液晶电视专业术语.docx

目 前 最 全 的 液 晶 专 业 术 语
LCM(Liquid Crystal Module): 液晶模块。
LCD(Liquid Crystal Display):液晶显示器。
OLED( Organic Light Emitting Diode)有机发光二极管
(OEL)FPD Organic Electro luminescence有机电致发光
COB(Chip On Board):IC裸片通过邦定固定于印刷线路板上。
COF(Chip On Film):将IC封装于柔性线路板上。
COG(Chip On Glass):将IC封装于玻璃上。
TAB(Tape Automated Bonding):柔性带自动连接
TCP(Tape Carrier Package):柔性线路板。
PCB(Print Circuit Board):印刷线路板。
PDP(Plasma Display Panel):等离子体显示
Duty:占空比，高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率。
ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide):氧化铟锡。
TN(Twisted Nematic):扭曲向列的显示类型。
HTN(High Twisted Nematic):高扭曲向列的显示类型。
STN(Supper Twisted Nematic):超扭曲向列的显示类型。
FSTN(Formulated STN):薄膜补偿型STN,用于黑白显示。
TFT(Thin Film Transistor):薄膜晶体管显示类型。
LED(Light Emitting Diode):发光二极管。
CCFL(CCFL) (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light/Tube):冷阴极荧光灯。
EL(Electro luminescence):电致发光。EL层由高分子量薄片构成
Backlight:背光。
CCFL:Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps冷阴极荧光灯
IC(Integrate Circuit):集成电路。
Inverter:逆变器。
Composite vide复合视频。
Component vide分量视频。
CRT(Cathode Radial Tube):阴极射线管。
DPI(Dot Per Inch):点每英寸。
DVI(Digital Visual Interface):（VGA）数字接口。
ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence):电控双折射。
LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signaling):低压差分信号。
NTSC(National Television Systems Committee):NTSC制式,全国电视系统委员会制式
OSD(On Screen Display):在屏上显示。
PAL(Phase Alternating Line) AL制式(逐行倒相制式)。
SECAM(SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire):SECAM制式(顺序与存储彩色电视系统)
S-videS端子,与复合视频信号比，将对比和颜色分离传输。
TMDS(Transition Minimized Differential Signaling)
 VFD(Vacuum Fluorescence Display):真空荧光显示。
VGA(Video Graphic Array):视频图形数组。
VOD(Video On Demand):视频点播。
有效显示区域( Active Area)
LCD Panel 的有效显示区域，即可显示文字图形的总面积，参考下图，白色区域即此片Panel 的有效显示区域。
开口率(Aperture Ratio) 开口率即是每个画素可透光的有效区域除以画素的总面积，开口率越高，整体画面越亮。
画面比率(Aspect Ratio)
Aspect Ratio为画面宽与高之比率。计算机画面及一般影像画面比率为 4:3 HDTV则可提供16:9的宽平面屏幕画面。
B/M (Black Matrix) :
于 Color Filter 上，用来遮住R、G、B 各Pixel 间之空隙，可大幅减少LCD光点间彼此干扰所产生的光害，呈现更稳定且清晰的影像质量，提升了阅读上的舒适度，同时也减轻了长期使用所造成的眼部压力及疲累感。
CCFL(冷阴极射线管)
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp
将高压施加于灯管之两电极, 电子即由电极端射出, 电子因受高电压加速而与管内之水银原子撞击, 水银原子在被撞击后由不稳定状态急速返回稳定状态时, 会将过剩能量以紫外线 (253.7 nm) 释放出来, 此释放出来之紫外线由荧光粉吸收转换成可视光.
C/F(彩色滤光片)
(Color Filter):
彩色滤光片上有排列整齐之 RGB(三原色)画素，射入的光可经由滤光片转变混合成各种颜色。
LTPS 〈低温多晶硅〉
 Low Temperature Poly Silicon
低温多晶硅，就是在摄氏600oC或更低的温度下经过雷射回火 (Laser anneal)的制程步骤所生产的多晶硅，具有高开口率、可内建驱动IC等外围电路于玻璃基板上、 TFT 反应速度更快且面积缩小、接点数及零件数减少、系统设计简单化，面板可*度提升，以及降低材料成本等优点。
Luminance〈明亮度〉
明亮度指一物件之可见亮度。其取决于可反射光之多寡并由一平方公尺(cd/m2)内之多少烛光来衡量其亮度。因表面物之反射属性之多样化，类似的照明度因对象表面反射属性之不同而造成不同的明视度。例如，同样的光源照射于一黑一白的房间，黑色房间之明视度相较于白色房间的明视度是非常低而且昏暗。
Moire
一种因LCD面板与背光模块刻痕方向不能匹配所造成的光干涉现象。
Mura
水波纹：指在显示影像时，所产生的画面局部或全面的不均匀现象。
Response Time〈反应时间〉
的是屏幕画素接收到信号后，由白转黑(Tr)及由黑转白(Tf)所需转变时间。所需转变时间是越短越好。较短的反应时间使画面转换更为顺畅。一般而言，其都低于60ms. Response time =Tr+Tf
Resolution of Display
VGA = Video Graphics Array 640xRGBx480 Dot  
SVGA = Super Video Graphics Array 800xRGx600 Dot  
XGA = Extended Graphics Array  1,024xRGBx768 Dot  
SXGA = Super Extended Graphics Array  1,280xRGBx1,024 Dot  
SXGA+ = Super Extended Graphics Array + 1,400xRGBx1,050 Dot  

UXGA = Ultra Extended Graphics Array 1,600xRGBx1,200Dot  
Spacer〈间隔粒子〉
于两片玻璃基板间, 所均匀洒上的球形树脂粒子, 用来撑出一个间隙, 以灌入液晶, 其作用类似我们盖房子时的柱子。
Uniformity〈均匀度〉
画面的均匀度；将一Panel分为数等份，分别测量其中心点的亮度，所测得的最小值除以最大值即是此Panel均匀度，均匀度越高表示Panel画面越稳定。
View Angle〈视角〉
面对屏幕，往其上、下、左、右四方观测，调整此屏幕直到其无法由此四方看到屏幕画面之角度。以监看者之视觉舒适，可调整视角之广狭。
Back light〈背光源〉
液晶Panel的背面所设置光源。荧光灯管（热阴极管或冷阴极管）、导光板、扩散板所构成。
Contrast Ratio〈对比度〉
此为黑色与白色之间的对比。比值越高，色彩越鲜明。
FPC
Flexible Printed Circuit；可弯曲印刷电路。
Inverter 〈换流器〉
DC/AC换流器主要应用于TFT 面板背光源之power supply。它使用高电压来驱动冷阴极射线管。此独特的电力仪器具有高瓦特数、高效能及坚实小巧的设计。
LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling)数字显示接口，具有高效能、高速与低功率消耗等特色
Laser Anneal〈雷射回火〉
低温多晶硅与非晶硅最大差异在于，LTPS 的薄膜晶体管TFT，经过雷射回火 (Laser anneal)的制程步骤；利用雷射作为热源，雷射光经过投射系统后，会产生能量均匀分布的光束，投射于非晶硅结构的玻璃基板上，当非晶硅结构玻璃基板吸收雷射的能量后，会转变成为多晶硅结构
QCIF
Quarter Common Intermediate Format:
QCIF 为视讯会议格式，其每秒可传输30页的数据，每一页有144行、每一行有 176画素(pixel)。 其分辨率为CIF之1/4。QCIF为 ITU H.261 视讯会议之标准。CIF 及QCIF互为兼容并适用于NTSC, PAL 及SECAM三种TV标准。
White Chromaticity
White Chromaticity 为衡量RGB三原色的均衡值的测量方法。较高之色温产生偏蓝的白色； 较低的色温产生偏红的白色。
A
a-Si
amorphous silicon  
以材料结构而言，amorphous的意思是指未结晶的状态。Amorphous silicon膜具有作为半导体材料之特性，可用plasma CVD装置在400℃以下的温度下形成。因此成为使用玻璃基板之主动矩阵（active matrix）方式液晶面板的TFT主力组件材料。
英：Amorphous means lacking distinct crystalline in material structure’s term. Amorphous silicon film has the quality that can be used as material of semiconductor. It can be formed by using plasma CVD equipment under temperature of 400 degree C. Therefore, it is the major material for manufacturing TFT of LCD panel, which uses glass substrate with active matrix.
a-Si TFT
amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor
以amorphous silicon为构成材料之电场效果型的薄膜晶体管。带有source、drain、gate三种电极之3端子组件。最常使用为主动矩阵（active matrix）液晶显示器的开关。
英：The Field Effect type TFT with amorphous silicon material contains three terminal components of three types of electrodes: source, drain, and gate. They are often used as the switch of active matrix type LCD.
ACF
Anisotropic Conductive Film  
异方性导电膜，指含有导电性粒子之热硬化或热可塑性的树脂薄膜。主要用于液晶显示面板与驱动IC之讯号传输连结，需针对不同之接合接口选择适合导电粒子及密度，一般而言用于fine pitch之导电粒子其直径约为3~5 um。
英:Anisotropic conductive film means the thermosetting or thermal plastic resin film which contains conductivity particle. It is used major in LCD panel, and to drive the signal connection, transmitting in IC. Different interface connection requires specific conductivity particles and density accordingly. Generally speaking, the diameter of conductivity particles, which used for fine pitch, should be three to five um.
Active area
在液晶显示面板中具有显示功能之画素总面积。
英:In LCD screen, it serves the purpose of showing the total surface area of functional pixels.
Active matrix
在画素或dot上设置主动组件，于写入期间启动主动组件而写入data电压、其它期间则关闭主动组件以维持电压之矩阵驱动方式。依据主动组件的种类区分为3端子型的TFT方式与2端子型的TFD（MIM）方式。2端子型的制造工程可简化。
英:It sets active components on pixel or dot, witch activate active component to write data voltage during the writing period, and during other period, it shut off active component to maintain voltage of matrix driving method. According to different types of active component, it is divided into either 3-terminal model TFT or 2-terminal model TFD (MIM) methods. The manufacturing process of 2-terminal model can be simplified.
Anti-glare treatment
在液晶面板表面设置凹凸，以降低镜面反射之处理。Anti-glare处理的程度是利用积分球式光线透过率量测方式，以
全光线透过率与散乱光透过率的比定义的。
英：Convex and concave surface is configured on the LCD panel as the treatment to reduce the reflection of mirror. The extent of Anti-glare is to use the measuring method of light penetration of integral sphere model to define the ratio between the rate of full-light penetration and the rate of scatter light
Anti-reflection
在表面上包覆多层折射率不同的膜，用来消除接口的反射光之处理。
英：It is a treatment to eliminate reflection light from interface surface, by coating many layers of film with different reflecting rate on the surface.
Aperture ratio
单一画素中可透光面积与画素总面积之比值。开口率之大小与TFT所使用之金属导线特性及Cell制程能力有关。
英：It is the ratio of the luminary surface in a single pixel comparing to the surface of total pixels. The opening rate is determined by the nature of metal interconnect and the capability of Cell manufacturing of TFT.
APR® plate
液状紫外线硬化型树脂凸版。厚度从1.0~3.0都有，种类甚多，为了提供液体的转写效率，在画面部分的表面增加一层网状物。制版时，版系根据版体的直径，事先将画像缩小后制成。因为版即使在荧光灯下也会加促硬化，故保管上必须非常注意。（旭化成工业(株)的登记商标）
英:There are many kinds of resin projecting plate of UV hardening model in liquid state with a thickness ranging from 1.0 to 3.0; for the purpose of elevating the efficiency of pattern transformation for the liquid, the surface of the picture portion has been mounted a layer of meshed stuff. When perform the plate making, the pattern has been miniaturized and then finished in accordance with the diameter of plate. Since the hardening of plate will be promoted even under fluorescent light, special attention is required for preservation. (Trademark of Asahi Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd ).
Array
指玻璃基板上已配置TFT等switching组件，但未成为Cell前的状态。
英：It is the state in which the screen has been equipped with TFT switching device, but it is still not a cell yet.
Aspect ratio  
显像后的resist膜，或用蚀刻形成于基板上的pattern之深度与宽度的比。Aspect比＝ b/a（a：蚀刻的宽度，b：蚀刻的深度）
英：It is the ratio between the depth and width of the pattern on the etched substrate or the resist film after pattern is developed. Aspect ratio = b/a (a : etching width, b : etching depth)
B
Back exposure
将已经形成在基板上的pattern作成光罩，由基板背面露光之方法
英：It is a method of making the semiconductor mast from well formed pattern on the substrate, and exposes the back of the substrate to light.
Backlight
由于液晶显示器为非发光型，为了强化显示的能见度，将液晶面板背面的光加以投射之装置。光源以荧光灯管为主流，分为冷阴极管与热阴极管。构造上可分为直下型与侧光型。
英：Because the LCD does not luminesce itself, and to re-enforce the visibility of it, there is a device to project the light from the back of a LCD panel. The majority of light source comes from the fluorescent light tube, which is divided into two different types: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp and Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp. The structure can also divided into two different types: direct type and side light type.
Bezel
LCD面板组件，用以维持╱保护B/L组件之外侧外壳。一般采用金属板之成形品。
英：It’s a part of the LCD screen, and used to maintain/protect the side shell of B/L components. Normally, it is a product from metal plate.
Black Matrix
在液晶面板所使用的color filter上，为了分离RGB各画素作成的格子状或条纹状的构造。BM亦具有预防外部光源造成TFT错误动作的功能。现在虽以单层铬、低反射铬为主流，但树脂BM也已相继投入市场。
英：BM is used to separate the grid or strip structure made from RGB pixels on the color filter applied on LCD panel. BM also serves another purpose of preventing the malfunction of TFT resulted from outside light source. Although, single layer and low reflection chromium are the majority in the market, but resin BM also becomes another popular product.

C
Cell
指在二片玻璃基板合起来后所形成的几微米的间隙内封入液晶材料的Panel。
英：Cell is the panel of liquid crystal that fills into the micro meter gap formed by combining two glasses substrates.
Cell gap
指TFT基板与color filter基板上ITO膜之间隙，间隙之大小会影响液晶显示面板之穿透率及液晶反应时间。
英：Cell Gap is the gap between ITO film on color filter substrate and TFT substrate. The size of the gap affects the transmittance of LCD display substrate and response time of liquid crystal.
CF
Color Filter
为了使液晶彩色显示器能显示彩色，在液晶cell内构成的零件之一，在透明基板上依规则配列红、绿、蓝3个原色的pattern。Color filter一般是由遮光用的Black matrix、color显示用的着色pattern、保护着色pattern的透明保护膜、以及驱动液晶用的透明电极膜等4种要素所构成。
英：In order for LCD to generate colors, there is a pattern with Red, Green and Blue , which is one of the parts in the LC cell. Color filter is structured by 4 major components: Black Matrix to block light, pattern to display colors, transparent protection film made from protection pattern and transparent electrode film used for driver
LC.
CIE chromaticity diagram
以平面表现色度坐标之图形。在XYZ表色系及X10Y10Z10表色系中，原则上采用x, y或x10y10的直接坐标，分别称为CIE1931色度图或CIE1964色度图。又称为xy色度图或x10y10色度图。
英：CIE chromaticity diagram shows the graph of 2 dimensional color coordinate. On the XYZ color graph and X10Y10Z10 color graph, it uses x, y or x10y10 direct coordinate, and they are called CIE1931 color graph or CIE 1964 color graph. It is also known as xy or x10y10 chromaticity diagram.
COF
Chip On Film
直接将IC chip接续在可挠曲印刷电路板（flexible printed circuit board）的电极端子上之方式，为Chip On Film的简称。此种IC构装方法之特长为可挠曲印刷电路板之薄型化，其厚度约为TCP之1/3，可提高液晶显示模块构装之可*度。目前所使用之接合方式有导电膜、导电胶及共晶接合。
英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Film, which is a method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of flexible printed circuit board. The specialty of this IC package method can thinner the flexible printed circuit board, which is about one third of thickness of TCP. It also increases the reliability of the liquid crystal display module. The current connecting processes used are: conductivity film, conductivity paste and eutectic conjunction.
COG
Chip On Glass
直接将驱动IC之I/O与显示玻璃基板的电极端子面对面接合之方式，COG模块构装所使用之驱动IC必须先长凸块(bumping)，液晶面板模块构装之凸块材质为Au，目前以ACF为接合材料之制程较成熟。
英：It is a process of connecting electrode terminal of display glass substrate and I/O of Driving IC directly to each other. The Driving IC must have bumping, and the material used for liquid crystal substrate bumping is Au. The manufacturing process, which uses ACF as its connecting material, is more matured.
COP
Chip On Plastic
直接将IC chip接续在塑料基板的电极端子上之方式，为Chip On Plastic之简称。装设塑料基板液晶面板之driver IC时所使用的。
英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Plastic, which is a method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of plastic substrate. It is used for setting the driver IC onto the liquid crystal panel of plastic substrate.
Cold cathode fluorescent tube
为Back light其中一种光源，采用金属阴极之荧光灯管。利用高电场引起发光放电，然后用此放电所产生的紫外线激发荧光体而发光之放电灯管。基于发热、寿命之考虑，大多采用冷阴极管。
英：It is one of the light sources used in Back light, and it uses the fluorescent tube of metal cathode. The discharge tube that uses high electrical field to cause glow discharge and the ultra violet light generated from this type of discharge would trigger the fluorescent particle and glow. Considering the heat and life time factors, the cold cathode fluorescent tube is more frequently used.
Contrast ratio
液晶On╱Off时最大辉度与最小辉度之比。液晶依画面视角的不同，其contrast也会跟着改变，因此以最大的对比来表示。通常STN以10：1表示、TFT以100：1表示。
英：The ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness when the LC is On / Off. The contrast changes with different viewing angles, and therefore, maximum contrast ratio is used for display. Generally, STN is 10:1 and TFT is 100:1 for display.
CD
Critical Dimension
一般是指100um以下的pattern线宽或间隔，为表示pattern位置之尺寸值。使用于露光量、现象条件、蚀刻条件等制程参数，或制品尺寸管理方面。
英：CD means the gap or width between patterns under 100 um, and it is to show the dimension measurement of location of pattern. It is used as a parameter of light exposure quantity, and etching conditions in manufacturing process or dimension management aspect of products.
Crosstalk
由于画素间信号干涉，使对比高的画面轮廓在背景部产生的拖曳现象。每个画素都设置理想switch的主动矩阵方式不会产生crosstalk。
英：Due to the signal interferences between pixels, the background would generate dragging phenomenon in high contrast screen. Cross talk can be eliminated by fixing activate matrix type of ideal switch on each pixel.
D
Dark defect
不随信号改变而一直保持低辉度状态的点状缺陷。
英：Dark defect is a kind of dot form fault that does not change with signals and keeps in low BRIL status.
Data line
FT基板中传达显示信号之垂直方向的配线。因为接续在各画素TFT的Source电极或Drain 电极上，故又称为Source线或Drain线。线宽通常为数um到10um不等。
英：It is the perpendicular wiring used in TFT substrate to transfer display signals. Because it is connected with the Source electrode or Drain electrode on each pixel in TFT, it is also known as Source line or Drain line. The width of the line is often between few um to 10 um.
Dichroic Mirror
仅选择在特定的波长区域内的光来做反射的光学镜。一般是利用层积的多层膜的光之干涉经由反射而取出各式各样的颜色的光。使用在投写型的投影机上。
英：It is a kind of optical mirror that only reflects certain light in some chosen light spectrum. Normally, many layers of film to interfere with light and with reflection to generate various color of light. It is applied to projectors with poly-silicon LCD.
Dot
构成各画素的要素点（显示的最小构成点）。
英：Dot is the point that constructs each pixel. (the smallest display unit)
Driver IC
驱动液晶面板的回路或IC。Matrix显示有扫描电极（