雅思写作分类词块.doc

6分动词词块：

l solve the problem
l play a role in sth.
l be responsible for sth.
l pay attention to sth.
l make contributions to sth.
l make an effort to do sth.
l have an effect/influence/impact on sth.
l spend time/money (in) doing sth.
l benefit from sth./ be beneficial for sb.
l take steps to do sth.

7分动词词块：
l improve people’s living standard
l adapt to
l provide sth. for sb.
l rely on
l relieve stress/burden
l distinguish between A and B
l be involved in
l be addicted to sth.
l stem from
l raise the public’s awareness of
l boost economic development
l keep pace with
l enable sb. to do sth.
l invest in
l make the most of 充分利用
l reach the balance between A and B
l be filled with
l suffer from
l give priority to sth.
l enact laws

8分词块：
l be worth doing
l be superior to
l be vulnerable to
l be consistent with
l be complementary to
l be obsessed with
l be compatible with
l be indifferent to 对...冷漠

教育类论据及词块:
教育的五大目的：(论证思路-德、智、体、美、劳)
1.Moral: improve moral standard
2.Intellectual: theoretical knowledge, independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability, communication and social skills, adapt to new environment
3. Physical: develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle
4. Psychological: self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature
5. Work: practical skills, improve career prospects
常见词块：
theoretical
practical
nurture
physical
psychological
intelligence
intellectual
motivate
qualify
talent
curriculum
discipline
subject
adolescent
mature
earn a living
interactive
learn by rote
feedback
learner-oriented
raise family
all-rounded
adapt to
team spirit
impart knowledge
achieve life value
make contributions to social progress
obtain knowledge and skills
become qualified employees
practical and professional skills
make contributions to social progress
become competitive in the job market
A school is society in miniature.
promote students’ physical,intellectual and emotional development
heavy burden of study and lack of sleep and physical exercise
encourage students to think critically and independently
promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development
help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life

环境类论据及词块:
常见环境问题（issues）：
1. climate change, global warming
2. air pollution, increase of rubbish/garbage
3. energy crisis, water shortage, deforestation
4. natural disasters, acid rain, sand storms, drought, flood
所有问题的根本原因（causes）:
population growth, industrial development, long-term human activities
正确的解决方法（solutions）:
1. global cooperation, reach the agreement, set international standards for environmental protection
2. make laws, encourage low carbon economy
3. exploit renewable, green energy, invest in energy-saving technologies
4. promote environmental-friendly products, lead green consuming habits
5. raise public’s green awareness, encourage low carbon lifestyle

常见词块：
low carbon
green energy/ live in a green way
environment-friendly
eco-friendly
ecosystem
environment protection
preserve
sustainable development
deplete natural resources
leave a carbon footprint
greenhouse effect
global warming
discharge
toxic substance
contamination
environmental degradation
environmental deterioration
water/resource shortage
fight climate change
improve air quality
conserve energy
fuel-efficient vehicles
sort the daily garbage
consume less and recycle more
environmental-friendly products
avoid using throw-away products
discharge/release pollutants into the environment
renewable energies such as wind, hydro and solar powers
take public transit, carpool or ride a bicycle
eco-friendly alternatives/substitutes/replacements

科技类论据及词块:
主要考察：internet, computer, mobile phone, machinery等
现代科技的正面影响（positive impacts）:
1. improve work efficiency
2. convenience, with the click of a mouse, cost-effective
3. promote and facilitate communication
4. obtain information in various ways, enrich one’s knowledge
现代科技的负面影响（negative impacts）:
1. invade one’s privacy
2. less quality family time, increasing work pressure
3. security issue, cyber crimes
4. questionable contents, pornography, violence
5. physical problem, radiation, weaken eyesight, less outdoor exercise
6. psychological problem, indulge in virtual world, become solitary, be isolated from the real world, weaken the relationships with family members and friends

常见词块：
surf on the net/Internet
hi-tech features
website
convenience
productivity
geographical barrier
digital
electronic
virtual world
infringe the privacy
pirate
security
radiation
with the click of a mouse
in a virtual world
an information age
be lost in
stay in touch with
cause damage to one’s health
log on the Internet
cutting-edge technology
information explosion
innovation
invention
labor-saving machinery
biotechnology
space exploration
hacker
conventional method
face-to-face communication
online retailer
netizen
cost-effective
blog
cybercrime
offensive
pornography
violence-related contents
questionable contents
telecommunication 远程交流
have/gain access to any information or knowledge
with an increasing popularity of mobile phones
due to the proliferation of the Internet

政府类论据及词块:
考官考察思路：政府的每一分钱都来自纳税人；而且政府能立法，能控制和支配各种资源。所以政府类作文的观点都是：政府当然有责任。
原因（causes）:
1. 每个政府的基本责任：保卫国家安全，维护社会稳定，加强社会福利保障体系，完善公共设施建设
every government’s basic obligation: ensure national security, stablize the society, enhance social welfare system, perfect the public facilities

2. 政府有能力，有相关资源
be able to pool and dominate various resources

3. 政府要优先重视教育、科技和基本人类需求的投资，后投资文化娱乐设施
give top priority to investments on education, technology and basic human needs, then invest in entertainment facilities to increase emotional wellbeing and enrich one’s cultural life

常见词块：
poverty
budget
authority
implement
supervise
state-owned
private
military
policy
Obligation be obliged to
infrastructure
investment
Prioritize priority
tax revenue
welfare system
basic human needs
public service
public transportation
affordable house
health care service
impose censorship on
improve the quality of service
NGO (nongovernmental organisation) 非政府组织
non-profit organisation
financial aid
combat corruption
ensure social equality
bridge the gap between rich and poor
create job opportunities

社会类论据及词块:
社会类话题包括老人，儿童，妇女，家庭，工作，经济，犯罪，媒体等话题。

老人：
老龄化社会是很多国家当前面临的一个趋势：
1. rich experience in both work and life, good consultants
2. coaches, doctors; look after grandchildren
3. do some volunteer work
4. medical care and pension pose a financial burden for government

常见词块：
twilight life retirement
age v. 老化 pension
aging society volunteer
elderly expert at
demographics n. 人口统计状况

儿童：
还在的身心特点：
1. curiosity，imitate, quick to learn
2. lack of self-control, be unable to distinguish right from wrong
3. vulnerable to negative influences
4. critical time of physical and psychological development
5. provide parental guidance, commit their guardianship

常见词块：
impressionable 容易受影响的 curious
vulnerable naughty
addictive outdoor activity
imitate grow up
discipline in their later adulthood
couch potato

妇女：
重点考察女性与男性之间的性格、社会角色等差异：
1. gentle/tender/soft manner, less aggressive nature
2. more patient, understanding, better communication skills
3. not physically strong
4. role in raising children, take care of the family, housework

常见词块：
gender sex discrimination
sex harassment patient
aggressive gossip
housewife pregnant
child bearing 生育孩子 child rearing 养育孩子
parenting behavior maternity leave 产假

工作与家庭：
现代社会的以下三个特点导致了工作和家庭关系变化。
现代社会的三个特点：
1. keen competition makes employees to work overtime
2. spend more time learning new technologies and upgrading knowledge and skills
3. spend more time processing all types of information in this information age. As a result, the quality family time reduces

常见词块：
workaholic intense/fierce/keen competition
career path fast-paced
lifestyle fatigue n./v 疲劳
stress workplace
colleague job-hopping n.跳槽

经济发展和城市化：
常见考点为：区域经济快速发展的不均衡性。
经济发展城市化的好处（advantages）:
1. more job opportunities, higher income
2. better living conditions and infrastructures
经济发展城市化的坏处（disadvantages）:
1. widen the gap between the rich and the poor
2. at the cost of environment

常见词块：
rural areas suburb
urbanisation metropolis
population density traffic congestion
have access to infrastructure
widen the gap between urban and rural areas well-being

媒体：
作用（functions）:
1. provide all kinds of information, ranging from current affairs to entertainment news
2. disclose social problems; monitor and push the government to deal with them
问题（problems）:
1. over-report negative stories to hook viewers and maximise profits
2. mislead the public’s view and mood with distorted and false information

常见词块：
press coverage
fair cater for audience
hook unveil
supervise mislead
exaggerate public opinion

预防犯罪：
犯罪原因（causes）:
poor education, unfortunate family, poverty, character flaw
解决方法（solutions）:
1. education, job training, employment, enhance, welfare system
2. severe punishment

常见词块：
criminal offender
innocent punish
jail commit a crime
juvenile delinquency threat to public safety
preventive measure deterrent effect

文化类论据及词块:

衣：
1. basic human needs were met; inevitable trend
2. self-expression; reflect characters, taste, likes
3. following fashion blindly is a waste of time and money
4. keep up with the Joneses; fulfill one’s peacockery
相互攀比，满足虚荣

常见词块：
popularity fad n. 时尚
option gorgeous
dress parade celebrity
self-esteem confident
superficial peacockery n. 虚荣

食：
1. be consistent with fast-paced modern lifestyle
2. standardised; strict quality control
3. pose a threat to traditional food culture
4. less nutrient, high calories; junk food

常见词块：
diversity nutritious
meal recipe
unhealthy calorie
high-fat franchise n. 特许经营尚
obese adj. 肥胖的 home cooking 家中做饭
obesity n.肥胖

住：
传统建筑优势（traditional architectures）:
1. esthetic value (=aesthetic) 美学价值
2. cultural heritage
现代建筑优势 （modern architectures）:
1. raise the utilisation rate of land; population growth; consist with the urbanisation trend
2. modern technologies: lift, air conditioning; more comfortable

常见词块：
architecture aesthetics
user-friendly comfortable
skyscraper apartment
density urbanisation
concrete jungle 混凝土丛林 traditional Chinese garden

行：
1. broaden one’s horizon; expand one’s vision; enrich one’s experience and knowledge
2. boost local economy; hotels, restaurant, air industry
3. place a heavy burden on local environment
4. over-dependent on tourist industry, unbalanced economic development

常见词块：
tourism visitor
airline ecosystem
attract experience
disturb burden
natural scenery historic resort

艺术、娱乐：
1. arts vary in different societies; science can be applied to the whole world
2. arts satisfy people’s spiritual and emotional needs, and enrich cultural life; science enriches material wealth
3.art is subjective and science is objective

常见词块：
unique painting
representative sculpture
poem pursuit
music cross-talk
spiritual Beijing opera

语言：
1. a particular language was born from a particular culture
2. understand the speaker’s cultural background
3. learn rules of grammar and memorise vocabulary
4. learning culture is a waste of time

常见词块：
vocabulary grammar
dialect idiom
memorise derive from
effectively and efficiently repetitive learning
learn by rote 死记硬背 master a foreign language

多元文化：
1.inevitable and irreversible trend
2.improve people’s living standard
3.enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures
4.immigrants’ language barrier, culture shock
5.discrimination; religious conflict; public order issue

常见词块：
inevitable multicultural
interdependent global village
ethnic custom
religion discrimination
culture shock assimilate

意识形态与价值观：
1. happiness is a subjective feeling
2. people at different life stages with various likes from diverse social backgrounds surely do not have the same definition for happiness.
3. my definition of happiness is...

常见词块：
subjective objective
abstract mindset
ideology virtue
outdated values life goal
attitude reality