语法专题之非谓语动词.doc

语法专题之非谓语动词
不定式、动名词和分词。
一、动词不定式的常考考点：
1． 不定式的结构： 肯定to do
否定not to do
特殊疑问词+to do (what sb can do sth)
Cathy doesn’t know where to go tomorrow=Cathy doesn’t know where she can go tomorrow.
2.不定式的用法：
（1）做主语
To learn English is not easy for Chinese students .=It’s not easy for Chinese students to learn English.
(2) 做表语
The teacher’s job is to teach the students.
（3）做宾语.常见的动词有：ask, decide, know, want, try, need等
We like to fight for our future.
(4)做宾补。常见的有：ask /tell/order sb. to do sth
ask /tell/order sb. not to do sth
The teacher asks us not to speak in class .
注意：make /let /have +sb+do.(必须省to )
The boy often makes his little sister laugh.
(5)做定语。常见的有：have sth to do 有-----要做
a good place /time to do sth 做----的好地方/时间
the first/second /third to do sth 第一个/二个做----的---
I have nothing to say.
注意：不定式做定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以如果不定式是不及物动词，则要加上相应的介词。
I want a pen to write with.
(6)做状语，表示目的状语。My father will go to Beijing to do some business.
表示原因状语。主语+ be +adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth。
Tom Tang is easy for us to stay with.
注意：不定式做原因状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以如果不定式是不及物动词，则要加上相应的介词。
The ball is easy for children to play with.
3.动词不定式省to 的情况：
（1）Why not +do …?=Why don’t you …?为什么不------？
(2)had better +(not) +do +…?最好做（不做）某事
(3)would rather +do +…?宁愿做…
(4) Could /Can/Would /Will/ you please +(not)+ do sth…? 请做（不要）做…好吗？
(5) 使役动词和感官动词省to的：
一感：feel
二听：hear ,listen to
三使：make ,let ,have
四看：see ,watch , notice ,look
注意：主动语态中要省to，而被动语态中则要加to .
Tina often makes her sister do housework, but sometimes she was made to do it by her sister.
4．常用不定式的句型：
（1）too +adj./adv. +(for sb.)+ to do ：太…而不能…
(2) adj./adv.+ enough +(for sb.)+ to do：足够…可以做…
(3)It +is/was +adj. +for sb. +to do sth ：对…来说做…很…
(4)It’s one’s turn to do sth ：该轮到某人做某事了
(5)It’s time to do sth：该做…的时间了
(6)It takes sb. some time to do sth.：花了某人多少时间做某事
二．V-ing/not +V-ing.------动名词
1.用法：
（1）做主语
Walking is a good way to exercise for the old .
(2) 做表语。
My favorite sports is playing soccer ball.
(3)做宾语。做动词的宾语，常见的动词有：
完成实践值得忙：finish practice be worth be busy
继续习惯别放弃：keep on be/get used to give up
考虑建议不禁想：consider suggest can’t help doing feel like
喜欢思念要介意：enjoy miss mind consider
另外：spend ……doing … ：花时间做某事
have fun doing ：做…很开心
have some problems /trouble/difficulties doing ：做…有问题/麻烦/困难
have a hard time doing ：做…很艰难
介词+V-ing
(4)做定语：表示用途，所属等。
He is in the living room.
We need to get a driving license.
三．分词
1．分类：现在分词和 过去分词。
2.用法：
（1）做定语：现在分词做定语表示主动；过去分词做定语表示被动。单个的分词放在被修饰的名词前；短语分词放在被修饰的词的后面。
Do you know the boy standing by the door?
Do you know the man called Bill Gates?
(2)做状语：如果与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主动关系用现在分词；如果与句子的主语构成被动关系，要用过去分词。
The students went into the classroom, talking and laughing .
Seen from the top of the hill ,the city is very beautiful.
I was excited about the exciting football match.
(3)做宾语补足语:现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间构成主动关系；过去分词做宾语补足语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间构成被动关系。
keep sb. dong ：让某人做某事
find sb. doing ：发现某人正在做某事
see/watch/notice /hear /feel sb. do ：看见/观察/注意到/听到/觉得某人经常做/或已经做过了--
see/watch/notice /hear /feel sb. doing：看见/观察/注意到/听到/觉得某人正在做--------
make/have sb. +do=get sb. to do :make him do this or that
make /have sb. +done =get sb./sth done :make himself heard
如：I often hear him sing a song in his room .Now you can hear him singing .
特殊用法：
1． like /love /hate /begin/start to do/doing sth 用to do和 doing 没有区别
2． stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
3． remember /forget to do 记得/忘记将要做-----
remember /forget doing记得/忘记过去做过-----
4． try to do 尽力做------
try doing 试着做----
5． mean to do 打算做-----
mean doing 意味着----
6.allow/permit /advise/ forbid doing sth :允许/建议/禁止做----
allow/permit /advise / forbid sb to do sth : 允许/建议/禁止某人做----
四．含非谓语动词的习惯句型：
1. feel like doing sth. 想要做…wound like; want to do sth.
2. prevent/stop/keep sb. (from) doing sth.
3. go doing 结构(目的)：例如，go fishing; go swimming; go shopping……
4. be busy doing sth. 忙于做…
5. keep (on) doing sth. 连续/ 老是做…
6. be worth doing sth. 。。。值得一做…
7. spend…(时间) …doing sth./ take (时间)…to do sth.
8. get used to doing sth./ be used to doing sth. 习惯于…
pay attention to doing sth. 注意…重视…
look forward to doing sth.
9. prefer….. to…..与…相比 更喜欢/ 爱…
prefer staying at home. to playing basketball
prefer to stay at home rather than play basketball.
10. It was very kind/ nice/ cruel of you to give me a hand yesterday.
It’s very important/ useful for you to learn English well now
11. remember, forget, stop, begin, start, go on, continue 中， 后接to do 或者 doing 的含义差别很大：例如， She stopped talking when the teacher came in.
She stopped to talk when the teacher came in.
语法巩固---试试看，你都学会了吗？
一、用非谓语动词的适当形式填空：
1. The best time __________ (plant) trees is in spring.
2. Satellites are used for __________ (learn) more about the earth.
3. He finishes __________ (wash) at eight o’clock in the evening.
4. You’ve worked for 4 hours. Please stop __________ (have) a rest.
5. She often makes us __________ (do) a lot of homework after school.
6. Mother always tell me __________ (not read) in bed.
7. They asked the headmaster __________ (speak) at the meeting.
8. __________ (smoke) too much is bad for your health.
9. the baby was made __________ (laugh) by Tom.
10. Thank you for __________ (come) to see me.
二、用非谓语动词完成下列各句：
11. I want __________ (看) a film, __________ (而不是看) TV.
12. Did you see her __________________ (下了还是上了) the bus?
13. I’m thirsty. I’d like something __________ (喝).
14. It’s very important __________ (学) a foreign language well.
15. The old man found it difficult __________ (入睡).
15. The runner fell, but he quickly got up and went on __________ (跑).
16. Remember __________ (关) the lights when you leave the classroom.
17. Stop __________ (谈话), please. It’s time _______ (上课).
18. It took me two hours __________ (完成) my homework last night.
19. I spent two hours __________ (做) my homework last night.
三、单项选择题
( )1. I have a lot of things _____ this weekend. (上海)
(安徽)
A. do B. did C. doing D. to do
( )2. You’d better _____ upstairs and tell the children_____ make so much noise.
A. go; not to B. go; don’t C. to go; not to D. to go; don’t
( )3. Lily likes _____ the clothes of light colour.　　　　　　　　(甘肃)
A. to put on B. putting C. to dress D. wearing
( )4. It’s too late. Why _____ now?　　　　　　　　　　　　　(新疆)
A. not to go B. not going C. not go D. don’t go
( )5. Please don’t forget _____ to me, will you?　　　　　　　　(重庆)
A. to write B. writing C. write
( )6. When I’m tired, I enjoy _____ music.　　　　　　　　　　(云南)
A. listening B. listening to C. to hear D. hearing the
( )7. Linda was very sorry for being late. But the teacher’s smile made her _____ better.
A. feel B. to feel C. fall D. to fall　　　(河南)
( )8. I heard Mother _____ with Father in the next room at ten last night. (1998重庆)
A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. is talking
( )9. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from _____ the earth away. (辽宁)
A. blow B. to blow C. blowing D. blew
( )10. –Did the teacher tell you _____ this afternoon?　　　　　　　　(河北)
-Yes. We’ll go to visit the Science Museum.
A. to go where B. how to do C. what to do D. to do what
( )11. We are not sure _____.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(广东)
A. when to leave B. when leave C. when leaves
( )12. Meimei went _____ Kate with her Chinese.　　　　　　　　　(天津)
A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping
( )13. _____ is bad for our health.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(河南)
A. Doing eye exercises B. Go to bed early
C. Eating too much D. Taking a walk
( )14. Wu Dong is good at _____ English.　　　　　　　　　　　　(吉林)
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. spoke
( )15. The old woman was _____ tired _____ go any farther.　　　　　(四川)
A. too; to B. go; as C. very; to
( )16. Would you please _____ drop your shoes on the floor at night?　 (福州)
A. not to B. not C. don’t D. won’t
( )17. Most of the children enjoy _____ computer games.　　　(北京海淀区)
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
( )18.She should do her homework now. But she doesn’t feel like _____ it.
A. does B. do C. doing D. to do　　　　(黑龙江)
( )19. Uncle Wang can make his kite _____ higher in the sky.　　　　　(河南)
A. fly B. flies C. to fly D. flying
( )20. You’d better _____ the cinema by bus.　　　　　　　　　　　(天津)
A. don’t go B. to go C. to go to D. go to
三．短文填空。选用方框中适当的单词，以及其正确形式完成短文。（10分）
anybody, send, make, trouble, shout, off, to, bad, wear, nobody, after, on

Mr White works in an office. He liked reading in bed when he was at school. It was___1___for his eyes and now he has poor sight. But he wouldn’t want ___2___ else to know about it and he never ___3___a pair of glasses. It often brings him some ___4____.
On winter morning he was ___5___ to a village school on business. He got ___6____ a bus at a stop in a small town. Then he had to walk there. The road 7 the village wasn’t smooth. He fell over(跌倒) sometimes and it 8 his clothes dirty. At last he got to the village Suddenly it began to blow（刮风）and it got colder. He was looking for the school while his hat was blown off(吹走). He began to run 9 it but he couldn’t get it. He couldn’t understand why his hat ran into a house as if（仿佛） it had legs. And he ran into the house, too.
A woman stopped him and 10 angrily, “What are you running after my hen(母鸡) for?"
家庭作业
单项选择
( )1. It’s not polite to speak in public.
A. loud B. loudly C. louder
( )2.Your bike is my sister’s.
A. same as B. as the same C. the same as
( )3. I’m in any book.
A. interested; interesting B. interesting; interested C. interests; interest
( )4. Our teachers always encourage us aloud in English class.
A. to read B. read C. reading
( )5. He asked his father .
A. where it happens B. what was happen C. how it happened
( )6. I don’t know he will come tomorrow, he come, I will tell you.
A. if; whether B. whether; whether C. whether; if
( )7. —— will you stay in America?
—— About two months.
A. How many B. How often C. How long
( )8. He found very interesting to ride a horse on the farm.
A. this B. that C. it
( )9. His parents make her at night.
A. stay at home B. stags at home C. to stay at home
( )10. Which do you like , Jeans or cheongsam?
A. good B. better C. well