高中英语虚拟语气典型例题及答题技巧.pdf

1 高中英语虚拟语气典型例题及答题技巧高中英语虚拟语气典型例题及答题技巧 单选题 1、If I_in the bus that fell into the river,I_with you now.Awas;would not talkBwere;couldnt talkChad been;wouldnt have talkedDhad been;couldnt be talking 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我在那辆掉进河里的公共汽车里，我现在就不可能和你在这说话了。本题考查错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，所以用 had+动词的过去分词；主句与现在事实相反，所以用would/should/could/might+动词原形。故选 D。2、The director commanded that actions_ to solve the problem.Awere takenBtookCshould takeDbe taken 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：主任命令采取行动解决问题。command“命令”后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气（should）+动词原形，主语 action 与谓语 take 为被动关系。所以本句为（should）be taken。故选 D 项。3、With college entrance examination approaching,its time that I _ myself into hard work.Ashould throwBhave thrownCthrowDthrowing 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：随着高考的临近，是我应该努力学习的时候了。Its time that.句型中从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，should+动词原形/过去式，should 不能省略。故选 A。4、How time flies!I feel junior high school was only yesterday!2 Aeven ifBunlessCifDas if 答案：D 解析：考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：时光飞逝！我觉得初中生活就像昨天一样。A.even if 即使；B.unless 除非；C.if 如果；D.as if 好像。根据“junior high school was only yesterday!”可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，根据句意可知此处表示“好像”，as if 从句后常用虚拟语气，故选 D。5、Had he taken his parents advice,he _ having made such a silly mistake now.Awould not regretBwould not have regretted Cmay not regretDdoes not regret 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他接受了父母的建议，他现在就不会后悔自己犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。此处是省略 if 的虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时态；主句与现在事实相反，用 would+动词原形，故选 A。小提示：if 引导的虚拟语气从句的三种形式 if 句又叫条件句，表示“假如”，是状语从句的一种，是一种非常常见的从句形式，用来提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，拥有三种形式。提出将来会发生的事：主句：主语would/should/might/could动词原形；从句：should动词原形/were to动词原形 eg.If he should go to Harvard University,he would make full use of his time.如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。提出现在的条件：主句：主语would/should/might/could动词原形；从句：动词过去式 3 eg.If he studied at this school,he would know the enviornment around the school very much.如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会很了解周边环境。提出过去的未发生的条件：主句：主语would/should/might/could have动词过去分词；从句：had动词过去分词 eg.If I had read the book,I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。特别提示：如果把 if 省略，则将助动词 had/should 和 were 提到主语的前面去。比如上句：Had I read the book,I would have told you about it.我如果看过本书，我会把内容告诉你了。6、You have scolded her for her failure.After all,she had tried her best.AmustBshouldCmustntDshouldnt 答案：D 解析：考查情态动词及虚拟语气。句意：你本不应该因为她的失败斥责她。毕竟，她已经尽力了。A.must 必须；B.should 应该；C.mustnt 禁止；D.shouldnt 不应该。根据句意、句子结构及时态可知，此句是对过去的虚拟，表示“本不该做，但做了某事”。故选 D 项。7、-Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I late for the flight yesterday.-Dont mention it.Awill have beenBwould have been Cmust beDcould be 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：“谢谢你提醒我时间，否则昨天我要迟到了。”“不客气。”would+have+done 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。故 B 选项正确。8、_ these spelling mistakes,I would have got a full mark in my English examination.4 ABecause ofBBut forCIn case ofDIn spite of 答案：B 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：要不是这些拼写错误，我就会在英语考试中得满分了。A.Because of 因为；B.But for 要不是；C.In case of 万一；D.In spite of 尽管。根据句意以及句子用到的虚拟语气，可知此处用 but for 表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选 B。9、Our teacher recommends that we _ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.AareBshall beCought to beDbe 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们参观博物馆时，要尽可能地专心。根据句子分析可知，recommend 表“建议”，后跟宾语从句，从句中谓语动词应用“(should)+do”，故选 D。10、They demanded that the right to vote _ to every adult.Awas givenBwas givingCbe givingDbe given 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他们要求给予每个成年人投票权。demand 表示“要求”时，所接宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分是（should）+动词原形，又由动词 give 和从句主语 the right to vote 之间是动宾关系，所以使用被动语态 be given。故选 D 项。11、What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we _ a good time together.AhadBwill haveCwould have hadDhad had 答案：C 5 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 C。12、If it _ rain tomorrow,I should not drive my car.Awere toBwillCwouldDis to 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天下雨，我应该不会开我的车。分析句子结构可知，本句考查 if 引导的虚拟语气，根据 tomorrow 判断此处是与将来事实相反，故用 were to/should+do，故选 A 项。13、Pele had bags of natural talent,but he _ without the determination to deal with all the problems life threw in his path.Awould never succeedBnever succeeded Cwould never have succeededDhave never succeeded 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：贝利是很有天赋，但是如果没有处理生活中遇到的所有问题的决心，他是永远不会成功的。从句中的 had 看，此句讲的是过去的情况。本句是由 without 呈现的含蓄虚拟语气，且空格所在的地方是主句，谓语动词用 would have+过去分词，否定式加 never，置于 would 后面。故选 C。14、If she _ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.Ahad beenBwere Cwould beDwas 答案：B 6 解析：考查虚拟语气。从句首的 if（如果）与主句的 would have done（早就做）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以 if 从句用一般过去式，be 动词要用 were。虚拟语气中，be 动词的一般过去时只能用 were 不能用 was，故选 B。小提示：If 条件句引导的虚拟语气，一般有三种形式。与现在事实相反：If+主语+did(be 用 were)，主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。与过去事实相反：If+主语+had done，主语+would/should/might/could+have done。与将来事实相反：If+主语+were to do/should do，主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形。虚拟语气做题方法是在正常时态上往前推一个时态，用往前推了时态表达虚拟的不真实性。只要学生记住我们上边列出的这三种形式，做题是轻而易举的。15、Mary insisted that the car _ right away.ArepairedBto be repairedCshould repairDbe repaired 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽坚持要马上把汽车修好。根据句意可知，insist 意为“坚决主张”，其后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should 可省略，汽车是被修理，因此空格处用（should）be repaired，故选D。16、If you_here half an hour ago,you would have known what we were talking about.AarrivedBhad arrivedCshould arriveDwould arrive 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你半小时前到达这里，你就知道我们在说什么了。结合后文 half an hour ago 可知，表示与过去事实相反，主句用 would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词，从句用过去完成时。故选 B。7 小提示：if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere);should do;were to do would/could/might/should do 有时假设的情况并不是以 if 引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有 with,without,but for,otherwise,or，even,in case of,what if(如果将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但是可以转化成 if 引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知，本句可以转化成是 if 引导的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为：If I had not had your recommendation,主句为：I would have missed it。故 C 选项正确。17、Without his inspiring experiences,Faraday_ electromagnetic induction.AdiscoveredBhadnt discoveredChave discoveredDwouldnt have discovered 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：没有他那鼓舞人心的经历，法拉第就不会发现电磁感应。根据题干中的 without 可知本句是含蓄条件句，相当于 if 引导的虚拟条件从句，所以其主句的谓语动词则用相应的形式。根据语境 without his inspiring experiences“没有他那鼓舞人心的经历”，可知是对过去情况的否定虚拟，所以主句的谓语动词需用would/could/might/should have done。故选 D。18、How do you find the health club?I would rather I _ it.I feel its management is going from bad to worse.Ahavent joinedBhadnt joined Cdidnt joinDhad joined 答案：B 8 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你认为这家健身俱乐部怎么样？我宁愿没有参加这个俱乐部。我感觉这个俱乐部的管理越来越差了。本句是对过去的情况的虚拟。would rather 后面所带的从句一般用虚拟语气，如果“宁愿过去做过某事”，从句要用过去完成时，根据语境可知，是说“宁愿过去没有参加过”，故要用过去完成时，因此选 B。小提示：would rather 后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的用过去完成时；与现在事实相反的用一般过去时。1)、如果从句用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。Id rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。Id rather you came next Saturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。Id rather she sat next to me.我宁愿她挨着我坐。2)、从句用过去完成时表过去的愿望。Id rather you hadnt said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。Id rather you hadnt done that.我宁愿你没这样做。Id rather you had been been present。我(宁)愿你当时在场。19、I would rather she _ tomorrow than today.AcomesBcameCwill comeDshould come 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿她明天来也不愿今天来。分析句子可知，本句为虚拟语气，would rather 后从句用虚拟语气有两种情况，用一般过去时表现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表过去的愿望，本句表示与将来的9 愿望相反的假设，用一般过去时，故选 B。20、You are always sleeping in class.Id rather you_my class.Aare not attendingBwere not attendingCwont attendDnot attend 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：你总是在课堂上睡觉。我宁愿你没来听我的课。would rather 后接从句时，从句谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“现在或将来的愿望”时通常使用一般过去时态，结合语境和选项，只有 B 项符合，选B。21、Seeing her peers struggling for success and independence,Zhang yue offered her suggestion that they _ seek guidance from expert consultants.AmustBshouldCcanDshall 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：看到同龄人为成功和独立而奋斗，张悦建议他们应该寻求专家顾问的指导。A.must 必须；B.should 应该；C.can 能；D.shall 将。分析句子可知，此句为同位语从句，that 引导的从句是 suggestion 的具体内容，从句使用 should+动词原形，should 可以被省略的虚拟语气。故选 B。小提示：22、Robert remained depressed at home before his school reopened.If only the new term_for the virus.Awere not delayedBwould not be delayed Chad not been delayedDwere not to be delayed 答案：C 10 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：罗伯特在复学前一直在家闷闷不乐。要是新学期没有因病毒而推迟就好了。If only 要用虚拟语气，结合句意，前文出现过去式 remained，因此 If only 表示对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时（had done）。故选 C 项。23、He behaved naturally _ nothing had happened to him.Aeven ifBonly ifCas ifDnot that 答案：C 解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：他表现得很自然，好像什么事都没有发生似的。A.even if 即使；B.only if 只有；C.as if 似乎；D.not that 并不是说。根据“nothing had happened to him”使用了过去完成时可推断，是虚拟语气，只有as if 引导的从句使用虚拟语气且符合题意。故选 C。小提示：24、I _ my dream to be a pianist,but for the encouragement from that music teacher.Amight have abandonedBwould abandon Cshould have abandonedDwere to abandon 答案：A 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是来自音乐老师的鼓励，我可能会放弃成为钢琴家的梦想。表达的是与过去事实相反的假设，所以用的是 might have+过去分词。故选 A。25、Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I _ late for the flight yesterday.Awould beBshould beCwould have beenDwill have been 答案：C 11 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：谢谢你提醒我时间，否则我昨天的航班就迟到了。根据句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用 would+have+done 表示“本来会”。故选 C。26、The suggestion came from the chairman _ the new rule _.Awhat;was developedBthat;was developed Cwhat;be developedDthat;be developed 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：主席的建议是应该制定新的规则。分析句子可知，the new rule 部分为 suggestion 的同位语从句，解释说明 suggestion 的具体内容，从句谓语部分用 should 的虚拟语气，should 可以省略，综述选 D。27、It is everybodys desire that every effort _ to reduce the pollution in our city.Awas madeBbe madeCwill be madeDwould be made 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：尽一切努力减少我们城市的污染是每个人的愿望。A.was made 被做出（一般过去时被动语态）；B.be made 被做出（虚拟语气）；C.will be made 将被做（一般将来时被动语态）；D.would be made 将被作（过去将来时被动语态）。分析句子该空是 desire 的同位语从句的谓语动词，主语是effort，应使用被动语态；名词 desire 的同位语从句应使用虚拟语气，should 加动词原形，should 可省略。故选B 项。28、He recommended that we_ a record of what we saw.Awould keepBcould keep Cmust keepDshould keep 12 答案：D 解析：考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们把所看到的记录下来。分析句子可知，recommend（建议）后用 that 引导宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，构成 should do 结构，should 可以省略。故选 D 项。29、How I wish I _ fly to the moon!Really?That would be great.AcanBmayCshouldDcould 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望我能飞到月球上！真的吗？那太好了。wish 后面的宾语从句中应用虚拟语气，wish 用的是一般现在时，表示与现在事实相反的假设，所以用一般过去时态。故选 D 项。30、“It might have saved me a lot of money”,Mr.Chen sighed,“_ timely from the stock market this July”.Adid I withdrawBshould I withdraw Chave I withdrawnDhad I withdrawn 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：陈先生叹气道：“如果在 7 月我能及时从股市中出来的话，我可能就不会损失很多钱了。”分析句子可知，本句为虚拟语气的条件状语从句，根据 It might have saved me a lot of money 可知，是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时，省略 if，则把助动词 had 放在句首，故选 D。小提示：虚拟语气。虚拟语是一种表示假设状态的句型，是一种特殊的动词形式；表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是说话者的一13 种假设，或不大可能实现的空想。根据虚拟语气的特点我将其分成了四大块，请往下看。虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，根据时态的不同，主从句的谓语动词可分为以下 3 种情况 1).与现在事实相反的虚拟语气过去时，例：If he studied harder，he might pass the exam（如果他努力学习，他可能通过考试了）使用要点：不论主语为第几人称，if 从句中的 be 动词均用 were；主句中的助动词一定为过去时，且后面接动词原形，例1：If I were you，I would beat him.例 2：If he were here，I would beat him.2).与过去事实相反的虚拟语气过去完成时，使用此句型时从句中会出现 had had 的情况，同学们要注意区分 had 与 had had 区别，例 1：If he had money，he would buy a car.（如果他有钱，他会买辆车）此句中 had 为一般过去时动词，翻译为“有”例 2：If he had had money，he would have bought a car.（如果他那时有钱，他就会买辆车）此句中第一个 had 为过去完成时助动词，第二个 had 为 have（有）的过去分词。3).与将来事实相反的虚拟语气主句用过去时，例：If it should rain，the game would be put off.（如果下雨，比赛会推迟）使用要点：if 从句一定要加助动词 should，ifshould 翻译为“万一”；31、Would you mind if I _ the window?Not at all.In fact,I was going to suggest you _ it.14 Aopen;didBopened;to doCopen;doingDopened;do 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气中的时态。句意：你介意我把窗户打开吗？不介意。事实上，我正打算建议你这么做。第一空 would you mind sb did 是英语的固定句型,if 后的句子要用一般过去时，表示与将来情况相反；第二空suggest 作为“建议”讲宾语从句用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，should 可以省略。故选 D。小提示：后接虚拟语气的常见词 1）在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2）类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词；decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。如第二空 suggest 作为“建议”讲宾语从句用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，should 可以省略。故选 D。32、I insisted that he _ at once.Abe goneBgo 15 Cwould goDmight go 答案：B 解析：考查 insist 后的宾语从句。句意：我坚持要他马上走。此处 insist 的意思是“坚持要”表示命令、要求，其后之宾语从句要用虚拟式动词原形 或者“should+动词原形”。故选 B。小提示：insist 的用法：1).意思是“坚持要”表示命令、要求，其后之宾语从句要用虚拟式动词原形 或者“should+动词原形”。例句：I insist that you(should)be present.这种虚拟语气的用法除了“insist”还有：demand,suggest,order,propose.2).意思是“坚持说,硬说”，其后宾语从句用普通时式，不用虚拟语气。例句：She insisted that he was wrong.33、The explosion in the chemical plant _ avoided had the county authorities,aiming too much at short-term interests,performed their duties from the beginning.Ashould beBmight beCmust have beenDcould have been 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果县政府从一开始就履行自己的职责而不是过分着眼于短期利益，那么这座化工厂的爆炸本来是可以避免的。分析句子可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟，if 引导的条件句用过去完成时，if 省略，句子倒装，所以主句是 had the county authorities,aiming too much at short-term interests,performed their duties from the beginning，从句是 could have been。故 D 选项正确。小提示：16 if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(waswere)would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过 去 时(waswere)；should do；were to do would/could/might/should do 分析句子可知，本句是对过去事情的虚拟，if 引导的条件句用过去完成时，if 省略，句子倒装，所以主句是had the county authorities,aiming too much at short-term interests,performed their duties from the beginning，从句是 could have been。故 D 选项正确。34、Sorry,Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.Well._ you hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.AAs ifBEven ifCIf onlyDOnly if 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：对不起，爸爸。我的学习成绩不好。哦，要是你没有浪费那么多时间玩网络游戏就好了。A.As if 好像，引导方式状语从句；B.Even if 即使，引导让步状语从句；C.If only 要是多好，但愿；D.Only if 只要，引导条件状语从句。If only 接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。故选 C 项。35、Dont be afraid!If the person standing in front of us were a witch,she _ us into frogs already.Awould turnBwould have turnedCmay turnDmay have turned 答案：B 解析：考查 if 引导的虚拟条件句。句意：别害怕！如果站在我们面前的人是女巫，她早把我们变成青蛙了。分析句子可知，事实上站在我们面前的不是女巫，所以 if 引导的从句是用的虚拟语气；且根据 already 可以知道是对已经发生的事情（过去）的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟时，谓语要用 wouldcouldmightshould+have done，故选17 B 项。小提示：if 引导的虚拟语气的用法概括：1).表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式（be 动词用 were），主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：If the weather were fine,we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）If they had time,they would/could/might go with me.如果他们有时间，他们就会（可能）和我一起去。2).表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式，主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。如：If I had taken his advice,I shouldnt/wouldnt/couldnt have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。3).表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形，主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如：The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）If it should rain,the crops would/could/might be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）会得救。36、Tina didnt take the medicine last night,did she?No,but I wish she _.AdidBshouldChadDwould 18 答案：C 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：Tina 昨晚没有吃药，是吗？没有，但我希望她吃了。分析句子可知，wish 之后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，结合语境可知，此处是与昨晚的事相反，即与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时 had done，原句中省略了 taken，故选 C 项。37、-Sorry for having kept you waiting.But for the traffic jam，I_ 20 minutes earlier Never mind，I havent been waiting that long.AarrivedBwould have arrived Cwould arriveDhad arrived 答案：B 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：很抱歉让你久等了，要不是堵车，20 分钟前我就到了。没关系，我没等那么长时间。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，用 would+have done 的形式，故 B 项正确。小提示：注意 but for 引导的句子或短语有时相当于一个虚拟条件句，假设的情况并不以条件从句显示出来，而是暗含下上下文中，通过介词短语来表示，要使用虚拟语气，其主要形式为：表示对现在情况的虚拟：would+do，如，But for his pension，he would starve.要