牛津译林版高一英语讲义.doc

2014年秋季一加一教育高一年级英语讲义（十八）
模块二Unit3 Amazing people
编写人：蔡丹丹 审核人：刘老师 2014/12/24
一、重点单词与短语：
1. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的，令人惊叹的
▲amazed adj. 惊异的，惊奇的 ▲amaze vt. 使惊奇，使惊愕 ▲amazement n. 惊奇，惊愕，惊叹 [u]
①to one’s amazement 使某人惊奇的是
辨析：surprise，astonish与amaze的区别
1)surprise “使吃惊，使惊奇,”最常用词意思较弱。
2)astonish “使大吃一惊”（=surprise greatly）
3)amaze“使惊奇，使惊愕，”含惊叹，佩服之意。
典题赏析：
1)We’re _____ at the _____ news that Saddam was sentenced to death. 【07南通调研】
A. amazing; amazed B. amaze; amazing C. amazed; amazing D. amazed; amazed
2. explorer n. 探险家
▲explore vt. 探险 ▲exploration n. 探险 [u/c]
3. curious adj. 好奇的，求知欲强的
①be curious about 对…感到好奇
②be curious to do sth. 极想干某事
③It is curious that… …是奇怪的 。
▲curiously adv. ▲curiosity n. 好奇心 [u]
④in/with curiosity 好奇地
⑤out of /from curiosity 出于好奇
⑥show great curiosity about 特别喜欢打听…
⑦curiously enough 真是奇怪（修饰整个句子）
典题赏析：
1)He was _____（好奇）to know what was happening in the office. 【08陕西】
2)People have always been curious _____ how living things on the earth exactly began.【06辽宁】
A. in B. at C. of D. about
3) _____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
4)As he came here first, he looked at everything Which of the following is not right?
A. in curiosity B. with curiosity C. out of curiosity D. about curiosity
4. set sail (for) 启航
Set 相关短语
①set about 着手/开始做某事（后接ing形式）
②set out 出发，动手；开始做某事（后接不定式）
③set aside 存蓄；放在一边
④set off 动身，出发；使爆炸；（铃）响
⑤set free 释放
⑥set up 竖起来；建立；创（记录）
⑦set an example 树立榜样
⑧set fire to 放火烧…(=set…on fire)
⑨set foot in 踏上，登上；涉足；访问
⑩be set in 以…为背景
典题赏析：
1)At the age of 17, he set sail _____ Alexandria.
A. to B. for C. about D. on
2)Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he _____ his own work and translated it into German. 【08山东】
A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside
3)For all three years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll _____ my own business someday. 【06江西】
A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. make up
4)It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
5)You’d better _____ some money for special use. 【01上海春】
A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away
6)—When are you planning to __ England again?
—After I finish the work.
A. set free B. set foot C. set foot in D. set up
5. fortune n. 大笔的钱，财富 [c]；运气，好运 [c]；机会，命运 [u]
①make a fortune 发财
②have good/bad fortune 运气好/不好
③tell sb. sb.’s fortune 给某人算命
④seek one’s fortune 碰运气，离家闯天下
▲fortunate adj. 幸运的，侥幸的，庆幸的 (反：unfortunate)
⑤be fortunate in 在…方面很幸运；为有…而幸福
⑥be fortunate to do sth. 幸运地干某事
⑦It is fortunate of sb. to do sth. 干某事某人是幸运的。
⑧It is fortunate that… …是幸运的。
▲fortunately adv. (反：unfortunately)
典题赏析：
1)She’s hoping her first performance in the US will be the first step on the road to success, then
she wants to try her _____ in Hollywood.
A. reputation B. fortune C. fame D. target
6. come across (run across/into) （偶然）遇见，发现；受欢迎；越过，过来
①come about 发生
②come along/on 进展，进步；（健康状况）好转；出现，碰巧遇到
③come at 袭击；达到，得到
④come away 脱落
⑤come back 回来；记起，回忆起；
⑥come by 从旁走过；得到，获得
⑦come down 下来，降下；倒下/塌；败落，没落；流传下来；生病，病倒；减价；付款
⑧come for 来接（人），来取（物）
⑨come forth 出现，涌现；被公布
⑩come from 来自
come in 进来；到达，进站
come in for 接受，受到
come into 进入；得到
come off 脱落，离开
come on 跟着来；进步，进展；开始…起来；举行，上演
（表示劝说，激励，不耐烦等）来，快，得啦
come out 出来，出版；长出，发芽，开花；传出，露出；表达清楚；算出来，总计
come out with 发表，公布，出版
come over 顺便来访
come round 来，前来
come through 经历；通过；收到，到达
come to 共计，达到；达到…地步；达成；苏醒
come to end 结束
come to oneself 苏醒过来；醒悟过来
come up 走近；上来，上楼；长出，长芽；发生；提出，提及
come upon/on 突然袭来，突然产生；偶然发现，偶然遇见；要求
come up to 达到，符合
come up with 赶上；提出，想出，提供
to come 未来的，将到来的（用在名词后作定语）
典题赏析：
1)—Have you _____ some new idea?
—Yeah I’ll tell you later. 【07江苏】
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
2)—Four dollars a pair? I think it’s a bit too much.
—If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _____ three fifty. 【06安徽】
A. come down B. take down C. turn over D. go over
3)It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it _____ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. 【06湖北】
A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up
4)—I’m dead tired. I can’t walk any further, Jenny.
—_____, Tommy. You can do it. 【06江西】
A. No problem B. No hurry C. Come on D That’s OK
5)The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _____.【05福建】
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
7. entrance n. 入口，入口处；大门口；入，入场，入学，入会（反：exit）
①the entrance to/of … …的入口处
②make one’s entrance 入场
③No entrance 闲人免进
④entrance free 免费入场
⑤a school entrance examination入学考试
8. at the moment of 当…的时候
①at any moment 随时，任何时刻
②at the moment 此刻，现在；那时
③at the last moment 在最后一刻
④for a moment 一会儿，片刻
⑤for the moment 目前，暂时
⑥in a moment 立即，马上，一会儿
⑦just a moment 稍等一下
⑧a moment ago 刚才
⑨the moment (that) 一…就…
典题赏析：
1)—Shall we go out for a walk?
—Sorry. This is not the right _____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.
A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance
2)The classroom is big enough _____, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment
3)—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes, I gave it to her _____ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
9. secretary n. 秘书；书记，干部；大臣，部长
①a secretary to / of sb 某人的秘书
She is private secretary to/of the president 她是董事长的私人秘书。 ②general secretary 总书记 ③the Secretary of State (英) 国务大臣；（美）国务卿
10. shortly adv. 不久，很快 （=soon）
①shortly after… …之后不久
Shortly after graduation he found a job. 毕业后不久，他找到了工作。
11. have something/nothing/much/a little/ little to do with…
与…有些/没有/许多/有点儿/几乎没有关系
典题赏析：
1)I had _____ to do with the murder. I was at home all night.
A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything
2)—Don’t have too much to do with him. His father is a prisoner.
—_____? His father is in prison, not he.
A. So what B. Why not C. What about D. Or what
12. coincidence n. 巧合，碰巧 [c/u]
①by coincidence 碰巧；由于巧合
②pure coincidence 纯属巧合
③It is a coincidence that… …是个巧合。
典题赏析：
1)It can’t be a(n) _____ that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. 【02上海春】
A. coincidence B. accident C. incident D. chance
13. connection n. 联系 ；连接
①in connection with 与…有关系；关于
▲connect vt. 连接，连结；联系
▲connected adj. 连接的；有关系的
14. disturb vt. 打扰，扰乱
Don’t disturb. 请勿打扰
disturb the peace 扰乱治安
▲disturbance n. 动乱，骚扰；扰乱，不安
▲disturbing adj. 令人烦扰的，令人不安的
▲disturbed adj. 困扰的
辨析：disturb与interrupt的区别
1)disturb “打扰，扰乱”，指打扰某人或扰乱治安等。
2)interrupt “打断，打扰；中断，阻断”，指打断谈话，中断节目等。
典题赏析：
1)The earth’s ecological balance is _____ by cutting down rainforest.
A. troubled B. puzzled C. hurt D. disturbed
2)Hearing the _____ news, we were all _____.
A. disturbing; disturbing B. disturbed; disturbed
C. disturbing; disturbed D. disturbed; disturbing
3)Don’t _____ the speaker; ask your questions afterwards.
A. disturb B. interrupt C. bother D. upset
4)Sorry to _____ you, but I have an urgent message.
A. disturb B. interrupt C. bother D. upset
15. breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸
①breathe in 吸入
②breathe out 呼出
▲breath n. 气息；呼吸
③hold/ catch one’s breath 屏住气息，不出声
④lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
⑤take a deep breath 深呼吸
⑥take/draw breath 呼吸；休息一下
⑦out of breath 上气不接下气
⑧bad breath 口臭
典题赏析：
1)Jack took a deep _____（呼吸）and then dived into the water. 【06全国】
2)Eric came running into the room, out of b_____.【06浙江】
3)We had great difficulty in_____（呼吸）, for the air is thin. 【06陕西】
16. result vi. 结果，导致
n. 结果
①result in 导致，引起
②result from 由…而引起，起因于…
③as a result 因此，结果
④as a result of 因为，由于
⑤without result 毫无结果地
典题赏析：
1)His being late _____ the heavy snow.
A. as a result of B. as a result C. resulted from D. resulted in
2)To her great disappointment, what she had devoted herself to _____ in nothing but failure.
A. resulting B. results C. has resulted D. resulted
3)The secret of her success may _____ the fact that she knows when to study and when to play.
A. result in B. lie in C. fill in D. take in
4)Jenny nearly missed the flight _____ doing too much shopping. 【09全国】
A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of
5)My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _____, he could neither eat nor sleep.
【05江西】
A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise
6)Your success has resulted _____ your hard work. His angry words resulted _____ a fight.
A. from; from B. in; in C. in; from D. from; in
17. clothing n. “衣服，服装 [u]”，是服装的总称，没有复数形式，后接单数动词。
a piece of clothing/an item of clothing/an article of clothing 一件衣服     
food and clothing  衣食
children’s clothing 儿童服装  
winter clothing冬装
clothing manufacturer服装厂
protective clothing防护服
辨析：与clothes，cloth和dress的区别
1)clothes n.“衣服”，是最常用词，统指身上的各种衣服，是复数名词，不能直接与数词连用，后接复数动词。
a suit of clothes 一套衣服
She often wears beautiful clothes. 她经常穿着漂亮的衣服。
2)cloth n. 布，布料 [u]；（一块）布，台布 [c]
a piece of cloth 一块布
She bought some cloth to make some new dress. 她买了一些布做新衣服。
3)dress n. 女服，连衣裙 [c]；礼服 [u]；服装 [u]（尤指外衣）
She often wears a beautiful dress. 她经常穿着漂亮的连衣裙。
full/evening dress 大礼服/晚礼服
He doesn't care much about dress. 他不太注意衣着。
典题赏析：用以上词填空
1)This shop sells children’s _
2)He wears fine _____.
3)They provided the refugees with food and _____.
4)It’s June now. People begin to wear their summer _____.
5)Your _____ are on the bed.
6)She needs a lot of _____ if she wants to make a new _____.
7)Most scientists don’t care about their _____.
8)Use a dish _ to wash these plates and bowls.
18. certain adj. 1)确定的，肯定的
①be certain of/about 对…有把握/确信
②be certain to do sth 一定会做某事
③for certain 肯定地，确定地
④make certain (of/about/that...) 把…弄清楚；确保…
⑤ It is certain that... …是肯定的。 2)某一，某种；某些
a certain teacher/reason 某一位老师/某种原因
certain teachers/reasons 某些老师/某些原因
▲certainly adv. 当然；一定 ▲certainty n. 必然，肯定 [u]；确定的事，毫无疑问的事 [c]
辨析：certain与sure的区别
1)certain “确信的，确定的” 主语既可以是人，也可用于’It is certain that...” 的句型中。
2)sure的主语多为人,不能说“It is sure that ...”。
典题赏析：
1)Wait till you are more _____. It’s better to be sure than sorry. 【97全国】
A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain
2)—May I ask a question after class, Sir?
— _____ , but not during my lunch break. 【08重庆】
A. I’m sorry B. Anytime C. Certainly D. Go ahead
3)It is _____ that he will pass the exam.
A. certain B. sure C. necessary D. essential
19. to this day 直到今天
20. pay off 还清；成功，带来好结果，得到回报
①pay back 归还，偿还
②pay for 为…付款
③pay in cash 支付现金
④pay by cheque 支票付款
⑤pay down 随时支付，付现款
⑥pay a visit to 参观，拜访
⑦pay attention to 注意
典题赏析：
1)Though we take a great risk of investing in the project, yet it will _____ in the long run.
A. pay back B. pay for C. pay off D. pay down
21. whichever pron. & adj. “无论哪个；无论哪些”，既可引导名词性从句又可引导状语从句。
You can choose whichever you want. 你要哪一个，就挑选哪一个。
You can take whichever seat you want. 你喜欢哪一个座位，就坐哪一个。
Whichever of you gets there first will get the prize.
你们谁第一个到达那里谁就得到这个奖品。
Whichever book you borrow, you must return it in a week.
你无论借哪一本书，都必须在一周内归还。
典题赏析：
1) _____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championship. 【06山东】
A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever
22. would rather 宁愿
①would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）干某事
与现在或将来事实相反时，从句中的谓语动词用过去式。
②would rather+从句
与过去事实相反时，从句中的谓语动词用had+p.p.。
I’d rather you came now. 我宁愿你现在来。
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
I would rather you had not done that yesterday. 我真希望你昨天没有做那件事。
③ would rather …than… 宁愿…而不愿…
would …rather than… 宁愿…而不愿…
He would rather stay at home than go out.
He would stay at home rather than go out. 他宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。
I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.
我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
典题赏析：
1) I'd rather you _____ her at the airport tomorrow morning.
A. meet          B. will meet             C. would meet        D. met
2) —Do you mind if I open the window?
—_____I feel a bit cold. 【04广东】
A. Of course not. B. I’d rather you didn’t. C. Go ahead. D. Why not?
3)To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _____ travel by air.
A. as B. to C. than D. while
23. a great deal of “大量，许多”
①a great /good deal of +不可数名词+动单
②a great /good deal 可作副词短语，可单独使用；也可以修饰形容词、副词及其比较级。意为“大量，许多， …得多”
I see her a great deal. 我经常去看她。
She is a great deal better today. 今天她好多了。
辨析：
1)修饰可数名词复数的短语有：
a great /good many
a large number of
quite a few
dozens of +名复+动复
scores of
many
2)修饰不可数名词的短语有：
a great /good deal of
a great /large amount of
quite a little +不可数名词+动单
much
3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的短语有：
a lot of
lots of
plenty of +可数名词复数或不可数名词
a great /large quantity of
great /large quantities of
典题赏析：
1)After several years’ self-study, he acquired _____ knowledge.
A. a great many B. a large number of C. a great deal of D. a bit
2)Mary’s house is next to mine; we see each other _____.
A. a number of B. a lot of C. a great many D. a great deal
3)They had _____ chances to win the game, but they lost anyway. Which of the following is not right?
A. a quantity of B. plenty of C. a number of D. a great deal of
24. warning n. 警告，提醒 [c/u]
①advance warning 预先通知/警告
②without warning 毫无征兆
▲warn vt. 警告，提醒; 预告，预先通知
③warn sb. of/about/against sth. 警告某人某事
④warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人干某事
⑤warn sb. not to do sth. = warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人不要干某事
⑥warn sb. that … 警告某人…
典题赏析：
1)The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation. 【96全国】
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
2)I _____ him of the opposition he would meet.
A. warned B. threatened C. trea