初中代词.pptx

代词的分类代词的分类 人称代词人称代词 Personal Pronouns 物主代词物主代词 Possessive Pronouns 反身代词反身代词 Self Pronouns 不定代词不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns 指示代词指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns 疑问代词疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns人称代词人称代词 Personal Pronouns 数数 单数单数 复数复数人称人称 一一 二二 三三 一一 二二 三三主格主格 I you he she it we you they宾格宾格 me you him her it us your them 1.1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格时用宾格 *They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他。他们都很喜欢他。*She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。这些书是她送给你和我的。2.2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 *Whos knocking at the door?Its me.谁敲门？谁敲门？-是我。是我。3.3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”You,she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐。你我她都喜欢音乐。4.4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等地、月亮等 *We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。我们希望她更强大。*The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等距离、时间、环境等 *What the weather like today?Its windy.今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？-有风。有风。*Its about five minutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5 5分钟。分钟。6.6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳平稳 *Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。*Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。7.it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人的人.whoisthepersonoverthere?Itistheheadteacher.1.-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Idontknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho_was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Icantfindmyhat.IdontknowwhereIput_.A.oneB.itC.that3.Icantfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy_.A.itB.oneC.thatone itTheboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move_away.A.itB.oneC./Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy_.A.oneB.itC./Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy_.A.itB.oneC./one同类同类不同件不同件it同类同类同件同件物主代词物主代词 Possessive Pronouns 形容词性形容词性 名词性名词性 my mine your yours his his her hers its its our ours your yours their theirs 1.1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语作定语 *My brother is a worker.我弟弟是个工人。我弟弟是个工人。*His parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。他的父母非常友善。2.2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语主语和宾语 *Whose dictionary is this?Its mine.这字典是谁的？这字典是谁的？-我的。我的。*Our room is big and theirs is small.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*You may use my pen.Ill use hers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：的关系：形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksarentours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4.4.“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”表示所表示所属属 *A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友我的一个朋友1.Sheisafriendof_.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisntmypen,itis_.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcantfind_dictionary.Canyoulend_to_?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him4._schoolismuchbiggerthan_.A.OurtheirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause_legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.its反身代词反身代词 Self Pronouns单数单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 1.1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语同位语 *He thinks more of others than of himself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。他想到别人比想到自己更多一些That poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。*He himself was a doctor.他本人就是一个大夫。他本人就是一个大夫。*I myself can work the problem out.我能亲自算出这道题我能亲自算出这道题反身代词常见固定搭配反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快过得愉快自学自学 请随便吃请随便吃 自言自语自言自语 独自独自 为自己为自己 不要客气不要客气 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顾自己照顾自己enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagoodtime teach/learnoneselfsth.=learnsth.byoneselflearnsth.byoneself helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneself=aloneforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfindressoneselflookafteroneself1.Themanisrich,hecanbuy_alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.-Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?-Imadeitby_.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help_tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your用恰当的词填空。用恰当的词填空。1.I am a student._ name is Lily.I often teach _ English.2.Tom is too young.Please look after _.3.He is fourteen._ name is Tom.This book is _.He can look after _.4.Well go fishing later.Would you like to come with _?5.Looking at the boys._ are playing games._ names are Mike and Bill.They enjoy _.My myself himHis his himself us They Their themselves不定代词不定代词 Indefinite Pronouns 不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词的代词 all,each,every,both,either,neither none,one,little,few,many,much other,another,some,any,no 由由some,any,no,every 等构成的合成等构成的合成代词代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.1.some/any some（一些（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中某）一般用于肯定句中 *There are some flowers in front of the house.any（一些（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否任何）多用于疑问句和否定句定句 *Do you have any picture-books?注意：注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中意见的疑问句中 *Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗？你想要些肉吗？*May I ask some questions?我可以问问题吗？我可以问问题吗？*Could I have some apples?我可以吃苹果吗？我可以吃苹果吗？*Will you give me some water?你能给我些水吗？你能给我些水吗？2.2.many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词修饰或指代复数名词 *There are many eggs in the basket.*Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 *He doesnt know much English.3.3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个一个 *I dont want this coat.Please show me another.other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的他的 *Do you have any other questions?4.4.the other/others/the others the other 1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个 *He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 *Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.others泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 *He often helps others.*Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物人或物 *There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.5.5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义,译为译为“没有几个没有几个”，“没有多少没有多少”a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译为译为“有几个有几个”，“有一点有一点”*There are few people living here.这里几乎没人住。这里几乎没人住。*There are a few students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。教室里有一些学生。*I know little English.我不懂英语。我不懂英语。*There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。瓶子里有些牛奶。few 和和 little 与与 quite 或或 only 连连用时，常加不定冠词用时，常加不定冠词 a *There are quite a few new books in the library.图书馆里颇有些新书。图书馆里颇有些新书。1.Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only_passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Dontworry.Thereis_timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!_peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few 6.6.every/each every单数名词单数名词,表示表示“每一个每一个”,强调强调共性、整体共性、整体,只作定语只作定语,形式上为单数形式上为单数.不与不与of 连连用用 *Every child likes playing games.each 表示表示“每一个每一个”,强调个性强调个性,作定语作定语主语、宾语和同位语主语、宾语和同位语,常与常与of 连用连用 *Each student was asked to try again.*Each of them has a nice skirt.each everyeach(常与常与of连用连用)every两两者或以上的每一个人或物者或以上的每一个人或物三三者或以上每一个人或物者或以上每一个人或物everyother每隔每隔Eg:everyotherday每隔一天每隔一天=everytwodaysIgavethem_anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachofThereisalineoftreeson_sideofthestreet.AeveryBeachCbothShegoesshoppingfivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof他隔天来这里。他隔天来这里。Hecamehere_day.everyother 7.7.all/none all“(全部全部)都都”,表示三者或三者以上，表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前行为动词之前 *We are all from Canada.They all like English.none“没有没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.none no onenonenoone没有什么人没有什么人/物物“没有人没有人”只能指人只能指人回答回答howmany问句问句回答回答who问句问句noneof+复数名词复数名词/them谓语用单数谓语用单数Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.LucyWhoisintheroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.oneNoneofthem_China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom 8.8.both/either/neither both“（两者）都（两者）都作主语时看作复数；作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数作定语时后跟名词复数 *My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither“(两者两者)都不都不”,含有否定意义，含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟作定语时后跟名词单数名词单数 *Neither answer is right.either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,作主语作主语时谓语用第三人称单数时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名作定语时后跟名词单数词单数 *There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 A.both of/either of/neither of *Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。*Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。either of 两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neither of 两者两者都不都不谓单both of 两者两者都都谓复_ofthegirls_him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knowsBothofhisparents_teachers.A.isB.areC.wasBothofhisbrothers_inthishospital,butneitherofthem_adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeither neither both B.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词谓语动词遵循就近原则遵循就近原则)*Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和和 Lucy 都在二年级。都在二年级。*Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。*Neither he nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。either neither bothEitherTomorthetwins_thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.findsNeitheryounorI_ascientist.A.isB.areC.amBothTomandMary_hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者就近原则neither nor 两者两者都不都不both and 两者两者都都复数谓语The students are all from Foshan.They _liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.eitherLucyandLily_agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare_fine.A.bothB.allC.no 9.9.Something/anything/nothing Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 *I have something important to tell you.*Is there anything else in the box?*Nobody can answer the question.1.Doyouhave_todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._iswatchingTV.Letsturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike_?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse指示代词指示代词 Demonstrative Pronouns 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包包括括:this/that(单数单数)these/those(复数复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物 *This is my shirt,thats yours.*These TVs are made in China,those are made in Japan.2.2.that,those常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西,以以免重复免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.四四.指示代词指示代词ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan_ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.itTheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas_madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.thoseWhatIwanttotellyouis_thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that疑问代词疑问代词 Interrogative Pronouns 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常常见有：见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语通常做主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 表语表语 *What makes you think like that?做做主语主语 *Who(Whom)were you talking with?做做宾语宾语 *Which bus do I need?做定语做定语 *Whats your father?做表语做表语 注意：注意：在口语中，在口语中，Who和和Whom通用，通用，但在介词后只能用但在介词后只能用Whom *With whom did he play games?With who did he play games?(错错)改错改错1 Dont worry.There is little time left.2 His book is quite different from me.3 She has two cats.One is white,another is black.Dont worry.There is a little time left.His book is quite different from mineShe has two cats.One is white,the other is black.4 I have interesting something to tell you.5 Please give me it.6 Every of us wants to have a look at your photo.I have something interesting to tell you.Please give it to meEach of us wants to have a look at your photo.7 He sits in front of Jim and I.8 I like to receive letters but I do not like write it.9 He doesnt know what one to buy.He sits in front of Jim and me.I like to receive letters but I do not like write them.He doesnt know which one to buy.()1 Is this your football,boys?No,it is not _ A.yours B.our C.mine D.ours()2 The bird builds _ nest in the tree.A.her B.its C.its D.hers()3 The maths problem _ is wrong.A.himself B.he C.itself D.herselfDBC()4 _ want to see the film.A Every student B Each student C All of students D All the students()5 A lot of people have tried,but _ have succeeded.A.the few B.a few C.few D.little()6 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.A.Both B.Neither C.Any D.EitherDCC()7 I have five pencils,one is red,_ is blue and _ are green.A.another,the other B.the other,others C.others,the others D.another,the others()8 I have found _ on the Internet.A.a few informations B.a little informations C.a few information D.a little informationDD()9 I have Chemistry classes _ day,Monday,Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.this and other D.all other()10-_ is the man under the tree?-Jims father.A.When B.What C.Where D.WhoBD