宾语从句学案.doc

宾 语 从 句
复习目标：
1．掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词
2．掌握宾语从句的语序──主句+连接词+主语+谓语
3．掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。
重点与难点：语序和时态呼应，与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析
一、宾语从句的定义：宾语从句是宾语的部分是由句子来充当。
二、过好“三关”学习宾语从句：
（一）过引导词关
1、连词that(在口语中that常可省略) He knows that Jim will work hard.
注意: 否定转移. 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句，从句中的否定往往在主句中体现。如： I don’t believe that they have finished their work.
2、由whether 或if 引导的宾语从句：whether和if都有“是否”的意思。
注意1：在动词不定式之前只能用whether 如： I can’t decide whether to stay.
注意2：在whether …or not 的固定搭配中 如：I want to know whether it’s good news or not .
注意3：在介词后，只能用whether 如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work .
3、由特殊疑问词(wh…)引导(要注意用陈述语气)
如：He asked me,“Where is Mr. Wang?” ---He asked me where Mr. Wang was.
（二）、过语序关
做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。
如：1、Tom said. He is reading a book. → Tom said that he was reading a book.
注意:当who在从句中做主语时,语序本身就是“主语+谓语”顺序,所以就不再变了.
如：I want to know. Who will come tomorrow? →I want to know whoｗill come tomorrow.
(三)、过时态关
宾语从句的时态要受到主句时态的限制，即要和主句的时态保持一致（也有特殊情况），宾语从句的时态往往被忽视，希望能引起我们的注意。从下面三个方面去把握宾语从句的时态。
1、当主句的时态是一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时，从句的时态可根据句意的需要用任意时态。
2、当主句的时态为一般过去时宾语从句的时态要与原句相对应的过去的时态（带“过去”两个字）。
3、当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等，不管主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
四、否定转移问题
在think, believe等动词后面的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示否定意义，一般要将否定词not移到主句的谓语动词上面去，即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的（意义）谓语动词。此时变反意疑问句时仍将宾语从句视为否定，反意疑问部分用肯定形式。如： 1、I don’t think he will come.
2、I don’t think he will come, will he? 3、I think he will come, won’t he?
五、宾语从句的简化
1、当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。
如：Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. Wei Hua hopes to be back soon.
2、当know, learn, remember, forget等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：I don’t know what I should say. I don’t know what to say.
3、当tell, learn, show, teach等动词其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：Could you tell me how I can get there? (句子中的 me 和I指的是同一个人)可以改写为：Could you tell me how to get there?
宾语从句是初中阶段一个重要的语法项目，希望这个口诀可以帮助大家学好宾语从句。
学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。
时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；
宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。
That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。
用思维导图把以上的知识点绘制出来。

达标测评（每小题10分，共100分）
姓名：
1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．___ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If
2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．
A．when does he come B．how will he come
C．if he comes D．whether he'll come
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？
A．what B．how C．whether D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A．how did he mend B．what did he mend
C．how he mended D．what he mended
5．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking
C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after
6．Do you know where _________ now？
A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live
7．Do you know what time _________ ？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave
C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？
A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players
C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
9．The small children don't know _________ ．
A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings
C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings
10．I can't understand _________ ．
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means

达标测评（每小题10分，共100分）
姓名：
1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you．
A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If
2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow．
A．when does he come B．how will he come
C．if he comes D．whether he'll come
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？
A．what B．how C．whether D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？
A．how did he mend B．what did he mend
C．how he mended D．what he mended
5．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking
C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after
6．Do you know where _________ now？
A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live
7．Do you know what time _________ ？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave
C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？
A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players
C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are
9．The small children don't know _________ ．
A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings
C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings
10．I can't understand _________ ．
A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean
C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means

练习题
1. (2009南昌) –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?
-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how
2. (2009·孝感中考) -Tommy, do you know if Frank _____ to the zoo this Sunday if it ___?
-Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine
3. (2009·东营中考) No one can be sure_________ in a million years.
A what man looks like B. what will man look like
C. what man looked like D. what man will look like
4. (2009·德州中考) Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.
A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone
5. (2009·河北中考) The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.
A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost
C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost
6. (2009·德州中考) -When do you think _________?
-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.
A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he came
7. (2009·广东中考) Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises
8. (2009·宜昌中考) -Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.
-Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet.
A. though  B. whether C. unless  D. while
9. (2009·河南中考) -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
-Sorry. I don’t know ________.
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
10. (2009·江西中考) –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?
-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how

练习题
1. (2009南昌) –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?
-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how
2. (2009·孝感中考) -Tommy, do you know if Frank _____ to the zoo this Sunday if it ___?
-Sorry, I have no idea.
A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine
3. (2009·东营中考) No one can be sure_________ in a million years
A. what man looks like B. what will man look like
C. what man looked like D. what man will look like
4. (2009·德州中考) Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.
A. will go B. would go C. goes D. has gone
5. (2009·河北中考) The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _________.
A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost
C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost
6. (2009·德州中考) -When do you think _________?
-About half past five. I will pick him up at the airport.
A. he will come B. will he come C. did he come D. he came
7. (2009·广东中考) Our teacher told us the sun ________ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rising D. rises
8. (2009·宜昌中考) -Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office.
-Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet.
A. though  B. whether C. unless  D. while
9. (2009·河南中考) -What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?
-Sorry. I don’t know ________.
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad
10. (2009·江西中考) –Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?
-I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how