肌学2014.pptx

Chapter 3 Myology 肌学肌学 主讲人主讲人:冯冯 娜娜目的和要求目的和要求掌握骨骼肌的掌握骨骼肌的构造构造、分类、起止和作用。、分类、起止和作用。了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。了了解解咀咀嚼嚼肌肌的的组组成成。掌掌握握咬咬肌肌、颞颞肌肌的的位位置置、起止概况和作用。起止概况和作用。掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙斜角肌间隙。掌掌握握斜斜方方肌肌、背背阔阔肌肌、竖竖脊脊肌肌、胸胸大大肌肌、前前锯肌的位置和主要作用。锯肌的位置和主要作用。掌握掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。及膈的功能。掌掌握握腹腹前前外外侧侧肌肌群群的的位位置置、形形态态结结构构、起起止止概况和主要作用。掌握概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘腹直肌鞘的组成。的组成。掌握掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。Bones:leverSkeletal muscle:motive force systemJoints:axis/hinge There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body,which together account for about 40 percent of a persons weight.nstructureqMuscle belly肌腹肌腹qTendon肌腱肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜腱膜I.Morphology and structure of skeletal musclenMorphologyLong muscle Short muscleFlat muscleOrbicular muscleII.The origin,insertion,and architecture of the skeletal muscle nThe origin and insertion of the skeletal muscleorigininsertionnArchitecture of muscles 肌的配布肌的配布:原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌.Nomenclature of muscles肌的命肌的命名名:shap,size,location,and their points of attachment.The supplementary structures of musclei.Fascia 筋膜筋膜Superficial fasciaDeep fasciaii.Synovial bursa 滑膜囊滑膜囊iii.Tendinous sheath 腱鞘腱鞘Fibrous layer Synovial layer:mesotendon腱系膜腱系膜Section 2 The muscles of head1.The facial muscles面肌面肌 the epicranius buccinator2.The masticatory muscles咀嚼肌咀嚼肌 the masseter the temporalis the medial pterygoid the lateral pterygoid Section 3 The muscles of neck By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups:superficial and lateralanterior,deep.).the superficial and lateral group 1.the platysma颈阔肌颈阔肌2.Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌 Insertion mastoid process Origin manubrium and sternal end of clavicle ActionThe head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side;protracts head when acting together.).the anterior group 1.the suprahyoid musclesdigastricmylohyoidstylohyoidGeniohyoid 2.the infrahyoid musclessternohyoidomohyoidsternothyroidthyrohyoid).the deep group 1.lateral groupscalenus anterior scalenus mediusscalenus posteriorscalene fissure brachial plexus subclavian artery2.medial group The Muscles of TrunkThe Muscles of BackThe Muscles of ThoraxThe DiaphragmThe Muscles of AbdomenSection 4.The Muscles of Back trapezius斜方肌斜方肌 latissimus dorsi背阔肌背阔肌 levator scapulae肩胛提肌肩胛提肌 rhomboideus菱形肌菱形肌 erector spinae竖脊肌竖脊肌 splenius夹肌夹肌These muscles can be divided into two layers:the superficial and the deep layer.The Muscles of ThoraxnPectoralis major 胸大肌胸大肌 nPectoralis minor 胸小肌胸小肌nSerratus anterior 前锯肌前锯肌前锯肌前锯肌Serratus anteriorExternal intercostals 肋间外肌肋间外肌Internal intercostals 肋间内肌肋间内肌Diaphragm 膈膈 Action inspiration and expiration；assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure Insertioncentral tendon Origin sternal costal lumbar vertebral 内侧弓状韧带内侧弓状韧带外侧弓状韧带外侧弓状韧带Aortic aperture主动脉裂孔主动脉裂孔-12th thoracic vertebraEsophageal aperture食管裂孔食管裂孔-10th thoracic vertebra Vena cava foramen腔静脉裂孔腔静脉裂孔-8th thoracic vertebraT12T10T8.The Muscles of Abdomen Anterolateral groupExternal abdominal obliqueInternal abdominal obliqueTransversus abdominisRectus abdominisPosteriorgroupPsoas major 腰大肌腰大肌Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌腰方肌腹外斜肌腹外斜肌腹内斜肌腹内斜肌腹横肌腹横肌腹直肌腹直肌1.1.external abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌腹外斜肌aponeurotic structureinguinal ligament腹股沟韧带腹股沟韧带 lacunar ligament腔隙韧带腔隙韧带 pectineal ligament耻骨梳韧带耻骨梳韧带 superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环腹股沟浅环（一）（一）Anterolateral groupinguinal ligamentlacunar ligamentpectineal ligamentsuperficial inguinal ring2.2.Internal abdominal oblique 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰腹股沟镰(联合腱联合腱)(conjoint tendon)3.3.Transversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌4.4.Rectus abdominis 腹直肌腹直肌Anterior layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique 5.5.Sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘腹直肌鞘Posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis6.6.Linea alba 白线白线白线白线弓状线弓状线Psoas major 腰大肌腰大肌Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌腰方肌（二）（二）Posterior group（三）（三）Inguinal canal 腹股沟管腹股沟管nTwo openingsqSuperficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环腹股沟浅环qDeep inguinal ring 腹股沟深环腹股沟深环nStructures passing through the inguinal canal（四）（四）Inguinal(Hesselbach)Triangle 腹股沟三角腹股沟三角 小小 结结n概念：斜角肌间隙、腹股沟管、腹直肌鞘、腹概念：斜角肌间隙、腹股沟管、腹直肌鞘、腹股沟韧带、股沟韧带、Hesselbach Trianglen思考题：思考题：n1 1试述胸锁乳突肌的位置、起止点及功能。试述胸锁乳突肌的位置、起止点及功能。n2 2简简述述腹腹股股沟沟管管的的位位置置、结结构构及及其其通通过过的的解解剖剖结结构。构。n3 3腹股沟三角如何构成？简述其临床意义。腹股沟三角如何构成？简述其临床意义。n4 4试述膈的起止、位置、重要结构和主要功能。试述膈的起止、位置、重要结构和主要功能。Thank you!