高三一轮复习-定语从句.doc

第六讲　定语从句

　　　　　　关系代词引导的定语从句
1．which指物， 在从句中可以作主语或宾语， 作宾语时可以省略。
2．that指人或物均可， 在从句中可以作主语或宾语， 作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
3．限制性定语从句中， 关系代词只用that不用which的情况：
(1)先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing something, everything, none, the one等或被不定代词修饰时。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词， 或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the only the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我爱吃的。
(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
4．关系词只用which而不用that的情况： (一句话口诀： 逗号后、介词后不可用that)
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T­shirt, which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件T恤， 这种天气穿这样的衣服有点傻。
(2)当从句中的介词提前， 构成“介词＋关系代词” 结构时。
We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
5．who, whom的用法：
who或whom均可指代人， 但who在从句中作主语或宾语， whom在从句中作宾语； 两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that替换。 作主语时， who/that不可省略； 作宾语时， whom/who/that可以省略。
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
6．whose的用法：
whose表所属关系， 既可指人也可指物， 在从句中作定语。 指物时相当于of which; 指人时相当于of whom。
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生， 放假时商店关门。
7．as也可以引导非限制性定语从句， 定语从句说明整个句子， 可放在主句之前。 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper, such... as... , the same... as... 等。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

　　　　　　关系副词引导的定语从句
1．where表地点， 在定语从句中作地点状语， 相当于“介词in/at/on... ＋which” 。
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
银行是在天晴之时借伞给你， 到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。
2．当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, atmosphere等抽象名词， 且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时， 常用关系副词where引导。
(2015·浙江高考单项填空)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
创造出让员工感觉到自己就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。
3．why表原因， 在定语从句中作原因状语， 相当于“介词for＋which” 结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？

在非限制性定语从句中， 常用for which表原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我把我没有去开会的理由告诉了他们。
4．when表时间， 在定语从句中作时间状语， 相当于“介词in/at/on/during... ＋which” 结构。
(2014·湖南高考单项填空)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
我正期待着那一天的到来， 那时我女儿可以读这本书并且了解我对她的感情。

单句语法填空

1．(2015·四川高考单项填空)The books on the desk, ____________covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
答案：whose
2．(2016·泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of teenagers____________had given up part of their summer vacation to help others.
答案：who/that
3．(2016·湖南怀化一模)Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life____________they aren’t content with their parents.
答案：when
4．(2015·安徽高考单项填空)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school education depends.
答案：which
5．(2016·河北保定二模)First Jack was to draft the speech, ____________was just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer.
答案：which
6．A story I read two years ago, ____________ name I can’t remember clearly, changed my idea about education.
答案：whose
单句改错
1．The little girl, whom was not little anymore, left home and went into the world.whom→who
2．When you get stressed, one of the first things which happen is that blood pressure rises.which→that
3．Mrs. White is a teacher with rich teaching experience, from which much can be learned.which→whom
4．The old woman often told her grandson the past days that she worked hard to make a living.that→when
5．After graduation she reaches a point in her career which she needs to decide what to do and she can do what she enjoys.which→where
,　　　　　　　[学生用书P269])
单句语法填空
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
答案：that/which
2．(2014·北京高考单项填空)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, __________my classmates recommended to me.
答案：which
3．(2016·福建龙岩质检)At the requests of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of____________is about English idioms.
答案：which
4．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least$76 billion, ____________made his money by starting the company Microsoft.
答案：who
5．(2016·南昌二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club____________would be able to do this for them.
答案：that/which
6．(2016·河南三门峡考前适应性练习)Jane paused in front of a counter____________some attractive ties were on display.
答案：where
7．(2016·南阳一中二模)Freeflyers, ____________the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous(即兴的) thrill of doing their own things.
答案：as
8．(2016·南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)Then the judge made his decision Since Sam lost a bag of 75 gold coins, the bag found by the girl____________had only 50 coins doesn’t belong to Sam.
答案：that
9．(2016·江西八校一模)She cried because their relationship____________had lasted for years was unexpectedly defeated by another woman’s back.
答案：which/that
10．(2016·河南六市联考)Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist, ____________studies the sounds of elephants.
答案：who
11．(2015·重庆高考单项填空)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of____________were published in the 1990s.
答案：which
12．(2015·江苏高考单项填空)The number of smokers, ____________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案：as
13．(2016·聊城模拟)On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm____________we learnt to plant potatoes.
答案：where
14．(2016·天津和平测试)We’ll put off the meeting until next week, ____________we won’t be so busy.
答案：when
15．(2016·山东日照一模)Anyone____________upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
答案：who
单句改错
1．(2016·江西南昌十所重点中学二模)We can hear birds singing happily all around. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. that→which
2．(2016·浙江杭州质检)Most importantly, living with your friends will improve your team spirit, that will be beneficial to your future career.that→which
3．(2016·潍坊模拟)But I will stay on a health farm which I won’t be able to eat much and I’ll have to stick to my regular diet for a month.which→where
4．(2016·山东省实验中学模拟)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of who are family members. who→whom
5．On the third floor there are two rooms, one of them is used as a meeting room. them→which
6．(2016·太原模拟)There are two lakes, where cover nearly ten thousand space kilometers. where→which
7．(2016·山西忻州四校联考)The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood. which→whose
8．(2016·石家庄模拟)Everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard. that→when
语法填空
(2016·东北师范大学附中模拟)I was nine years old when I learnt to ride a bike. The bike was a birthday present from my uncle. You can imagine how 1.____________ (excite) I was when I saw the bike, and I begged my uncle to teach me how 2.____________ (ride) it right away. However, before I got on the bike, I felt 3.____________ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt 4.____________ (me). My uncle held onto the seat and helped me to get5.____________ the bike. While I was riding, he was running along beside me, holding the seat so I would not fall over. I was so 6.____________(grate) to him for his help.
As I was practicing, I became more and more confident. Then, I heard my uncle shouting, “You are riding it by yourself now！” I was both excited and scared. I was really riding by myself, but 7.____________ if I fell off? Could I use the brakes to stop? As I was wondering about this, my uncle ran after me and got hold of the bike. I 8.____________ (slow) down and came to a stop. My heart was still beating fast when I got off the bike. 9.____________ (late) that day, having learnt how to get on the bike and get off it, I felt like I was walking on air! I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my 10.____________ (nine) birthday.
1．excited　解析： 考查形容词。 “你能想像到我看到自行车时有多么兴奋” , 指人“兴奋， 激动” , 故填excited。
2．to ride　解析： 此处考查“疑问词＋to do” 结构。 我求叔叔立刻教我如何骑自行车。
3．extremely　解析： 考查副词。 此处用副词修饰形容词nervous。
4．myself　解析： 考查代词。 我很紧张， 害怕摔下来伤了自己。
5．on　解析： 考查介词。 叔叔抓着后座， 帮我骑上自行车。
6．grateful　解析： 考查词性转换。 be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人。
7．what　解析： 考查固定结构。 what if... 要是……怎么办， 此处表示要是我摔下来怎么办。
8．slowed　解析： 考查时态。由空后的“and came to a stop可知， 此处为and连接的并列谓语，故用一般过去时slowed”。
9．Later　解析： 考查副词。 那天之后， 学会了如何骑自行车， 我感觉像在空中行走一样。
10．ninth　解析： 考查数词。 我感谢叔叔在我第九个生日时教我学会骑自行车。
短文改错
(2016·山东德州二模)
Dear Sir/Madam，
Very glad to know that our school broadcasting station needs a new member this term.I’m writing to apply to the position.
I am Li Hua，the boy from Senior One.I have ever been a broadcaster before and in Junior Three I have gained the first prize in the contest of Putonghua of our grade.My friends around always tell me my voice sounds beautifully.Of course，I know become a broadcaster calls for extra devotion and more times after school is necessary for a better performance.Perhaps，my school life will be busier with such a task every day，so I’d like to develop me and obtain more knowledge after class to make my new school life more colorful.
I’m eager for your reply and I’ll be more than happy until you can consider my application.Please make contact me by telephone at 510­3123 or email me at lihua 101@ .
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Sir/Madam，
Very glad to know that our school broadcasting station needs a new member this term.I’m writing to apply the position.
I am Li Hua， boy from Senior One.I have ever been a broadcaster before and in Junior Three I gained the first prize in the contest of Putonghua of our grade.My friends around always tell me my voice sounds .Of course，I know ∧,to)或 a broadcaster calls for extra devotion and more after school is necessary for a better performance.Perhaps，my school life will be busier with such a task every day， I’d like to develop and obtain more knowledge after class to make my new school life more colorful.
I’m eager for your reply and I’ll be more than happy you can consider my application.Please make contact ∧,with) me by telephone at 510­3123 or email me at lihua 101 @ .
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua