宾语从句讲解-练习-答案.doc

宾语从句
一。时态
（ 一、）主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态。
根椐主句中的谓语动词，决定从句动作发生主句前后关系，所用时态。
I think that she will finish reading that book in two days 我想她两天后看完那本书。
（二、）主句是一般过去时，从句必须用相应的过去时形式。
1．一般过去式
He told me that Jim returned his book to him last Sunday. 他告诉我吉姆上星期天把他的书还他了。
2． 过去进行时
She said she was writing to her friend at this time yesterday. 她说她昨天这时候正在给她的朋友写信。
3． 过去将来时
He asked when they would leave the next week.他问他们下个星期什么时候出发。
4． 过去完成时
She said she had known him since two years ago. 她说她自从两年前就认识他。
5．如从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时
She told us the earth moves around the sun.她告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
The teacher said Japan is the east of China. 老师讲日本位于中国的东部。
二．引导词
1．陈述句，前用引导词that，但经常省略
I hear (that) he will help you with your French. 我听说他将帮忙你的法语。
Lily knew (that)Tom had gone to London by air.莉莉知道汤姆坐飞机去伦敦了。
2．从句是一般疑问句时，前用if或whether
He asked if she liked swimming. 他问她是否喜欢游泳。
He asked me whether Mike came to school by bike or on foot.他问我迈克骑自行车还是步行去学校。
注：在下列几种情况下，只能用whether,不能用if:
●当or not紧随连词之后时。如：I don't know whether or not he will come on time.
●从句用作介词宾语时。如：I am interested in whether he joined the army.
●在带to的动词不定式前。如：She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.
●当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure.
3．从句是特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词。
A．特殊疑问词不是作主语，疑问词放在句首，其它部分按陈述句语序。
Do you know what he did with that thing?
B．如特殊疑问词作主语，语序不用动。Could you tell me who can look after her?
三．宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。如：
Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live? →Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives? ●当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，故语序不再变化。如： Who will give us a talk? Please tell us. →Please tell us who will give us a talk.
四、宾语从句的同义句转换。
　　在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。
　　Can you tell me how I can get to the station？=Can you tell me how to get to the station？
　　五、宾语从句变否定句。
　　如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。
　　I think chicken can swim。 （变否定句）I don’t think chicken can swim。
　　He said that he would go shopping。（变否定句） ……He said that he would not go shopping。
一.单项选择
( ) 1. It's so dark. I can't find out _______ it's a boy _______ a girl.
　　 A. if, and      B. that, and        C. either, or     D. whether, or
( ) 2. Could you tell me if he _______ to Shanghai?
　　 A. has gone      B. had gone         C. went    D. go
( ) 3. He told me _______ she would catch the early bus.
　　 A. which      B. whether         C. why          D. that
( ) 4. Mrs. Green asked me _______ I would go with her.
　　A. what     B. which      C. why      D. that
( ) 5. I don't know _____ the coat _______ cheap enough.
　　 A. if, is     B. where,were       C. that ,was       D. if, were
( ) 6. Call you tell me why _______ yesterday?
A. you didn't come  B. did you not come 　 C. didn't you come   D. you don't come
( ) 7. He said that they _______ Yunnan.
　A. have been to        B. had gone to      C. have gone to       D. has gone to
( ) 8. Jack isn't sure _______ students there are in his class.
　　A. how many  B. what        C. which         D. whether
( ) 9. Can you tell me _______ yesterday?
　　A. what they do     B. what they did C. what do they do      D. what did they do
( ) 10. I want to know _______ his homework yesterday evening.
　A. if he finished  B. whether he had finishedC. had she finished   D. has she finished
( ) 11. Do you know what _______ this time yesterday?
　　A. they are doing   B. are they doing　 C. they were doing  D. were they doing
( ) 12. Excuse me, can you tell me _______ ？A. why was the train late  
B. why the train was lateC. why is the train late      D. why the train is late
( ) 13. Do you know where _______ ? Someone is looking for him.
　　 A. he is     B. he was         C. is he        D. was he
( ) 14. He wanted to know how long _______ in hospital.
　　 A. she is staying     B. she had stayed C. did she stay       D. she stay
( ) 15. I don't know if he _______ . -- He will come if it _______ .
A. comes, won't rain B. will come, doesn't rain C. comes, doesn't D. will come, won't rain
( ) 16. He told me that he _______ to London the next day.
　　 A. would go     B. go          C. went           D. has gone
( ) 17. He said that light _______ much faster than sound.
　　 A. traveled       B. will travel        C. travels       D. is traveling
( ) 18. Our teacher said that the moon _______ around the earth.
　　 A. turn       B. turned      C. has turned        D. turns
( ) 19. He said that April _______ the _______ month of a year.
　　 A. is, third    B. is, fourth     C. was, fourth        D. was, third
( ) 20. Do you know _______ ?
　A. is it whose pen   B. whose pen is it　 C. whose pen it is    D. it is whose pen
( ) 21. Can you tell me _______ ?
　　 A. who are you         B. who you are C. you are who      D. who you be
( ) 22. Do you know _______ of the three?
　A. which book she likes best                     B. which best book does she like
C. that which book she likes best            D. which book she best likes
( ) 23. I hear _______ the teacher will come back from the UK soon.
　　 A. which          B. that      C. when          D. whether
( ) 24. Can you tell me _______ language she speaks?
　　 A. which      B. what      C. that      D. whether
( ) 25. Can you tell us _______ you grow cotton in your country?
　　 A. that     B. whether    C. which    D. whose
( ) 26. I don't understand _______ you said.
　　A. when       B. that C. where        D. what
( ) 27. Do you know _______ made him angry last time?
　　 A. when   B. that      C. where  D. what
( ) 28. Can you tell me _______ the meeting will begin?
　　 A. what        B. whether           C. when        D. where
( ) 29. _______ surprised me most was _______ he didn't go to school yesterday.
　　 A. What, how    B. What, that        C. That, that       D. Whom, that
( ) 30. I wondered __ they had been to America.
　 A. if    B. what     C. who      D. that
( ) 31. Do you know when _______ take off.'?
A. we will       B. we are    C. shall we     D. will we
( ) 32. Do you know _______ Jack left so early?
　　 A. what      B. why        C. until  D. though
( ) 33. Nobody knew _______ .
A. where he comesB. where he was fromC. where he is from D. where does he come from
( ) 34. I am sure _______ you said is true.
　 A. what      B. that    C. which D. who
( ) 35. It has not been decided _______ they will leave.
　　 A. why       B. when       C. which     D. what
( ) 36. Go back _______ you come from.
　　 A. until  B. where    C. when    D. that
( ) 37. Do you know _______ she will go to the cinema with us?
　A. if         B. where     C. who          D. which
( ) 38. The children said _______ they _______ themselves very much.
　　 A. if, enjoy  B. why,enjoyed        C. where,enjoy        D. that, enjoyed
( ) 39. I don't think _______ I _______ out the problem.
　　 A. if, can work B. how, will work C. that, can work D. when, will work
( ) 40. She is afraid _______ he _______ cold at night.
　　 A. that, will catch  B. that, catches C. whether, will catch    D. is, catches
( ) 41. We are sure _______ he _______ to speak English well.
　　 A. that, learned   B. that, has learned C. if, learned     D. if, has learned
( ) 42. The boy asked _______ I _______ any noise from outside.
　　 A. when, heard       B. why, had learned C. whether, had heard    D. what, heard
( ) 43. Who can tell us _______ . about over there?
　A. what they talk B. what do they talk C. what are they talking D. what they are talking
( ) 44. We couldn't find out _______ , so we asked a policeman.
　A. whose bike it was  B. whose bike was it C. whose it was bike  D. whose was it bike
( ) 45. Do you know _______ take to get to the hospital? A. which way must we
B. which must we way C. which way we must       D. which we must way
( ) 46. Tom asked _______ to school late.
　A. who did often come  B. who often came C. why had she left  D. why she had left
( ) 47. I don't remember _______ the boy by himself.
A. why did she leave   B. why she left C. why had she left    D. why she had left
( ) 48. Have you forgotten _______ when he died?
　A. how old he was   B. how old was he C. what did he say   D. what he did say
( ) 49. Nobody knows _______ to visit our school. A. when will he come
B. when does he come C. when he will come D. when he does come
( ) 50. Please tell us _______ to the Science Museum.
A. how can we reach   B. how we can reach C. how can we get    D. how we can get

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