研究生英语多维教程——课后答案.doc

研究生英语系列教程·多维教程·熟谙－英语课后答案
Book II
Unit 1
A.
1.    assess
2.    alliance
3.    outcome
4.    ethical
5.    identity
6.    ambiguous
7.    tolerable
8.    participates
9.    pursuit
10.    constructive
B.
1.    at stake
2.    were obliged
3.    the climate of
4.    feel well-equipped
5.    beyond my grasp
6.    cut back
7.    other than
8.    rise above
9.    care about
10.    is bounded
C.
1.    incompetent
2.    indulgence
3.    migrants
4.    probes
5.    complex
6.    suspense; engaged
7.    compassionate; committed
8.    tolerant
9.    tempted
10.    interconnected
D.
1.    A. Judging from
2.    B. in which
3.    C. and
4.    D. believe
5.    A. is one of/ is that of
6.    B. must get
7.    C. likely
8.    D. unemployed
9.    C. as well as/ and
10.    B. simpler
E.
1.    what
2.    graduation
3.    intend
4.    getting
5.    eventually
6.    survey
7.    although
8.    graduates
9.    transfer
10.    rise
11.    attending
12.    instead
13.    cause
14.    because
15.    attending
16.    below
17.    failure
18.    expectations
19.    confidence
20.    education
Key to the translation from English to Chinese:
1.    德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。|| 没有挑战就没有反
应，没有发展，没有自由。|| 所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们
开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。
2.    们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。||德.纽伊写道：“不
仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢
？ ||美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕
业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。|| 我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里，们必须
同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。||这
些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力，实际上我们就
剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。
Key to the translation from Chinese to English:
1.    Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but the
y still have ambiguous feelings about their future.
2.    A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the ideali
sm of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.

3.    We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal thems
elves in our performance in the workplace and further education.
4.    It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience i
s the only path to success in life.
5.    We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we k
now, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the b
asis of blind faith in professed experts.
6.    Our task needs a large group of well-informed, caring young people who can
band together, learn from each other, and actively participate in the four mod
ernizations.
7.    If it is to endure, the new school should help the students not only acquir
e a sold basic education and become competent in a specific field, but also be
ready to commit themselves to others.
8.    It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themsel
ves to examinations, the will push competence and commitment to the fringes.

9.    I didn't even speak to him; much less discuss the reconstruction of your sc
hool with him.
10.    Some people think examinations are second to none, but some think examinat
ions have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open essential ques
tion --- what influence do examinations exert on education?
Reading Practice
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D. 5.B

Unit 2
A.    1-H
2-I
3-A
4-E
5-K
6-N
7-L
8-G
9-D
10-C
B.    1. perception
2. responsibility
3. organizational
4. marketing
5. strategies
6. assets
7. transitions
8. dilemma
9. Rivalry
10. compensation
11. whiz
12. invaluable
C.    1. Justify, justification, justifiable, justifiably, justified
2. strategic, strategy, Strategics/Strategy, strategists, strategized, strateg
ically
3. finance, financial, financier, finance, Financially
4. resentful, resents, resentment, resentfully
5. perceive, perception, perceptible, perceptive, perceptibly
6. diverse, diversify, diversity, diversification, diversified
7. destroyed, destructive, destruction, destructionist, destroyers, destroying
, destructible
8. markets, marketable, markets, marketing, marketer
9. prosperity, prospering, prosperous, prosperously
10. derived, derive, derivative, derivatives
D.
1.    A. it even harder
2.    A. that
3.    C. not taking enough exercise
4.    C. to have gone back on
5.    B. functioning
6.    D. on
7.    A. object to seeing
8.    B. to go with it
9.    A. to expanding
10.    A. anxiously awaiting

E.
1.    manufacturers
2.    natural
3.    treatment
4.    experienced
5.    approached
6.    relatively
7.    global
8.    chaired
9.    sustainable
10.    vision
11.    extended
12.    improving
13.    accomplish
14.    array
15.    involvement
16.    activity
17.    rewarded
18.    proposals
19.    domestic
20.    competitors

Key to the Translation from English to Chinese:
Ａ
业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。|| 他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情
况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。|| 要接替他们的工作则需
要很多的人。|| 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。|
| 参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后,对它们进行比较
。|| 各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。

Ｂ
没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大，|| 即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇
员多半担任了主要管理职务。|| 因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，
|| 而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。|| 改进企业
的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的
最大利益而工作

Key to the Translation form Chinese to English:

1. He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mentio
n an excellent managing director.

2. Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace hav
e gone to Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, to form a "body shield" for the purpos
e of preventing the US from bombing the place.

3. Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate busines
s than Judy.

4. Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma o
f whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.

5. More often than not, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful investment of
his capital.

6. John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled
at sports.

7.Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range pros
perity of a family business.

8. You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan
for investment.

9. Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people fol
lowing it as a profession.

10. The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individu
al proprietorship to a joint venture.

Q1 1) Plan a succession management. 2) Define family employment practices 3) E
stablish and maintain family harmony 4) Plan the estate.
Q2 1) Seating an outside board of directors. 2) Developing a family business v
ision document. 3) Holding family council meetings.

Unit 3
Suggested Key to Vocabulary and Structure
A. 1 -d 2 - f 3 - j 4 - a 5 - i6 - h 7 - g 8 - e 9 - c 10- b

1. mobility 2. toll 3. accommodate 4. landscape 5. sprawled 6. implement 7. le
gitimate 8. transit 9. electrified 10. pickup

B.1. Integral 2. better off 3. sprawling 4. emissions 5. metropolitan 6. ban 7
. commuters 8. clutter 9. accommodate 10. displaced

C.1. from coast to coast 2. the great unwashed 3.revere 4.denounce 5. tore up
6. Short of 7. are noted for 8. constriction 9. was guilty of 10. well off

D.1. C. overcrowded 2. B. worthy 3. A. sitting 4. D. recovered 5. D. in nonsmo
kers and nondrinkers 6. D. poured 7. B. unaware of 8. C. recent 9. C. out of t
he question 10. B. understands

E.1. move 2. drive 3. down 4. wheels 5. out 6. without 7. majority 8. imagine
9.realize 10. plagued 11. burns 12. that 13.to 14. what 15. But 16.done 17. al
together 18.on 19. electricity 20. practical

A.在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二
战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧
洲战场。

<<麦氏汽车驾驶大全>>一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做
GP（for General Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉
普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。

1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备
，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛
名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该
公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱
动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。

B.1. The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon d
isplaced horses.
2. We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend mo
re on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill p
eople.
3. While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient
transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic
accidents and traffic congestion.
4. Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5. If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would rad
ically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6. A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from
coast to coast in the United States.
7. The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed
electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay dra
in-pipes not long ago.
8. Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major fa
ctor in the production of dirty air.
9. Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan
cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.
10. Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive us
e of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.

Unit 4
Key to the stylistic comprehension of the text
1.  Part One is from paragraph __3__ to paragraph ___6__.
Part two is from paragraph __7__ to paragraph __14___.
Part three is from paragraph __15__ to paragraph __17___.
2.  The five reasons for deciding to remain childless brought forward by the o
utspoken couple William Peck and Ellen Peck are

A. They attach more importance to freedom,. Spontaneity, privacy and leisure.

B. They want to give their efforts to the community.
C. They fear that the younger generation will suffer from overpopulation as th
ey do now.
D. They are afraid of divorce and child abuse.
E. They are not sure whether they can become good parents.

3. According to a professor of child psychiatry, the three reasons why many yo
ung people are not so interested in family life as their parents are:

A. Parenthood life requires them to give up many things.
B. There are many other opportunities for women to find meaning in their lives
.
C. They are concerned about their future and the future of their children.

Vocabulary and Structure
A.
1. a. coercive         b. coerced
2. a. preoccupation    b. preoccupied
3. a. reluctant         b. reluctance
4. a. adolescent       b. adolescence
5. a. implication       b. implicit
6. a. ambivalent       b. adolescence
7. a. maintenance      b. maintainability
8. a. privacy          b. private
9. a. enthusiasm       b. enthusiasts
10. a . tolerance        b. tolerable
11. a. statisticians      b. statistically
12. a. rational          b. rationality

B.
1. cared for  
2. in terms of
3. lies behind
4. rings a bell
5. passed on to
6. went against
7. lining up
8. chiming in
9. am open to
10. brought up

C.
1.    have evidenced—has evidenced
2.    that prevailed—that had prevailed
3.    associating—associated
4.    raise—raising
5.    on—to
6.    on—to
7.    reluctance—willingness
8.    have—having
9.    are the center—are not the center
10.    This reflects—This is reflected

D.
1.    Adolescents
2.    involved
3.    fact
4.    Therefore
5.    common
6.    or
7.    employed
8.    fewer
9.    negative
10.    contribute
11.    Studies
12.    People
13.    Tend
14.    Drop
15.    Grown

Key to the Translation
A
一些观察家提出，我们正在看到的这种现象根本就不是什么重大变化，或许它和性革命一
样，不是人们行为上的而是表达方式上的一种剧变。 || 一位住在康涅狄格州的精神分析
学家说，“也许，一直就有那么一群与众不同的人存着。只不过他们现在从隐蔽外走了出
来，公开 表明了他们的观点，就像同性恋者那样。||我们这一时代的潮流就是干你想干的
事而不是加以掩饰。这些人身上所反映的不是什么变革而是
人们现在越来越坦率直言的这样一个现象。
B
在最近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是：为数不多的妇女已不再接
受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教
育程度的提高是造成这一文化的重要因素。如今，百分之八十的妇女完成了四年制的高中
学习。而在1940年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占百分之三十。这与现在美国妇女平均晚
一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从1960年的28%上升到20世纪70年代的40%。人们
推迟了生儿育女的时间，只有不到10%的妇女是在结婚后两年内生孩子。除此之外，越来越
多的妇女不想要孩子。工作、晚婚、不要孩子是近年来妇女作用发生变化的主要表现。

1.       Some professional observers believe that young people today are no lo
nger interested in politics and causes, but rather, have become increasingly p
reoccupied with issues closer to themselves.

2.       The higher a woman’s educational attainment, the more likely she is
to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize herself
in the community.

3.       As far as I am concerned, what really lies behind the decision of som
e married couples not to start a family is that they are so narcissistic and h
ave no margin of love to spare others.

4.       The company put on the market a registered invention even without ask
ing the inventor’s permission, which goes against the patent law.

5.       Urged by some other countries, the United Nations has pressured the c
ountry to give up developing and using nuclear weapons.

6.       According to the rule that every member should remain childless, Mr.
And Ms white have no alternative but to withdraw from the Non-Parent Associati
on, for they will attain parenthood soon.
7.       He expects to reveal, by presenting a soap opera, the complexity impl
icit in real life.

8.       In virtually every country, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and child abuse
loon as most challenging social problems.

9.       When interviewed, these elderly people rationalized why they were amb
ivalent about today’s young people.

10.   Many college students are far more concerned with how to get a highly-pa
id job on graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive s
ociety.  

Unit 5
A.
1.    A
2.    B
3.    C
4.    D
5.    B
6.    A
7.    D
8.    B
9.    D
10.    B
11.    C
B.
1.    set him up
2.    fit in
3.    is thankful for
4.    hold down
5.    built up
6.    gone through
7.    weigh heavily on
8.    working out
9.    broken away
10.    let my parents down

C.
1.    C. will rely on
2.    D. have
3.    C. for which
4.    B. which
5.    A. coupled
6.    A. a much greater variety
7.    B. find it difficult
8.    A. Acquiring
9.    C. himself
10.    C. endangered

D.
1.    dead
2.    brought
3.    like
4.    expensive
5.    cost
6.    worse
7.    births
8.    paying
9.    aged
10.    figure
11.    share
12.    majority
13.    producers
14.    poor
15    decent
16.    services
17.    expanding
18.    same
19.    burden
20.    confined

Key to the Translation from English into Chinese  
在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲的国家,老年化和贫困将引起许多新问题, 而这些问题对于工业化国
家来说并不陌生, 但是这些国家拥有资源少得多。
|| 在使用有限资源时所遇到伦理道德问题将更为突出,为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能
成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。
在许多国家,老年人的人数太少,政治上多半相当被动