信息管理专业英语教程重点(人民邮电出版社).doc

专业英语重点
一、单词
1. 分发，分配 n. distribution
2. 检索，恢复，修补 n. retrieval
3. 交互作用 n. interaction
4. 管理，经营，行政部门 n. administration
5. 重复的，反复的，迭代的 adj. iterative
6. 信息学，情报学 n. informatics
7. 吸收 vt. assimilate
8. 使容易，推动，帮助，推进 vt. facilitate
9. 分类 n. assortment
10. 工作，承诺，保证 n. undertaking
11. 协助，援助，补助 n. assistance
12. 便利，方便，有益 n. convenience
13. 财产清单，商品目录，存货，库存量 n. inventory
14. 物流，后勤学，后勤 n. logistics
15. 类似的，相似的，可比拟的 adj. analogous
16. 展开，配置 v. deploy
17. 授权，认可 n. authorization
18. 普遍深入的，蔓延的 adj. pervasive
19. 利用 vt. utilize
20. 活动性，灵活性，迁移率 n. mobility
21. 逐渐损坏，削弱，破坏 vt. undermine
22. 改革，创新， n. innovation
23. 可交替地，可交换地 adv. interchangeably
24. 适应性 n. adaptability
25. 一致同意的 adj. consensual
26. 公务员，公仆 n. servant
27. （使）减少，（使）变小，消除 vt. Diminish

二、英译汉（每个单元各一个）
Unit1
1.An information society is a society in which the creation，distribution，diffusion，use，and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political，and cultural activity.
信息社会是一个以信息创建、发布、传播、使用和管理为重要经济、政治和文化活动的社会。知识经济是信息社会相应的经济部分，通过对经济开发的理解来创造财富。
2.information science（also information studies）is an interdisciplinary science primarily concerned with the collection，classification，manipulation，storage，retrieval and dissemination of information.
信息科学(也称信息研究)是一个跨学科的领域，主要涉及信息的收集、分类、管理、储存、检索和传播。
3.Information science should not be confused with information theory, the study of a particular mathematical concept of information, or with library science, a field related to libraries which use some of the principles of information science.
不应该把信息科学与信息论混淆。信息论研究信息的特定数学概念或图书馆学(与图书馆相关的领域，它使用信息科学的一些原理)。
4.Information theory is closely associated with a collecting of pure and applied disciplines that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a verity of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more: adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions.
信息论与一些纯学科和应用学科紧密相连。在过去的半个世纪或更长时间内，全世界的人们一直在研究并将其应用到各种工程实践中：适应系统、预测系统、人工智能、复杂系统、复杂性科学、控制论、信息论、机器学习以及许多其他的系统科学。信息论是广泛而深入的数学理论，具有同样广泛而深入的应用，其中最主要的领域是编码理论。

Unit2
1.What you’ve just read is information that you will keep in short term memory until you decide if it is worth keeping for a longer time.
你所读到的信息在你决定它的价值并长期保留之前，只是一个短暂的记忆。
2.Not everything is stored online, and, even if it is stored online, there is no guarantee that the information that you see today will still be there next week, and there is no guarantee that the material will be organized in a logical manner that will facilitate your finding it again.
不是所有的信息都可以在线存储，即使它可以被在线存储，没有人保证你今天看到的内容下周还在那里，也没有人保证为了你再次找到它，所有的材料都以逻辑的方式被组织。
3.The problem for most researchers is not that the information doesn’t exist in a library or in a journal or in a magazine or in a motion picture, but that they have yet to discover the organizing principles that are designed to help them find the information they need.
对于大部分研究者来说，问题不是图书馆、杂志、期刊或电影中没有他们要的信息，而是要找出信息的组织方法，以便帮助他们找到他们所需的信息。
4.People，experts in their fields，have taken the time and trouble to organize access to all the stored Information that they can get their hands on in order to make it searchable and accessible to other people.
人们，包括各领域的专家，为了使这些信息可被他人查找和访问，都在花费时间，努力组织存储他们所获得的信息。
Unit3
1. With recording technologies, transmission, and with early computers, it didn’t take very long for scientific advances merge together into the field of information technology.

记录、传输和早期计算机技术，这些科技上的新发展很快就融合为信息技术这一全新领域。信息技术是提高信息传输速度和效率的技术。
2. Before the 1990s, full time researchers having access to the high priced equipment drove most discoveries in information technology.
在20世纪90年代以前，绝大多数信息技术上的新发现是专业研究人员利用这种昂贵设备实现的。
3.For the first time in the world history we had PCs that used the similar operating systems that allowed the computers users to communicate by using the same platform.
有史以来第一次，我们有了使用类似的操作系统、可以使计算机用户在同一平台上交流的个人计算机。
4. However, it was only with the invention of the microprocessor in the 1970s that computers became accessible to the public.
但直到二十世纪七十年代微处理器的发明计算机才能为大众所用。二十世纪九十年代，互联网从大学和研究机构走向公司总部和家庭。

Unit6
1. An information economy is where the productivity and competitiveness of units or agents in the economy (be they firms, regions or nations) depend mainly on their capacity to generate, process, and apply efficiently knowledge-based information.
信息经济是单位或代理商在其经济活动中(无论是公司、地区还是国家)主要依靠自身的能力有效地产生、处理和应用基于知识的信息
2. While we have always relied on information exchange to do our jobs and run our lives, the information economy is different in that it can collect more relevant information at the appropriate time.
虽然我们总是依靠信息交流来工作和生活，但信息经济是不同的，因为它在适当的时候可以收集更多的相关信息。
3. Globalization will be affected by government regulations and policies, which will affect international boundaries and the structure of the global economy.
全球化将受到政府法规和政策的影响，它将影响到全球经济的范围和结构。
4. Castells looks into the history of productivity growth in advanced market economies and observes a downward trend of productivity growth starting roughly around the time that the information technology revolution was taking shape in the early 1970s.
凯斯泰研究先进市场经济体的劳动力增长历史并且发现，在二十世纪七十年代早期信息技术革命形成的初期生产力的增长呈下降趋势。
5.Those in the lead cannot stop innovating lest they fall behind the competition
那些领先者为了避免落后就不断创新。
Unit10
1. But the global proliferation of the Internet, which effectively integrates information and communications technology on the basis of open standards, combined with the movement to reform public administration known as New Public Management, has for good reason generated a new wave of interest in the topic.
能根据开放是标准有效整合信息和通信技术的因特网的全球扩张与公众管理革新（称为新公众管理）运动相结合有足够的理由再次引起人们对这一主题的兴趣。
2. New Public Management is a kind of management theory about how to reform government by replacing rigid hierarchical organizational structures with more dynamic networks of small organizational units;
新公众管理是一种管理理论，它是关于如何通过以下方式来改革政府的理论：小组织单位构成的动态的网络来代替严格分级组织结构。
3. Using World Wide Web portals to create one-shops is one currently popular e-government approach to improving the delivery of public services to citizens.
利用WWW门户建立的一站式服务是一种颇为流行的改善公共服务的电子政务方式。
4. The basic idea of these portals is to provide a single, convenient place to take care of all the steps of complex administrative process involving multiple government offices, bringing the services of these offices to the citizen instead of requiring the citizen to run from office to office.
这些门户的基本理念是提供一个简单、便利的地方以完成涉及多个政府部门复杂的行政过程，把这些部门的服务直接带给公民，而不需要公民从一个办公室跑到另外一个办公室。
5. Information services deliver government information via static web pages and pages generated from databases to citizens, tourists, businesses, associations, public administration, and other government users.
信息服务通过静态Web网页和来自数据库的网页把信息传递给公众、游客、商行、协会、行政部门和其他的政府用户。
6.Communications services need to evolve into collaboration services providing better support for argumentation, negotiation, deliberation and other goal-directed forms of structured discourse.
通信服务需要发展成协作服务，以更好地支持讨论、谈判、商议和其他目的导向的有组织的对话。

三、汉译英
Unit1
1.管理就是与他人一起并通过他人运用组织资源实现组织目标的过程。
Management is the process of working with and through people and other organizational resources to accomplish organizational goals.

2.优秀的管理者做事讲究效果和效率。
Good managers do those things both effectively and efficiently.

3.有效率就是以最少的资源消耗达成目标。
To be efficient is to achieve goals with minimum waste of resources.

4.最优秀的管理者既关注做事的效果，也关注做事的效率。
The best managers maintain a clear focus on both effectiveness and efficiency.

5. 全面细致的计划、坚固可靠的组织以及出色的领导并不能保证成功。
Comprehensive plans,solid organizations,and outstanding leaders do not guarantee success.

Unit5
1. 电子商务最基本的定义就是如此简单：使用因特网把客户、伙伴及供应商连接起来。
The most basic definition of e-business is simply this：using the Internet to connect with customers，partners，and suppliers.
2. 尽管有大肆宣传，但基于因特网的电子商务现在只占美国GDP的一小部分。
Despite all the hype,Internet-based e-commerce currently amounts to only a small fraction of the U.S.GDP.
3. 专家预言电子商务再未来几年将成倍增长。
The experts predict e-commerce volumes will grow exponentially over the next few years.
4. Forrester预言美国的企业对个人电子商务将从2000年的388亿美元增长到2004年的1845亿美元。
Forrester predicts that business-to-consumer e-commerce in the U.S. Will grow from $388.8 billion in 2000 to $184.5 billion in 2004.
5. 在一些公司中，早起的网站由市场或IT部门作为特别项目建设的。
In some companies,early web efforts were led by marketing or IT departments as special projects.
Unit10
1. 企业资源计划软件，或ERP，与其缩写名不副实。
Enterprise resource planning software,or ERP,doesn’t live up to its acronym.
2. 每一个部门一般都有自己的计算机系统，按照他们特定的工作方式进行了优化。
Each of those departments typically has its own computer system,each optimized for the particular ways that the department does it work.
3. 这被证实是一种非常成功的设计方法。
This has proved to be a highly successful design methodology.
4. 人们需要信息，但也承受着超负荷信息之痛。
While people want information,they also suffer from massive information overload.
5. 如你所见，数据库处理信息的范围比电子表格广泛。
As you can see,databases deal with a broader scope of information than spreadsheets.

总统在美国大选上承诺将优先发展信息高速公路。
President promised to give priority on the development of the information highway in the US presidential election.