屠屠老师四六级写作电子版讲义.doc

出题内容
四六级考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。具体说来可以分为两个方面：
（1）关于大学和大学生的话题，例如：
My View on University Ranking
Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese
College Students’ Mental Health

（2）常见的社会问题，例如
Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?
On the Importance of a Name
Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?

根据这两类既往考题的特点，我们可以设想出更多的四六级写作练习题或模拟题，例如：
Should College Students Be Allowed to Live off Campus?
More Students Attend Graduate Admission Exams
Food Safety
Keeping Pets
Ignore China’s Traditional Cultures

评分标准：
2分 ——条理不清， 思路紊乱， 语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误， 且多数为严重错误。
5分 ——基本切题。表达思想不清楚， 连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分 ——基本切题。有些地方表达思想不清楚， 文字勉强连贯， 语言错误相当多， 其中有一些是严重错误。
11分——切题。表达思想清楚， 文字连贯， 但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题。表达思想清楚， 文字通顺、 连贯， 基本无语言错误， 仅有个别小错。

For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 当今社会上存在着很多不诚实的现象。
2. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。

高分样卷
Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.
Dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won't buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.
In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.

1) 字迹清楚，段落明朗
字体大小应该适中，平时可以专门练习一下英文书法，如手写印刷体或意大利斜体；最低要求是保证清楚及三个一致，及字体大小一致，倾斜方向一致，水平方向一致。段落多数为三段，少数可以写成四段，最好用传统的自然分段方式，即段首缩进式，每段开头空4-8个字母的格；如果采用每行都顶头写的方式，则段与段之间要隔一行，使人一目了然。
2) 要点完整，紧扣提纲
一般是三点提纲对应着三个自然段（个别文章提纲中某一点可以分为两段写），而且顺序尽量不要颠倒，确保阅卷人在短时间内看到自己写了规定的内容。
3) 首保正确，再求闪光
要首先保证语法和拼写正确，哪怕用小词、短句也可以。有能力的话再追求闪光的词句。
4) 先总后分，连词用上
英语段落通常遵守开门见山，先总后分的格局，一般是先写主题句，后写扩展句。写作时通常可以将提纲直接翻译出来作为主题句。扩展句之间最好用上关联词，如表示列举、举例、递进、对比、因果等关系的词，因为英语特别重视形式上的衔接，而且这样可以给人以条理性、逻辑性强的感觉。
5) 语言简练，内容得当
这一条不是很重要，但也会在一定程度上影响分数。有些考生背诵了一些经典的句型，为了凑字就全用上了，给人低层次的感觉。还有些考生作文写上很多无关的话，如对阅卷人的问候语，过多的设问等等，徒增凑字之嫌，导致低分。

提纲式作文
一、 对立观点
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么?
2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事为什么?
3. 我的看法

There is no denying the fact that setting off firecrackers has been a controversial topic in China. People’s opinions differ sharply on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that it is an ancient Chinese custom which should be preserved. They also claim that firecrackers make festivals and holiday occasions more colorful and entertaining for both adults and children. Without firecrackers, festivals would become dull and cheerless.
Others, however, hold the opposite view. They maintain that firecrackers should be banned. First, they point out that firecrackers are responsible for fires, which destroy property, and for injuries suffered both by the people who set them off and by innocent bystanders. Secondly, they say that firecrackers are a waste of money and resources. Last but not least, setting off firecrackers results in environmental pollution.
Personally, I believe that we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we should preserve the old custom of letting off firecrackers; on the other hand, we should make it harmless. This can be done by banning firecrackers from public places. In addition, the setting off of firecrackers should be restricted to festival days.
(Personally, I object to banning firecrackers. Though it may lead to some problems, it is not the fault of firecrackers themselves. Besides, as a Chinese tradition, setting off firecrackers has become part of Chinese culture, the absence of which would reduce the attraction of Chinese festivals.)

实战演练
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.
1. 现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班
2. 对这种做法有人表示支持，但有人并不赞成
3. 我认为……

There is no denying the fact that it has become a prevailing trend for parents to send their children to art training classes of all kinds. Taking a look around, we can find examples too many to list.
To this phenomenon people’s attitudes differ sharply. Proponents claim that attending art classes can help nurture children’s interest or tap their potentials in art. This, they believe, will contribute to a child’s all-sided development. Besides, they argue that mastering skills of one art or two can add to a child’s edge of competition in the modern world.
Opponents, however, point out that not all children are interested or talented in art, and a child may not be fond of all forms of art. Forcing them to go to art classes may only restrict their freedom and affect their healthy growth.
Personally, I believe that we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, it must be admitted that going to art classes is and effective means to find out children’s talent in art and it is conducive to their sound development. On the other hand, parents should not deprive their children of the right to choose to learn what they truly like. Remember, the fittest is the best.

二、 问题解决
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害
2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that fake commodities have been a grave problem with which we are confronted. Fake and shoddy goods flood the market. Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list: pirated editions of books and films, food and drinks of poor quality and the like.
Fake and shoddy goods are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to them. First and foremost, they directly infringe upon consumers’ rights, wasting their money and threatening their health and even lives. Besides, the production and sale of fake goods cause serious losses on the part of honest and lawful producers. Last but not least, the destruction of fake commodities means a grievous waste of the nation’s resources.
In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to ban the manufacture and circulation of fake and shoddy goods. Secondly, the public should enhance their awareness of identifying and refusing sub-standard commodities. With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time for fake and shoddy goods to become things of the past. / With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem will be solved in the near future.

实战演练
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1． 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象
2． 出现这种现象的原因和后果
3． 为了改变这种状况，我认为……

No one can have failed to notice the fact that a number of students pay little attention to the study of Chinese nowadays. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to enumerate: some play truant from Chinese classes, some read few Chinese classics and some rarely write articles in Chinese.
A number of factors can account for such phenomenon, but the following might be the critical ones. For one thing, the craze for learning English affect, to some degree, students’ passion for the study of their native language. For another, the increasing emphasis on some so-called “practical courses” closely related to job hunting also cut into students’ time and energy spent on the study of Chinese.
The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First, students’ weakness in Chinese would lead to their ignorance of Chinese culture. Secondly, their problems with Chinese would also hamper their study of other subjects.
In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. In the first place, it is essential that the school attach more importance to the teaching of Chinese. In the second place, students should enhance their awareness of the importance of mastering their mother tongue. Only with these measures taken can we expect the all-sided development of students.

谚语警句
More haste, less speed.
Action speaks louder.
Adversity is the way to success.
Ø 第一段
第一段要解释这一谚语的含义。其实用一句话解释不难，从字面上解释一下即可。如 The proverb means that one cannot achieve his goal or will waste time if he is too hasty. 不过，既然要写成一段，那就应该再扩展一下。其实，在这里可以从正面和反面各思考一下：为什么“太着急就达不到原来的目的”？反过来，不着急又应该怎样做？这样可说的话就多了。其实，这就是正反对比的写法。

Ø 第二段
其实第二段举例还是比较容易的。首先，如果能够想到一些上比较有名的历史事例，写出来是比较有说服力的，如“拔苗助长”、“大跃进”等。但表述这样一些历史事例对一部分同学来说可能有难度，那么可以想象一下现实生活中的例子，或者个人经历，这是比较容易操作的。其实，如果这些例证都不好表述，可以以英语学习为例。学生的任务就是学习，而且很多这里面要提到的很多内容都可以用于别的文章的写作，可以总结得精练一点。

Ø 第三段
如上所述，第三段要“总结发挥”，即强调一下该谚语的重要性，说明我们在学习、工作、生活等方面都要注意。并且可以提出一些具体的建议。在文章最后还可以以一个类似含义的英文谚语来结束写作。

实战演练
A famous saying goes that “practice makes perfect”, which means that perfection lies in practice. Without practice, you can never expect to be really good at anything. On the contrary, the more you practice, the more likely you are to do things in a perfect way
Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. The best illustration might be English study. If you wish to improve your pronunciation, you must practice pronouncing every English syllable again and again. Likewise, if you want to write an excellent composition, you have to sit down and write.
Another example is Deng Yaping, the former world No. 1 woman Ping-pong player. This short girl, who does not seem to be cut out for sports, owes her success to painstaking and perseverant practice.
In short, practice is essential if we want to make achievements in our studies or work, or indeed in any other aspect of our life. Practice, to some degree, can make the difference between being merely good at something and becoming a champion.

图画图表

Emerging from the cartoon is an ironic scene that a man is striving to climb up the stairs called "savings", with sweat pouring down his face. After a hard journey, he is almost getting to the highest position. Unfortunately, he falls down because of illness. How vivid this drawing is in describing the importance of health.
　　Many people consider social status and wealth as the primary goals of life, but the picture above reminds us that without health, no pleasure can be tasted by man. Good health is essential for everything. First of all, an unhealthy person can hardly surpass energetic ones in his work and thus has little chance to gain great wealth and the consequent higher social status. In addition, even though a person happens to live an affluent life, he cannot enjoy it without health. Many successful entrepreneurs are reported to be harassed by illness and some even die at the prime of life, leaving their luxurious houses, big cars, beautiful clothes and all the great things behind.
From the above arguments, we can conclude that everyone, especially those preoccupied with tight work schedules, should realize the importance of good health and spare a little time to take exercises and arrange healthy diets.

【必背范文】
It can be seen from the chart that there have been sharp increases in the number of people traveling abroad in City X in the past decade. As the chart shows, the year of 2000 witnessed only about 10,000 people from this city touring abroad. In 2005, the number soared to nearly 40,000. In the following five years, more than 120,000 people in the city chose to spend their vacations outside China.
A number of factors account for the change in the chart, but the following are the most critical ones. First, thanks to the policy of reform and opening-up, the nation’s economy has been developing at a considerably high speed in the past decades. Therefore, the people have more extra money for traveling. Secondly, other relevant state policies and the boom of touring industry provide citizens with more opportunities to go out and see the world. Last but not least, people have attached greater importance to the quality of life, thus they spend more money and time traveling and sight-seeing.
The changes stimulated the development of economy in this country, for the booming of touring industry contributed to the prosperity of a number of other industries. But we should not ignore problems resulting from the changes, such as poor service and crowded traffic. Only by solving these problems can we create a bright future for touring industry and the economy as a whole.