-四六级-新题型-汉译英专项练习.doc

大学英语四六级考试翻译部分：

变化特点：
原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会
发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。

考生疑问：
这是这次改革最难的一种题目。可以确定，如果不降低评分标准，这个项目将成为全国考生丢分的黑洞。

样卷分析：
看下样卷：四六级要求翻译的主题都是中国传统习俗：
四级——剪纸：人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
六级——春节：各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。
从题目看，翻译难度确实和考研翻译及专八翻译不是一个量级。但是对基本从来不练习翻译的考生来说，词汇和短语其实只是第一道障碍，例如：“喜庆的气氛”、“进行大扫除”，更多的障碍在于：遣词造句。以“增加喜庆的气氛”为例，“增加”一词，考生基本反应都是increase, 而标准答案是：To enhance the joyous atmosphere.
其实这些话题在中高级口译教材中常见。但对我们广大平常只背背单词和词组来攻克单句翻译的同学们来说，段落翻译除了对词汇的要求更高外，汉语和英语的逻辑转换、如何选用最合适的词来将抽象的中文意义表达清楚，这是对考生的最大挑战。

备考策略：
1.有意识的积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济和社会发展相关的词汇。
2.阅读下中高级口译的教材，对书上涉及到的尤其是中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展等话题段落做积累——熟悉中英文切换的基本规则。
3.关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸。例如中国日报China daily及其网站。积累一些常用词。这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实力，但是一些涉及到日常社会生活的词语，却是大家可以学习的。大家每天看看网站中头条新闻，配合中文新闻的背景，就可以学到很多表达。推荐一个中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目：language tips，有大量简单实用的双语文章。
4.考生需要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍，注意中英文的一些切换规则。
汉译英练习（1）
【中文原文】 徐霞客
徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
【翻译讲解】
1. 徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。
周游：到各处游历 走遍travel across (around)；tour；visit
考察：explore; make an on-the-spot investigation; inspect
足迹：footprint;footmark; trace
遍及：spread all over
【译文】During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country.
2. 他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。
他在考察的过程中:in his exploration; in his tours；on his tours
盲目：blindly; in a blind way; without thinking
迷信：superstition; blindly worship/ believe in。
这里“迷信”指接受，accept readily/without thinking
【译文】He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration.
3. 他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。
前人：predecessor; forefathers; others
前人栽树，后人乘凉：One man sows and another reaps.
记载：record; put down in writing; document; notes
可靠：真实可信 true或准确accurate信得过reliable; trustworthy
【译文】He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors.
 He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate.
4. 为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；
为了：in order to, for the sake of, for the purpose of, with the aim of, with a view to
细致的：careful, delicate, detailed
乘车坐船：“乘坐”应使用一个词 by carriage and boat; take the wagon and the boat
翻山越岭：翻越可使用一个词 climb/cross mountains and ridges
长途跋涉：long difficult journeys
【译文】 He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time with the aim of conducting a real and careful exploration.
5. 为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；
弄清：find out; make clear
真相：real situation（区别于表面或造假的情况）；the actual state of affairs; fact; truth
真相大白come out in the wash; The truth is out; The facts are clear now.
弄清真相：get a clear picture of
艰险：hardships and dangers；dangerous; treacherous; difficult 　　
人迹罕至：untraversed；unfrequented；seldom visited
奇山秀景：grotesque mountains and spectacular sceneries;
奇：grotesque, peculiar, strange, unique
秀：fantastic, miraculous, magnificent, spectacular 

【译文】 To get a true picture of nature, he picked/chose mountains with treacherous paths and unfrequented jungles for explorations, discovering many grotesque mountains and beautiful sceneries.
6. 他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
【译文】He would revisit famous mountains at different time and in different seasons to observe the changing magnificent views time and again.

汉译英练习第2期
【中文原文】
老帽山　　
The Old Hat Mountain－The Laomao Mountain
老帽山位于普兰店市北部、全国战斗英雄于庆阳的家乡--同益乡，其主峰海拔848米。该山因峰秀、石峭、林密、松奇、花异而远近闻名，素有辽南“小黄山”之美誉。
老帽山雄伟壮观、景色宜人。山中怪石千姿百态，惟妙惟肖；清泉四季长流，瀑布溅石有声；动植物资源极其丰富；各种花卉竞相开放，各种野果随处可见，野生动物时隐时现；一些珍贵中草药材应有尽有，人称辽南“百草园”。
老帽山四季有景，生机无限。“觅英雄足迹，赏帽山风光”，热情好客的同益人民真诚欢迎海内外朋友来老帽山旅游观光。
1. 老帽山位于普兰店市北部、全国战斗英雄于庆阳的家乡--同益乡，其主峰海拔848米。
战斗英雄: combat hero
主峰:main peak; highest peak; dominant peak
海拔:in elevation; above sea level，be elevated ??? meters
【译文1】The Old Hat Mountain is situated in the Town of Tongyi in the north of Pulandian, the home town of Yu Qingyang, a national combat hero, with its main peak as high as 848 meters/with its dominant peak at an elevation of 848 meters/with its highest peak elevated 848 meters.
【译文2】In the Town of Tongyi in northern Pulandian, the home town of Yu Qingyang, a national combat hero, stands the Old Hat Mountain, whose main peak is 848 meters above sea level.
2. 该山因峰秀、石峭林密、松奇、花异而远近闻名，素有辽南“小黄山”之美誉。
峰秀、石峭、林密、松奇、花异：汉语主谓结构可以处理成英语形容词＋名词结构。
峰秀→秀峰：magnificent, beautiful peaks
石峭→峭石：steep, precipitous cliffs
林密→密林：dense, thick woods
松奇→奇松：奇：奇形怪状grotesque pines
花异→异花：奇异：exotic, rare,
峰秀、石峭、林密、松奇、花异
远近闻名：famous far and wide
素有 ……之美誉 ：素：ever, all the time, always
美誉：good fame，(good ) reputation
素有 ……之美誉 ：ever enjoys the reputation of
【译文】Known far and wide for its magnificent peaks, precipitous cliffs, thick woods, grotesque pines and exotic flowers, it ever enjoys the reputation of the Small Huangshan Mountain in southern Liaoning.
3. 老帽山雄伟壮观、景色宜人。
雄伟：majestic（majesty），magnificent， grand，imposing
壮观：spectacular（spectacularity），magnificent
景色宜人：宜人：pleasant，delightful， charming， fascinating， enchanting（使心醉）
【译文】The Old Hat Mountain is both majestic and spectacular, offering enchanting views.
除了并列之外，我们可以对汉语的多个描述词语进行分解，分散在英文句子中的不同位置，如定语和表语；或者寻找一个中心点，其他围绕这个中心，此句的中心是“景色宜人”。
4. 山中怪石千姿百态，惟妙惟肖；
千姿百态：“千、百”，汉语的数字有时夸张，形容多的意思，各种各样。
姿态：姿势形态：postures, shape
惟妙惟肖：remarkably true to life; be absolutely lifelike
【译文】Its unique rocks of all shapes and postures can find their resemblance in life.
5. 清泉四季长流，瀑布溅石有声；
清：清澈 limpid，crystal clear
四季: the four seasons；all year round
瀑布：waterfall, cataract, cascade（小）
【译文】Crystal clear spring keeps running all year round, with cascades splashing down onto rocks (, creating roars).
6. 动植物资源极其丰富；
【译文】It abounds in animal and plant resources.
7. 各种花卉竞相开放，各种野果随处可见，
竞相：互相争胜 contend for/compete for…with each other
【译文】Blooming flowers of all sorts contend for beauty and wild fruits are grown everywhere.
8. 野生动物时隐时现；
时隐时现:时…时…：now…and then…；now appear and then disappear
【译文】Occasionally one can see wild animals here.
9. 一些珍贵中草药材应有尽有，
中草药：Chinese herbal medicine
药材：medicinal materials；crude drugs
应有尽有：have everything one expects to find; in great plenty and variety
【译文】One can also find some kinds of valuable /precious /rare Chinese herbal medicines in plenty.
10. 人称辽南“百草园”。
【译文】Hence it is also known as the Hundred Grasses Garden of southern Liaoning.
11. 老帽山四季有景，生机无限。
【译文】The Old Hat Mountain presents sceneries in all seasons/all year round, with endless vitality/with infinite livelihood.
12. “觅英雄足迹，赏帽山风光”，
汉语的无主句译成英语时可增补适当的主语
【译文】 “Let’s follow the footsteps of the hero and enjoy/admire the beautiful scenery of the Old Hat Mountain”.
13. 好客的同益人民真诚欢迎海内外朋友来老帽山旅游观光。
【译文The hospitable people of Tongyi sincerely welcome friends from home and abroad to the Old Hat Mountain.

汉译英练习第3期
【中文原文】
雷曼第2季度收益大增47%
雷曼兄弟（Lehman Brothers）昨日公布，公司第二季度收益大增47%，但其股价却大幅下挫，原因是投资者担心波动较大的市场和不断上升的利率，会中止华尔街投行近来利润大增的趋势。
这家华尔街投行表示，公司第二季度收益为10亿美元，合每股收益1.69美元，而上年同期的收益为6.83亿美元，合每股1.13美元。该公司固定收益产品交易业务业绩强劲，抵消了债券承销收入大幅下降的负面影响。
【参考答案】
Lehman shares dip in spite of earnings surge
Lehman Brothers yesterday reported a 47 per cent jump in second-quarter earnings but its shares fell sharply amid investor fears that volatile markets and rising interest rates could cut into Wall Street's recent run of blockbuster profits. 
The Wall Street bank said it earned $1bn, or $1.69 a share, in the second quarter, up from $683m, or $1.13 a share, a year earlier. Strong fixed-income trading results offset a sharp drop in debt-underwriting revenue.

汉译英练习第4期
突然之间，人人都在谈论不断消失的百万富翁们。
周二，《华尔街日报》有篇文章谈到了美国马里兰州百万富翁越来越少。现在有消息说，英国的百万富翁人数减少了约一半。
这并不是因为富翁们移民或是避税去了，而是个人财务状况出了问题。
正如过去一年中我所写的，富人们在此次危机中遭受了重创，原因主要是他们的投资和房地产的价值锐减。正因为如此，百万富翁（特别是富翁中的“贫困户”）的人数骤减。
Britain Loses Half Of Its Millionaires
Suddenly everyone is talking about disappearing millionaires.
Tuesday there was The Wall Street Journal talking about the vanishing Maryland millionaires. Now comes word that Britain has lost about half its millionaires.
The reason isn't emigration or tax revolts. It is personal finances.
As I have been writing for the past year, the rich have been hammered by this crisis largely because of the plunge in the value of their investments and real estate. As a result, the millionaire population (especially the lower end) is taking a dive.

汉译英练习第5期
【中文】
传道者感叹到：“著书立说没有止境”，却没发觉他已高度评价了作家这一职业。的确，写作、旅行、积聚财富都是没有终结的。一个问题引发另外一个问题。我们不断学习，且永远达不到心中所渴望的那般学识渊博。我们永远雕刻不出自己心仪的塑像。当发现一个新大陆,或翻过一座山脉时，我们总会看到远方还有未曾涉足的海洋与陆地。宇宙浩渺，总会有供我们勤奋努力的东西，总会有供我们探索的空间。它不像卡莱尔的著作，可以读完。即使在其一角，在一个私人花园，或一个农庄附近，四季轮回，天气瞬息万变，哪怕在那里生活了一辈子，也总会有让我们惊喜的事情。
【英文】
"Of making books there is no end," complained the Preacher; and did not perceive how highly he was praising letters as an occupation. There is no end, indeed, to making books or experiments, or to travel, or to gathering wealth. Problem gives rise to problem. We may study for ever, and we are never as learned as we would. We have never made a statue worthy of our dreams. And when we have discovered a continent, or crossed a chain of mountains, it is only to find another ocean or another plain upon the further side. In the infinite universe there is room for our swiftest diligence and to spare. It is not like the works of Carlyle, which can be read to an end. Even in a corner of it, in a private park, or in the neighbourhood of a single hamlet, the weather and the seasons keep so deftly changing that although we walk there for a lifetime there will be always something new to startle and delight us.

汉译英练习第6期: 追忆往事
老太太总以自家花园里那棵高大的玫瑰树为荣。她非常喜欢告诉别人，数年前她初次结婚时从罗马带回来的枝条，是如何长成如今这般高大的。那时，她与丈夫乘马车从罗马旅行归来(那时还没有火车)，途经锡耶那南部的崎岖路段时，马车坏了，他们被迫就宿于路边的小屋里。住宿条件当然非常差；她一夜未能安眠，一早便起身穿好衣服，立于窗前，感受着扑面而来的席席凉风，等待着黎明的到来。事隔多年，她仍然记得那情景。明月高悬在青山群峦之上，远处山峰上的小镇逐渐明亮起来，月亮慢慢消退，晨曦把群山涂得粉红。突然之间，一束阳光照亮了城镇。城里的窗户相继明亮起来，反射出耀眼的光芒。最后，整个小城宛若繁星，在天空中不停闪烁。
The old lady had always been proud of the great rose-tree in her garden, and was fond of telling how it had grown from a cutting she had brought years before from Italy, when she was first married. She and her husband had been travelling back in their carriage from Rome ( it was before the time of railways ) and on a bad piece of road south of Siena they had broken down, and had been forced to pass the night in a little house by the road-side. The accommodation was wretched of course; she had spent a sleepless night, and rising early had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. She could still, after all these years, remember the blue mountains with the bright moon above them, and how a far-off town on one of the peaks had gradually grown whiter and whiter, till the moon faded, the mountains were touched with the pink of the rising sun, and suddenly the town was lit as by an illumination, one window after another catching and reflecting the sun' beam, till at last the whole little city twinkled and sparkled up in the sky like a nest of stars.汉译英练习第7期: 婚姻的旅程
【中文】
当你步入婚姻的殿堂，你可能认为已经爬到了山顶，剩下的只是悠闲地沿着平缓的山坡下山。然而，这只是恋爱的结束，婚姻的开始。拥有一颗骄傲而又叛逆的心，坠入爱河与赢得爱情都是难事；但维持爱情也很重要，夫妻都应相敬如宾,互相关爱。当真爱起始于圣坛之时，夫妻之间便开始了一场智慧与慷慨的竞争，一场为了一个不可能实现的理想而持续一生的奋斗。不可能实现？啊，当然不可能，因为他们不是一个人，而是两个呀。
【英文】
Again, when you have married your wife, you would think you were got upon a hilltop, and might begin to go downward by an easy slope. But you have only ended courting to begin marriage. Falling in love and winning love are often difficult tasks to overbearing and rebellious spirits; but to keep in love is also a business of some importance, to which both man and wife must bring kindness and goodwill. The true love story commences at the altar, when there lies before the married pair a most beautiful contest of wisdom and generosity, and a life-long struggle towards an unattainable ideal. Unattainable? Ay, surely unattainable, from the very fact that they are two instead of one.
汉译英练习第8期: 进取的幸福
【中文】
正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于锁事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。
【英文】
We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.
汉译英练习第9期:全球拉响猪流感警报
周日，陈冯富珍与世界卫生组织的工作人员和全球各地的流感专家举行了电话会议。不过，会议除了敦促各国政府加强对疑似病例的监控外，并没有拿出遏制疫情蔓延的具体措施。
On Sunday, Ms. Chan held teleconferences with staff and flu experts around the world but stopped short of recommending specific measures to halt the disease beyond urging governments to step up their surveillance of suspicious outbreaks.

汉译英练习第10期:中国的文学
【中文】
与舞蹈和音乐相伴的歌谣跟口头流传的神话，远在文字出现之前就已大量产生。中国的文学正是发端于此。不过歌谣本是人们在生活中随兴而发的东西，上古时代也没有保存和记载它们的手段，因之也就很快湮灭，不留痕迹。我们只能从一些古籍书中推断它们的存在。古书中记载了一些据称年代非常久远的歌谣，但是大多出于后人的伪托，能够断定朝代的歌谣要到《诗经》里才能看见。从这点来看，古代神话对中国文学的影响更为显著。
【译文】
Long before the emergence of the written word, ballads, accompanied by music and dance,and myths, passed around by word of mouth, were widely popular. Chinese literature finds its origins in these traditions. However, ballads were what people improvised out of daily life, and due to lack of means to record and preserve them in ancient times, they quickly disappeared without leaving much of a trace. Today, we can only deduce their existence from ancient books, which recorded some time-honored ballads, though most of these are believed to be derivatives of later generations. Ballads in the Book of Songs are the earliest writings that can be dated. From this point of view, ancient mythology obviously has had a great influence on Chinese literature.

汉译英练习第11期:当生活中的不确定感向你袭来
【中文原文】
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。
孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。
【英文译文】
Coping With the Certainty of Uncertainty
A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult.
'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and suc