来），seem（看似），look（看起来）。
Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。
(4) 感官连系动词：
常用的有：feel（摸起来)，taste（尝起来)，smell（闻起来)，sound（听起来）look（看起来)。
The milk tastes a little sour. 这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。
(5) 转变或结果连系动词：
常用的有：become（变为)，get（成为)，grow（长得)，turn（变得)，go（变得)等。
Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。
3.助动词
助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语，帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be，do，have，shall，will等。
例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week? 你们下一个星期举行体育运动会吗？
Is your mother cooking？你妈妈在做饭吗？
Don’t be late for class next time. 下次上课不要再迟到了。
4. 情态动词
情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may，must，need，would，could，might，dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面：
(1) 含must的一般疑问句：
肯定回答仍用must，否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。一般不能用mustn’t，因为mustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”，语气很强。
例如：—Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成作业吗？
—No, you needn’t. 不，不必要。
(2) may开头的一般疑问句：
肯定回答用may或can，否定回答用mustn’t。
例如：—May I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗？
—No, you mustn’t. 不，不可以。
(3) 表示可能性或推测时：
can多用于否定句或疑问句，cannot表示“不可能”；may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不”；must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、准是”。
You may be right or may not be right. 你可能对也可能不对。
The news can’t be true. 这消息不可能是真的。
She must be angry. 她一定是生气了。
(4) need用作情态动词：
主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。
You needn’t come if you are busy. 如果忙，你就不必来了。（情态动词）
—Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？
—No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must. 不，没必要。/ 是的，你必须来。（情态动词）
He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会。（实义动词）
(5) have to的用法：
意思接近must，但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译成“不得不”。have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助动词do构成。
Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗？
You don’t have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。
(6) be able to的用法：
表示具体的能力，与can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to 可用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示过去具备某种能力。
The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。
巩固练习:
I.单项选择。
1.—How often do the students play sports?
—_________.
A. Twice a day B. Since last night C. For two hours D. A month ago
2. I play basketball every day because I want to play as ______ as Yao Ming.
A. well B. better C. best D. good
3. — How often do you exercise? 【2012 湖北荆州】
—______ ever. Because I am very busy with my work.
A. Hardly B. Nearly C. Always D. Almost
4. At the sports meeting, Simon jumped as_______ as Daniel. (2010江苏淮安)
A. high B. higher C. slow D. slower
5. — Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more ________?
— Sorry! I thought you would follow me.
A. slowly B. politely C. seriously D. clearly
6. I ________ ride a bike to school. But this morning I took a taxi because I got up late.
A. never B. sometimes C. seldom D. usually
7. Jane didn’t do _______ in the exam, but her exam results are _______ than it was last year.
A. bad; worse　 B. good; better　 C. well; better　 D. well; worse
8. Which animal do you like _______, a cat or a dog?
A. very much 　B. best　 C. better　 D. well
9. My brother likes watching TV very much. He stays in front of the TV for _______ two hours every day.
A. less than　 B. more than　 C. little than　 D. much than
10. The boy doesn’t speak his sister, but his written work is very good.
A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than
11. — How will the boss be back? 【2012湖北省荆州市】
— In these days.
A. far B. soon C. long D. often
12. No matter what happens, the fact that Huangyan Island belongs to China will change.
A. ever B. never C. still D. hardly
13. I don’t think fast food is good for our health, so I _______ go to MacDonald.
A. seldom B. always C. usually D. often
14. — Why are you driving so____. Tony? I'm feeling sick. 【2012浙江丽水】
— Sorry, but the train is leaving in 20 minutes. We have to hurry.
A. often B. fast C. hard D. slowly
15. The fire last night destroyed many buildings. , no one was killed.
A. Actually B. Simply C. Luckily D. Immediately
16. I saw a bag ______ on the floor when I was on my way to school.
A. lying　 B. lays　 C. lies　 D. laid
17. The boy _______ his hands again and wanted to ask a question.
A. rises　 B. raised　 C. raises　 D. rose
18. It is said this kind of bikes __ out quickly in our city.
A. sells　 B. is sold　 C. sold　 D. selling
19. Her mother _____ a popular singer seven years ago.
A. is　 B. are　 C. be　 D. was
20. — What’s wrong with you? You look so tired.
— Last night I _______ sleep well.
A．couldn’t　 B．wouldn’t　 C．mustn’t　 D. needn’t
21. You ______ play with fire, Tom. It’s dangerous.
A. needn’t　 B. may not　 C. mustn’t　 D. wouldn’t
22. After such a long journey, the children _______ be very tired now.
A. can　 B. must　 C. have to　 D. need
23. Kelly cooked dinner ______ her parents while they were cleaning the yard.
A. with　 B. for　 C. to　 D. instead
24. It will _______ you about thirteen hours to fly to England from Hong Kong.
A. spend　 B. take　 C. use　 D. pay
25. — Must I finish reading the book today?
— No. You ______ if you have something else to do.
A. mustn’t　 B. couldn’t　 C. can’t　 D. don’t have to
II. 根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. ________(Fortunate), there was no money in it.
2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.
3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).
4. She is _______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.
5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.

6. 为了了解世界的巨大变化，我们既可以上网，也可以看电视。
　 To know the world’s great changes, we can_________
7. 你的书包可能在我们的教室里面。
Your school bag _____ _____ in our classroom.
8. 我们可以在街道里踢足球吗？不可以，太危险了。
_______ I play football in the street?
No, you ______. It’s very dangerous.
9. 你的妈妈看上去非常着急。怎么了？
Your mother _____ _____ _____. What’s wrong with her?
10. 戴眼镜的那个男人不可能是我们的校长，因为他去了北京。
The man with glasses _____ ______ our headmaster, because he has gone to Beijing.