TOEFL听力训练绝杀技能.doc

TOEFL iBT
Listening
Campus related conversation
Academic lecture

Directions:
This section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English.
The listening section is divided into 2 or 3 separately timed parts. In each part you will listen to 1 conversation and 2 lectures. You will hear each conversation only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will answer some questions about it. The questions typically ask about the main idea or supporting details. Some questions ask about a speaker’s purpose or attitude, answer the questions based on what is stated or implied by the speakers.
You may take notes while you listen. You may use your notes to help you answer the questions. Your notes will not be scored.

注意：
托福考试听力主要分2-3 个部分， 每一个部分是一个对话和两个讲座。 每一个对话和讲座考生只能听一次， 考试时间是60-90分钟。

Conversations

Brief Introduction
There are 2-3 parts and each part there’s only one conversation, every conversation lasts 3-6 minutes. After the conversation, you will be asked five questions about the conversation. The questions are mainly asked the main idea of the conversation and supporting details.

What’s the conversation about?
The conversation is about campus related situations, such as curriculum-related conversation, major-related conversation, subject or course matters, class-drop-off matters, school-transfer matters, laboratory situations, library situations, scholarship, bursary or department matters, classroom activities, group-study, field trip and athletic field situations, work and part-time job related conversations, registration work and campus life, etc.

Strategies for taking the exam:
1. Before the conversation began, you will hear an announcement of the narrator. Listen carefully of the narrator’s announcement and make it sure where is the situation and who are the two speakers

You usually most like to hear one of the following notes:(你很可能听到一下内容相似的一个内容)
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.（图书馆馆员）
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and his professor. （教授）
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a receptionist of the registrar’s office at the beginning of the first semester.（报到处或注册处）
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a consular of the consultancy center.（咨询中心）
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a faculty adviser of the campus newspaper.(校园报纸指导老师)
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and an employee of the university career center office.(大学就业指导中心的一名雇员)
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and her photography professor.（摄影教授）
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a library employee.（图书馆的员工）

2. Note-taking about the conversation(对对话内容做笔记)
When the conversation is beginning, you need to take notes in order to understand the conversation fully. What you are going to do is jot down the key information and important details.

对话部分主要是五个题，听的时候重要的精力放在一下问题，尽量找答案就行了， 其中有一道题是细节题，但也不难，主要是看学生怎么把握了。
第一个问题肯定是：对话的主要内容或A找B的原因
第二个题是：A对B的态度或A对B的建议
第三第四题是： (细节)A说某某话或发生某某事的具体原因是什么
第五题是: A 或B在某某话中暗示的是什么意思

Who are the two persons(谈话的两个人是谁)
Why A is going to find B（A去找B的原因什么）
Why does the student visit A(学生为什么去访问A)
What’s the problem of A or B（A或B身上发生了什么问题）
What’s the conversation mainly about( 对话讲的主要内容是什么)
What suggestions did the A give to the student(A 的建议是什么)
According to the professor/student what’s …(根据教授/学生 某事发生的原因是什么)
What does the professor imply when he says this?(教授暗示的是什么)
Why does the student say this?(学生为什么这样说)
What can be inferred about the student?(根据学生可以推断出)

First step: Listen to the question more carefully and try to understand it at the same time you are listening
Second step: Quick to scan the multiple choices and find the key words or subject
Third step: Ignore the unrelated choices and compare the most possible choices with one another
Last step: Choose the best choice according to your memory or your notes
第一步：问题要仔细听并听的同时要搞懂到底问的是什么
第二步：快速浏览各个选项并找出关键词或有关内容
第三部：忽略次要的选项， 最有可能的选项相互比较
第四部：根据你的记忆或笔记选择最佳答案

Lecture
Brief Introduction
There are 2-3 parts and each part there are one long and one short lecture, every lecture lasts 4-6 minutes. After the lecture, you will be asked six questions about the lecture. The questions are mainly asked the main idea and supporting details of the lectures.

What are the lectures about?
The content of the lectures are mainly about Arts, Life Science, Physical Science and Social Science.
Art Science includes: Architecture, Industrial design, City planning, Crafts, Cave and Rock arts, Music and Music history, Photography, Literature and authors, Books.etc.
Life Science includes: Extinction of or conversation efforts for animals and plants, Fish and other aquatic organisms, Bacteria and other one-celled organisms, Viruses, Medical techniques, Public health, Physiology and sensory organs, Biochemistry, Animal behavior (migration, food foraging and defenses), Habitation and adaptation of animals and plants to them, Nutrition and its impact on the body, Animal communication, etc.
Physical Science includes: weather and atmosphere, Oceanography, Glaciers, glacial landforms and ice ages, Deserts and other extreme environments, pollution, alternative energy, environmental policy, Astronomy and Cosmology, properties of light and optics, particle physics, Technology of TV, radio, radar, etc.
Social Science includes: Anthropology, Early writing systems, Historical linguistics, business, management, marketing and accounting, social behavior, child development, education, modern history, etc.

Strategies for taking the exam(考试策略):
Step one, before the lecture began, you will hear an announcement of the narrator. Listen carefully of the narrator’s announcement and make it sure what the lecture is about.
For example:
(Narrator)
Listen to part of a lecture in contemporary art class.(当代美学)
Listen to part of a lecture in geology class.(地质学)
Listen to part of a lecture in archeology class.（考古学）
Listen to part of a lecture in biology class. （生物学）

Step two, Note-taking about the lecture
When the lecture began, you need to take notes about the lecture, in order to understand the lecture fully. Your notes mostly include the main idea and supporting details of each reason and results. At the end of the lecture, you should summarize the lecture on your memory in order to get a perfect mark.

我们要记的是考点。每个讲座都很长，但是考的题目才那么几个。所以，我们要通过记笔记来抓住考点。可以很确定的说，考点都是讲座中的重点，它是有规律可循的。我们可以通过中的一些指示词来确定某些话是lecture的重点。 
当你听到以下内容时要保持高度警惕，把听到的内容记下来。因为这些指示词表明着重点的出现
1.建议：
“let’s”表示建议，建议几乎都是考点
“ if” 表示条件概念
“just” 表示建议
“ maybe” 表示建议，也表示不确定因素
2.语气和语气变化及停顿
3. 转折后面的内容
But, however, to the contrary,
4. 强调
You know, remember 后面的内容
各种强调动词或比较性的词汇
5. 询问邀请请求，之后的那句话是重点
问题和答案, 重要例子和个人观点,
每段话的开头和主旨题
During the lecture, in some times, the professor presents his questions and finds answers with some specific examples. So you must understand the questions and prepare your responses.
6. 数字及序数词要认真听
First, second, the first reason, the most important
7. 比较，对比，比喻
Contrast 用于比较截然相反的地方/compare 表示比较相同相似的地方
8. 被重复的语义（同根词，同义词，相同词和反义词）
原因和结果，结论, 被解释的词汇
The main reason is that/as a result/therefore/so/in my opinion
9. 带有倾向性和表示变化的名词，形容词，副词，动词等
Perfect/little/suitability/unlikely
10. Well—记
Because—记
However—记
11. Like 永远是重点

1. Gist-content questions or main idea(内容主旨题或主要内容解题)
（内容主旨题要求考生理解讲座的主旨大意。考生需要归纳和总结。）
What’s the lecture mainly about?
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
What’s the main topic of the lecture?
2. Detail questions(细节题)
（要求考生听懂并记住讲座的某项细节）
According to the professor, why… (根据教授的话，为什么某某事情发生的原因是什么…)
The professor mentions…. Why does the professor mention them? (根据你听到的细节而回答这个问题)
3. Understanding the function of what is said/function of a word or part of the lecture(功能题：要求学生听懂某一个单词或某一句话在讲座中的或对话中的功能)
Listen again part of the lecture, then answer the question.（然后就听一下问题）
Why did the professor say this?/What does the professor imply when he says this?/why does the students say this?/what does the professor mean when she says this?(replay)
Understanding the speaker’s attitude questions(语气识别题)
(要求考生再听讲座的某一个具体内容或根据讲座的内容识别说话人的态度)
What can be inferred about the professor when he says X?
What’s the professor’s attitude toward X?
What’s the professor’s opinion of X?
（to emphasize/to illustrate/to point out/to demonstrate/ to prove/to stress/to give an example/to show/to contrast）
4. Understanding organizing questions(整篇文章的组织结构题)
(要求考生明白教授想要表达的主要内容，内容发生的时间顺序或事件发生的规律或原因结构等)
What does the professor say about X?
What are three things the professor says about X?
During the lecture, the professor discusses X for many aspects. Put the events in order from earliest to the latest.(worth 2 points)
Why does the professor refuse the man’s offer to help with a party? (click on three answers)
5. Making inference questions(推断题)
（要求考生根据已经听到的内容得出结论）
What does the professor imply about X?
What can be inferred about X?
What will the student probably do next?
What point does the professor make when he refers to X?

First step: Listen carefully of the narrator’s announcement and make it sure what the lecture is about or what subject the professor is going to talk about.
Second step: a clear note-taking about the lecture according to your memory or your understanding, and, at the same time, figure out the connection of the information or subjects.
Step three: try to understand the question while you listen and try to imagine the answer according to your memory.
Second four: Quick to scan the multiple choices and find the key words or subject
Third five: Ignore the unrelated choices and compare the most possible choices with one another
Last six: Choose the best choice according to your memory or your notes

第一步：听力开头句要仔细听，要知道是什么什么方面的讲座
第二部：听力开始就认真做笔记，做笔记的同时要把各个信息和重要的内容连起来
第三部：听问题的同时要搞懂它的意思并想象一下它的答案是什么
第四部：快速浏览各个选项并找出关键词或关键的内容
第五步：忽略次要的选项， 最有可能的选项相互比较， 内容上要搞懂各自的区别
第六步：根据你的记忆或笔记选择最佳答案