2英语倒装句讲解——教案.doc

英语倒装句讲解
倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装
一．全部倒装
　 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
　1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：
　　 Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。
　　 Here is your letter. 你的信。
　2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
　　 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。
　　 Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。
3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中。例如：
There are thousands of people on the square.
There lived an old fisherman in the village.
There stands a little girl.
4）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如
Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
Wish you good luck. 祝你好运。
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here you are.
Here he comes. 他来了。　　　　
Away they went. 他们走开了。

二． 倒部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语。
如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time决不, by no means, on no account, in no case, many a time, under no circumstances, in no way, many a time, not until… 等。例如：
　Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
　Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
　 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。即：后倒前不倒。

典型例题　　
1）　Why can't I smoke here?
　　 At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted　　B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted　D. does smoking permit
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know
改写为正常语序为Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th.
2．以否定连词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，前倒后不倒。例如：
　 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
　 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。
　 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began　　　　　B.　has the game begun
C. did the game begin　　　 D.　had the game begun

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。

3． so, neither, nor作部分倒装。
表示另一主语“也…样”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不…样”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。例如：　　　　
　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
　　If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去，我也不去。
典型例题
　 ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
　 ---I don't know，_____.
　 A. nor don't I care　　B. nor do I care　　C. I don't care neither　　D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。

注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。例如：
　 Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。

　 ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。

4．only在句首倒装的情况。only+副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装。例如：
　 Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。（only+介词短语）
　 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.（only+副词）
Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.（only+状语从句）
　 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：
　 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。

5． as, though 引导的部分倒装
　 as / though引导的让步从句由于语法需要，可将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
例：
Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(倒装后，最高级前不用冠词)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(倒装后，单数名词前不用a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。)
Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(副词提到句首)
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。
注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

6．so… that，such…that引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用”so\such + adj. + 主语+谓语”。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。
So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难，以至于大多数同学没能考过。

7. 在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨，我们就不会去打篮球了。
=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.
Had I prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.如果我准备充分了，就不会失去这份工作了
=If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.
Were I you, I would try it again.
=If I were you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。

倒装练习
1. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.
A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would
2. _____ that this region was so rich in natural resources.
A. Little he knew B. Little did he know
C. Little he did know D. Little he had known
3. Never again ______ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.
A. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought B. seriously Alfred E. Smith sought
C. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek D. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek
4. Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.
A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have
5. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ______ his head.
A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didn’t turn D. he had turned
6. ______ received law degrees as today.
A. Never so women have B. The women aren’t ever
C. Women who have never D. Never have so many women
7. On no account ______ to anyone.
A. my name must be mentioned B. must my name mention
C. must my name be mentioned D. my name must mention
8. ______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots are
C. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are
9. ______ do we go for picnics.
A. Certainly B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once
10. Her answer is not acceptable, and ______.
A. neither am I B. either is mine C. neither is mine D. mine is neither
11. So fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel
12. A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, ______ be easily suppressed.
A. nor it can B. nor can it C. it cannot D. and cannot it
13. ______ notebook and report that I promised you last week.
A. Here is the B. Here are the C. Is here the D. Are here the
14. ______ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.
A. If he took B. If he has taken C. had he taken D. Should he take
15. Beneath our feet ______ that our life depends on for food and clothing.
A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lie the earth D. lies the earth
16. _____ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.
A. At B. By C. Up to D. Not until
17. Hardly ______ he got out of the court ______ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.
A. had … when B. had…than C. did…when D. has…than
18. Among these books ______ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.
A. have included B. is included C. has included D. are included
19. Important ______ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.
A. to B. for C. as D. although
20. Here ______ you want to see.
A. the manager comes B. comes the manager
C. comes a manager D. is coming a manager
21. Barry can hardly drive a car, ______.
A. so can’t Molly B. can’t Molly either C. Molly can’t too D. neither can Molly
22. _______ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.
A. Had not it been B. Had it not been C. There was D. Is there
23. ______ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.
A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there
24. Not only ______ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.
A. the computer can memorize B. can the computer memorize
C. do the computer memorize D. can memorize the computer
25. Not once ______ his view of life.
A. did the gentleman mention B. the gentleman mentioned that
C. the gentleman mentioned D. does gentleman mentioned
26. By no means ______ their own language well.
A. it is true that all English people know
B. is it true that do all English people know
C. it is true that do all English people know
D. is it true that all English people know
27. The world’s birth rates are on a decline and ______ are the death rates.
A. so B. also C. too D. the same
28. Many a time _______ me with my English study.
A. have he helped B. has he helped C. he have helped D. did he have helped
29. Typical of the new type of young people ______, who set a shining example to the whole nation.
A. was Lei Feng B. Were Lei Feng C. Lei Feng was D. Lei Feng were
30. What Mr. Smith did was important , but ______.
A. more important the way of he did things was
B. the way of he did things was more important
C. more important was the way he did things
D. more important the way were he did things
31. She didn’t want to buy it, ______.
A. however good was it B. however good it was
C. for how good might it be D. for how good it might be
32. ______ , it is always possible to find out its volume.
A. Whatever the shape of a body may be
B. The shape of a body may be whatever
C. May whatever the shape of a body be
D. Whatever may the shape of a body be
33. David, something important has happened. I wish to ______.
A. talk it over with you B. talk over it C. talk over D. talk you over it
34. The history of painting is a fascination chain of evens that probably began with ______.
A. ever made the very first pictures
B. the ever made very first pictures
C. the very first ever made pictures
D. the very first pictures ever made
35. On the side of the hill, there is ______ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.
A. a deep hole in ground B. a hole deep in ground
C. a deep hole in the ground D a deep in the ground hole
36. Will the boy who has taken my pen bring ______.
A. back to me B. it back to me C. back it to me D. it to me back

倒装练习答案
ABDCB DCCCC DBBCD DABCB CBABA DABAC BAADC B