七年级英语寒假专题(四)沈阳牛津版知识精讲.doc

英语寒假专题（四）沈阳牛津版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假专题（四）

初中英语句型转换
一、肯定句改否定句的方法—一步法
1、在be动词（am ,is, are ，was, were）后加否定词not。如：is not ， are not ， am not， was not， were not；其中is not=isn’t, are not= aren’t, 前者为“完全形式”，后者为“缩略形式”。
2、在can，should，will等后加not。如：cannot， should not， will not；
3、上述都没有的，在动词前加助动词do, does, did的否定形式don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。
4、some 改成any。
如： I am a girl. → I am not a girl.
You are a student. →You are not a student.
→You aren’t a student.
This is Tom’s bag, → This is not Tom’s bag.
→ This isn’t Tom’s bag.
答题方法是：否定词not在be后边。

二、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法—三步法
1、把be动词放在句首，剩下的照抄，（some 改成any，I改成you，my改成your，）句点改成问号。
2、把can，shall， will等放到句首，剩下的照抄，（some 改成any，I改成you，my改成your，）句点改成问号。
3、上述都没有的，在句首请助动词Do/Does/Did帮忙，剩下的照抄，（some 改成any，I改成you，my改成your，）句点改成问号。
注意：句首的第一个字母要大写，句尾标点应为“？”。如：
I am in Class 6. → Are you in Class 6?
You are from America. → Are you from America?
It is an orange. → Is it an orange?
答题方法是：要想提问，be提前，句末“？”别忘了。
4、就一般疑问句回答
一般疑问句有两种回答，即：肯定回答和否定回答。其中，肯定回答用yes,否定回答用no。语句顺序为：Yes + 主语 + am /is/ are/was/were. /can. /do/does/did No + 主语+ am not/ isn’t/ aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t. /can’t. /don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. 。如：
（A）—Are you an English teacher?
—Yes, I am. /No, I am not.
（B）—Is that a bird?
—Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.

三、肯定句改特殊疑问句(对划线部分提问)的方法—四步法
1、特殊疑问句的构成。即：特殊疑问句 = 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
2、掌握特殊疑问词what（对事、物提问）;who（对人提问）；where（对地点提问）； how（对状况提问）； how old（对年龄提问）； what colour（对颜色提问）等。
3、答题方法：一找二变三整理。
所谓“一找”，即根据划线部分内容找出合适的特殊疑问句；“二变”，即把余下部分变成一般疑问句；“三整理”，即按特殊疑问句的语序整理句子，注意句首字母要大写，句尾标点为“？”。如：
（1）This is Tom. → Who is this?
（2）That is an orange. →What is that?
（3）Jane is from America. →Where is Jane from?
（4）Miss Wu is fine. → How is Miss Wu?
（5）He is ten. → How old is he?

四步法
1、在一般疑问句的基础上，句首添加一个疑问词即可，可根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词。
2、接着找be动词或can，shall， will等放在疑问词后面，若没有则请助动词do/does/did帮忙，写在疑问词后面，how many除外，必须先写物品，再写be动词等。
3、划线部分去掉后剩下的内容照抄，（some 改成any，my改成your等）
4、句点改成问号。

四、同义句型转换
同义句型转换，是把意思相同或相近的句子用不同的词汇、短语及句型表示出来。如：
I’m Peter. → My name is Peter.
Tom is tall. →Tom isn’t short.

句型转换实例及分析
1. Li Lei does his homework at seven. (改为否定句)
Li Lei ________ ________ his homework at seven.
【解析】此题的要求是改为否定句，原句是一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，句中的does是行为动词，所以第一空应填doesn’t；而第二空则把does还原成do。
2. His sister had lunch at school yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ his sister _________ lunch at school yesterday?
【解析】先弄清原句的时态，had和yesterday都可表明原句时态为一般过去时，所以改为一般疑问句时，须在主语前加助动词did，had还原成have。故正确答案为：Did, have
3. Lucy’s just come back from the USA. (改为反意疑问句)
Lucy’s just come back from the USA, ________ ________?
【解析】原句的时态为现在完成时，Lucy’s是Lucy has 的缩写形式，陈述部分是肯定形式，Lucy为女名，所以正确答案为：hasn’t she
4. He was very tired. He couldn’t do anything. (改为同义句)
He was ________ tired _________ do anything.
【解析】原句意为“他太累了，他什么也不能做。”把两句合并为一句时，根据所给的空格我们可用“too…to…(太……以致于不能……)”结构表达相同的意思。故答案为：too, to，但须注意此句不能用so…that 结构，除非把句子改为He was so tired that he couldn’t do anything.
5. It was windy yesterday. (对句子划线部分提问)
________ was the _________ like yesterday?
【解析】句中的划线部分windy是一个表天气状况的形容词，那么询问天气的句式是“What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)”。所以答案为：What, weather
6. He likes the book. So does she. (改为简单句，使句意不变)
________ he _______ she ________ the book.
【解析】原句意为“他喜欢这本书，她也是。”根据题目要求句意不变，那么我们可以说“他和她都喜欢这本书。”在英语中表达“两者都”可用Both…and …来表示。主语是并列主语，所以第三空为like。
7. Hurry up or we’ll be late. (改为复合句)
________ we ________ hurry, we’ll be late.
【解析】原句是由并列连词or 引导的并列句，只须把祈使句Hurry up改为以if引导的条件状语从句即可。答案为：If, don’t
8. The film is very interesting. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ the film is!
【解析】感叹句的句式为How + adj. + 主语 + 谓语！或 What (a / an) + adj. + n. + 主语+ 谓语！根据所给的空格，应用第一种感叹句式。正确答案为：How interesting
9. The box was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it. (改为简单句)
The box was ________ heavy ________ her ________ carry.
【解析】so…that…句型是一个复合句，若that从句表示否定的，可用too…to结构改成一个简单句，但注意动词不定式的逻辑主语应在不定式前加for sb。故答案为：too, for, to
10. Is the earth round? The little boy asked. (合并为宾语从句)

The little boy asked ________ the earth ________ round.
【解析】一般疑问句作宾语从句时须加连接词if 或whether，当宾语从句表示客观真理或客观事实时，时态不随主句的时态而变化，仍然用一般现在时。故答案为：if / whether, is
11. Jim runs faster than any other boy in the class. (改为同义句)
Jim runs ______ _______ in his class.
【解析】原句意为“吉姆比班里其他任何男孩跑得快。”言外之意，吉姆是班里跑得最快的。此题是由比较级转换成最高级。故正确答案为：the fastest
12. Where did they grow vegetables? (改为被动语态)
Where ________ vegetables ________ ?
【解析】被动语态的结构为be + vt. p. p. (及物动词的过去分词)，原句时态为一般过去时，句子主语vegetables为复数，所以be用were，第二空用grow的过去分词grown。
13. The boy is very strong, and he can carry the heavy box. (合并为一句，使句意不变)
The boy is _________ _________ carry the heavy box.
【解析】原句意为：这男孩非常有力，他能提起那个重盒子。合并为一句时，我们可用adj. (形容词) + enough to 或so + adj. + that从句来改写。根据所给的空格，故正确答案为：strong enough to. 但如果用so … that改写，句子应该是这样：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.
14. I don’t know when we shall leave for Nanjing. 改为简单句)
I don’t know when ______ ________ for Nanjing.
【解析】原句是一个含宾语从句的复合句，当主句谓语动词为know, decide等时，且宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句，我们可用疑问词+不定式来改写。故答案为：to leave
15. Li Lei received a letter from his parents yesterday. (改为同义句)
Li Lei ________ _________ his parents yesterday.
【解析】在英语中，往往一个句子有多种表达法，在平时的学习中同学们要尽可能地把一些词义在用法上相似的单词或短语组合起来，加深记忆，使之不易混淆。句中的received a letter from就相当于heard from。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一、按要求转换下列句型
1. I always get up at the usual time——6：00. (划线提问)
________ _________ ________ you always __________ _________?
2. I worked on the computer for two hours. (划线提问)
_________ _________ __ you _________ on the computer?
3. Tom reached Shanghai at 8 last night. (同义句转换)
Tom ________ _________ Shanghai at eight last night.
4. It was January 6th. (划线提问)
_______ was _______ ________?
5. He works in a factory. (划线提问)
_________ _________ he __________?
6. It was rainy. (划线提问)
_________ _________ the weather _______?
7. Sally often walks to school. (同义句转换)
Sally often _______ to school _______ _______.
8. It was Saturday. (划线提问)
________ _________ was it?
9. My grandfather walked to Guangzhou at the age of 20. (同义句转换)
My grandfather ______ to Guangzhou _ ______ when he was twenty.
10. He was a teacher ten years ago. (划线提问)
_______ _______ he ten years ago?
11. The girl on the bike is one of my friends. (划线提问)
_______ ________ is one of your friends?
12. We say nothing at the zoo. （同义句转换）
We _________ _________ _________ at the zoo.
13. Tom went to school on a bus. （同义句转换）
Tom went to school _________ _________.
14. Jack is 1. 70 metres tall. Janet is 1. 70 metres tall, too.
Janet is _________ __________ ___________ Jack. （同义句转换）
15. Do you want to have a cup of coffee? （同义句转换）
________ you _________ a cup of coffee?

16. Jiaming didn’t come to school this morning because he was ill at home. （划线提问）
__________ __________ ___________ come to school this morning?
17. He can’t write as beautifully as me. （同义句转换）
I can write _________ _________ __________ he.
18. I finished my homework last night. （改为一般疑问句）
__ ___________ __________ your homework last night?
19. Tom worked on the computer for two hours. （划线提问）
__________ __________ ___________ Tom ___________ on the computer?
20. He said nothing in class. （同义句转换）
He __________ __________ __________in class.
21. What’s the weather like? （同义句转换）
_________ the weather?

二、根据句后括号内的要求，填入句中所缺的词
1. I know the answer. (一般疑问句)
______ ______ know the answer?
2. We can see some birds. (一般疑问句)
______ ______ see ______ birds?
3. There is a computer in my house. (一般疑问句)
______ ______ a computer in ________ house?
4. There are some flowers on the teachers’ desk. (一般疑问句)
______ ______ ______ flowers on the teachers’ desk?
5. There are some apples on the tree. (否定式)
There ______ ______ ______ apples on the tree.
6. I think he is very old. (否定句)
I ______ think he ______ very old.
7. Please colour it green. (否定句)
______ ___ colour it green.
8. We can speak good English. (变否定句)
We ______ ______ speak good English.
9. Thank you for helping me. (同义句)
Thank you for ______ ______.
10. There aren’t any pears in the box. (同义句)
There are ______ pears in the box.
11. Whose are these clothes? (同义句)
______ ______ are these?
12. Let me look at your book. (同义句)
Let me ______ ______ ______ ______ your book.
13. Her sweater is red. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ is her sweater?
14. My pencils are in the pencil-box. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ your pencils?
15. I get up at six every day. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ do you get up every day?
16. There are fifty students in my class. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ students are there in your class?
17. These are cars. (用buses改写成选择疑问句)
Are these cars______ ______?
18. The book is in my schoolbag. (变否定疑问句)
______ the book in your school-bag?
19. Two boys are in our house. (改为there be句型)
______ ______ two boys in our house.
20. Can’t you find the map? (作肯定回答)
______, I______.

【试题答案】
一、按要求转换下列句型
1. What time do you always get up?
2. How long did you work on the computer?
3. Tom got to Shanghai at eight last night.
4. What was the date?
5. Where does he work?
6. What was the weather like?
7. Sally often goes to school on foot.
8. What day was it?
9. My grandfather went to Guangzhou on foot when he was twenty.
10. What was he ten years ago?
11. Which girl is one of your friends?
12. We don’t say anything at the zoo.
13. Tom went to school by bus.
14. Janet is as tall as Jack.
15. Would you like a cup of coffee?
16. Why didn’t Jiaming come to school this morning?
17. I can write more beautifully than he.
18. Did you finish your homework last night?
19. How long did Tom work on the computer?
20. He didn’t say anything in class.
21. How’s the weather?

二、根据句后括号内的要求，填入句中所缺的词
1. Do you 2. Can you, any
3. Is there, your 4. Are there any
5. are not any 6. don’t, is
7. Please don’t 8. can not
9. your help 10. no
11. Whose clothes 12. have a look at
13. What colour 14. Where are
15. What time 16. How many
17. or buses 18. Isn’t
19. There are 20. Yes, can

用心 爱心 专心