试析高中英语说课模式及例析.doc

试析高中英语说课模式及例析
四川省绵阳实验高级中学 杨朝双
所谓“说课”就是教师在备课的基础上，依据课程标准和教材，在教学理论的指导下，结合教师实际、学生实际和教学条件，向其他教师说明本单元或本节课的教学思想、教学程序的设计、教学方法的选择以及教学手段的采用、学法指导等方面的观点。实际上，说课和讲课一样，是教师把教学技能转化为教学能力、更好地优化课堂教学、提高教学质量的一种形式。说课要掌握基本程序，做到“八说”。
一、说教材
主要说明“教什么”的问题和“为什么要教这些”，具体有：一要说清本节教材内容在整册教材或整个单元中的地位，即重要性或特殊性；二要说清本节教材内容的主要知识点与前后知识点的联系；三要说清与教材内容有紧密联系的附件（如插图、图册、注解、思考题及阅读材料等）及其作用；四要说清本节教材的教学重点、难点的确定及其依据。另外还要说出教学时对难点的处理等；五要说清执教者对教材作哪些处理加工（如增删、修改、调整等）及其依据。
二、说教法
即说明该课在教学过程中将采用的教学方法及依据，主要是说明“怎样教”和“为什么这样教”。在确定教学目的要求后，恰当地选择先进的教学方法是至关重要的。它需要教师根据教学内容和师生的主客观条件来决定取舍。因此，在说课中，教师应将采用的教学方法以及采用这些方法的依据及所能达到的教学效果说出来。一要说清从总体上采用何种课堂教学模式及其理论依据；二要说清在某些特殊的教学内容或教学环节中准备采用何种特殊的教法；三要说清如何面向不同层次学生采用不同的教法；四要说清准备使用哪些教学辅助手段及其使用目的。这四个方面的陈述都必须围绕着一个中心，即教师的教学指导思想。
三、说目标
教学目标是教学设计时该课教学所要达到的目标，它对课堂教学活动起宏观控制作用，也是教学后续评价的重要依据。说教学目标：一要说目标的完整性，一般教学目标应包括知识与能力目标、过程与方法目标和情感态度与价值观三个方面的目标；二要说目标的可行性，即教学目标要符合课程标准的要求，切合学生实际；三要说目标的可操作性，即目标要求要具体、明确，能直接用来指导、评价和检查该课的教学工作。
四、说学法
即说明在教学过程中，针对所授课内容的难易程度结合学生的实际情况，告诉学生掌握知识的方法或技巧，也就是学法指导。主要说明学生要“怎样学”的问题和“为什么这样学”的道理。要讲清教者是如何激发学生学习兴趣、调动积极思维、强化学生主动意识的；还要讲出教者是怎样根据年级特点和学生的年龄、心理特征，运用哪些学习规律指导学生进行学习的。具体是：一要分析学生在掌握本节教材内容时可能出现哪些障碍及其原因；二要说清在教学过程中侧重指导学生掌握何种学习方法；三要根据学生的年龄特点和认知规律，说清准备创设何种教学环境和条件，来保证学生在45 分钟内有效地进行学习。
五、说教学程序
它是说课最重要的一个环节，要求说课教师在规定的时间内说明组织实施这一课的方案，如应如何导入新课，如何传授新知识，如何实现教学目标等。说课的过程，最能体现教师的教学基本功和素质，所以，说课教师要紧紧把握教材的重点、难点，围绕教学目标，切实处理好各教学环节的关系，进行精练、简捷的概述。
六、说学情
一要说清学生的学习基础，主要是与本节教材学习活动有关的知识基础。
二要说清学生的学习态度、兴趣、习惯和方法。必须指出，“说学情”的根本目的是使教师能清醒地了解“掌握知识”与“发展”之间的关系，以便更好地贯彻教学的可接受性原则，而不是为自己的教学困难作开脱。
七、说构思
这里所讲的“构思”，特指教学过程设计的总体框架及主要构想，即课堂教学构思。“说构思”的具体要求是：一要说清教学过程的总体结构及各个教学板块的时间分配；二要说清主要教学环节的主要设计，特别是怎样设计有思维力度的问题来激活学生的思维；三要说清教学重点如何突破，教学难点如何化解。
八、说板书设计
主要介绍这堂课的板书类型是纲目式还是图表式等，什么时候板书，板书的具体内容是什么，板书的展现形式是什么等，主要是说清板书设计的构想及其与教学内容的逻辑联系。但应注意：一般的提纲式的板书可以不说，只有那些匠心独具的、有特色的或是有艺术性的板书才值得一说。板书设计时要体现程序性、概括性、指导性、艺术性。
下面以SEFC SB2A Unit 1 Making a difference第四节语法课为例进行说明怎样说课。
On talking about Period 4 of Unit 1 in SEFC SB2A
Greetings
Good morning, everyone! Today I am very pleased to have the opportunity to tell you about some of my teaching ideas. My topic is the fourth period: Language Study (Word study and Grammar) of Unit 1 Making a difference. This topic will be divided into five parts.
PART 1 My understanding of the teaching material
This lesson is about Language Study (Word study and Grammar). This plays an important role in how English is taught in because emphasis needs to be placed on the students’ language study ability as well as their reading ability. This lesson focuses on two parts: Word study and Grammar. In the Word study part, students are expected to pick up new words based on their understanding of reading passage NO BOUNDARIES. In the Grammar section, students are expected to become familiar with the usage of the infinitive. I should point out that some examples of the infinitive are taken from the reading passage.
教学目标：1. Enable the students to learn new words relating to science and pick up correct sentences.
2. Learn how to explain words in English.
3. Get the students to master the usage of the infinitive.
教学重点：1.Master some new words.
2. Master the usage of the infinitive in different sentences.
教学难点：1. How to help the students learn to explain words in English.
2. How to help the students master the usage of the infinitive.
PART 2 My teaching theories for dealing with this lesson
When I teach the class this lesson, I will do my best to carry out the following:
1. Have the students study and use English as much as possible while I try to direct them.
2. Help the students develop their learning ability and skills, such as their abilities to analyze and summarize.
3. Help the students develop creative and social skills, such as being able to communicate with others and being able to work properly in groups.
PART 3 My teaching methods in teaching this lesson
1. Since part of this lesson focuses on grammar, I’ll use induction to help the students sum up the rules surrounding this grammar item.
2. During the course of the lesson, I’ll use word-guessing excerises, pair work, group discussions, drama and competition to teach the material.
3. I’ll make full use of the equipment in the classroom to make the class as lively and as interesting as possible.
PART 4 Teaching procedures
Step 1 Warming-up
1. Greetings.
2. Check students’ homework.
3. Ask individual student to read their work out to the class where fit.
(In fact, this step is a lead-in. It aims to lay the foundation for the topic of this lesson.)
Step 2 Language study

Task 1: Discussion (pair work and group work)
（这旨在激发学生学习词汇的兴趣。）
First of all, students are asked to present the words or sentences they think are important or sound nice and then divide them into different groups before talking about why these words, phrases and sentences are important.
Useful Words
Useful Phrases
Useful Sentences

……
……
……

Task 2: Multiple choice (pair work)
（该步骤是为了给学生做一些练习。）
Students are asked to do Word Study on page 5.
Task 3: Grouping (individual work and group work)
（该步骤不仅仅是让学生做练习，而且还要呈现给学生讨论的主题。）
Ask each student to group the following infinitives on page 5 according to how they are used, and compare his/her answers with his/her classmates.
Step 3 Explaining and analyzing
Task 4: Discussion (group work)
（这旨在给学生一个分析问题、通过讨论或小组的方式学会合作的机会。）
The teacher asks the students to discuss the structure of the infinitive and draw conclusions from it, while providing the students with insights.
After the discussion, when the students have a better understanding of the structure, the teacher may present the following form to help them understand it more clearly. If necessary, the teacher can also explain it a little further.
The Basic Structure of the infinitive

主动结构
被动结构
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
/
完成式
to have done
to have been done
Step 4 Practice
（该步骤通常是为了让学生掌握不定式的用法。）
Task 5: Rewriting (individual work and group work)
Students are asked to finish the grammar exercises on page 6 and check their answers with their classmates and group members.
Step 5 Discussion
（该步骤是为了让学生通过阅读素材掌握不定式的用法。实际上，它是一个把语言功能和语言结构有机结合起来的过程，旨在发展学生的创造思维能力。）
Task 6: Brainstorming and Discussion
We are told in the reading passage that Professor Hawking knows exactly what his dream is and how to make it come true. What about you? What is your dream? (Teacher may then ask each student to tell their dreams before asking them to share their dreams with other students.)
Step 6 Summarize and issue Homework
1. Summarize what’s been studied, for example, the usage of the infinitive.
2. Finish relevant exercises.
3. Write a short passage about your dream and how you will make it come true.
4. Preview“Integrating skills”.
PART 5 Consolidation
I believe the students can master the required content by speaking and practicing in class. After the lesson, the students will further develop their ability to analyze different sentence structures and explain how to use them. At the same time, they will formulate the rules of the infinitive, and better understand the rules through their usage of them.
Thank you for listening.
PART 6 Blackboard design
Unit 1 Period 4 Grammar study

The Basic Structure of the infinitive

主动结构
被动结构
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
/
完成式
to have done
to have been done
A good blackboard design plays an important role in English teaching. Such designs are clear and concise. It’s easier for the students to understand the lesson and remember the important points.