The Argentine wine.docx

The Argentine wine industry is the fifth largest producer of wine in the world. Argentine wine, as with some aspects of Argentine cuisine, has its roots in Spain. During the Spanish colonization of the Americas, vine cuttings were brought to Santiago del Estero in 1557, and the cultivation of the grape and wine production stretched first to neighboring regions, and then to other parts of the country.
阿根廷是世界第5大葡萄酒生产过。阿根廷葡萄酒随着阿根廷没事一同在西班牙扎下根。1557年，西班牙殖民美洲时期，葡萄品种被带到圣地亚哥。葡萄的培育及酿造技术逐渐在其周围的产区传播开来，接着又传到国家的其他地方
The most important wine regions of the country are located in the provinces of Mendoza, San Juan and La Rioja. Salta, Catamarca, Río Negro and more recently Southern Buenos Aires are also wine producing regions. The Mendoza province produces more than 60% of the Argentine wine and is the source of an even higher percentage of the total exports. Due to the high altitude and low humidity of the main wine producing regions, Argentine vineyards rarely face the problems of insects, fungi, molds and other grape diseases that affect vineyards in other countries. This allows cultivating with little or no pesticides, enabling even organic wines to be easily produced
最重要的葡萄酒产地分别位于门多萨省、圣胡安、拉里奥哈、萨尔塔、卡塔马卡省、内格罗河及最近南布宜诺斯艾利斯也是葡萄酒产区。门多萨省生产的葡萄酒占阿根廷全国产量的60%。由于阿根廷的主要产区都在高海拔低湿度的地方，所以很少像其他国家面临虫害、真菌或其他葡萄疾病的影响。这使得他们在培育葡萄过程中很少甚至不添加杀虫剂，保证了有机酒的生产要求。
Wine regions
葡萄酒产地
Argentine wine regions while there is some wine production in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba and La Pampa, the vast majority of wine production takes place in the far western expanse of Argentina leading up to the foothills of the Andes. The Mendoza region is the largest region and the leading producer, responsible for more than two-thirds of the country's yearly production, followed by the San Juan and La Rioja regions to the north. In the far northeastern corner of the country are the provinces of Catamarca, and Salta which includes some of the world's highest planted vineyards. In the southern region of Patagonia, the Río Negro and Neuquén provinces have traditionally been the fruit producing centers of the country but have recently seen growth in the planting of cool climate varietals (such as Pinot noir and Chardonnay).
有些葡萄酒生产商会将自己大部分生产地选在阿根廷西部宽广的葡安第斯山脉脚下。门多萨产区是阿根廷最大的产区及主要的生产地。负责全国每年3分之一的产量，它其后是圣胡安和拉里奥哈。北部是卡塔马卡省和萨尔塔省，萨尔塔省世界海拔最高的葡萄种植区。南部产区巴塔哥尼亚，黑河，内乌肯省是全国水果产区的中心。但最近也开始种植地气温瓶中的葡萄。（如 黑品诺，霞多丽）
Mendoza门多萨
Despite total acreage planted declining from 629,850 acres (255,000 hectares) in 1980 to 360,972 acres (146,081 hectares) in 2003, Mendoza is still the leading producer of wine in Argentina. As of the beginning of the 21st century, the vineyard acreage in Mendoza alone was slightly less than half of the entire planted acreage in the United States and more than the acreage of New Zealand and Australia combined. The majority of the vineyards are found in the Maipú and Luján departments. In 1993, the Mendoza sub region of Luján de Cuyo was the first controlled appellation established in Mendoza Other notable sub-regions include the Uco Valley and the Tupungato department. Located in the shadow of Mount Aconcagua, the average vineyards in Mendoza are planted at altitudes 1,970-3,610 feet (600-1,100 meters) above sea level. The soil of the region is sandy and alluvial on top of clay substructures and the climate is continental with four distinct seasons that affect the grapevine, including winter dormancy
尽管从1980年到2003年葡萄种植面积减少了。但门多萨仍然是阿根廷主要的葡萄产区。21世纪初，门多萨产区的面积仅仅只比美国一半的产区小一些。但比新西兰和澳大利亚加在一起的产区要大。迈普省及卢汉省是主要的葡萄园区。1993年，门多萨省的分产区获得了门多萨这个法定名称。其他值得注意的产区有Uco Valley和图蓬加托省。在门多萨产区的平均海拔在1,970-3610英尺左右。顶层的粘土机构有沙土和冲积土组成。气候有着四季分明的特点这影响到葡萄藤包括冬眠。
San Juan & La Rioja圣胡安和拉里奥哈
After Mendoza, the San Juan region is the second largest producer of wine with over 116,000 acres (47,000 hectares) planted as of 2003. The climate of this region is considerably hotter and drier than Mendoza with rainfall averaging 6 inches (150 millimeters) a year and summer time temperatures regularly hitting 107°F (42°C). Premium wine production is centered around the Calingasta, Ullum and Zonda departments as well as the Tulum Valley. In addition to producing premium red varietals made from Syrah and Charbono known locally as Bonarda), the San Juan region has a long history of producing sherry-style wines, brandies and vermouth. The high yielding Cereza vine is also prominent here where it is used for blending and grape concentrate as well as for raisin and table grape consumption
在门多萨之后，圣胡安产区是第2大葡萄产区，种植面积额超过47,000公顷。气候比起门多萨更加炎热干燥。每年降水量平均150毫米，在夏季平均气温42°C。布宜诺斯艾利斯葡萄酒产区位于Calingasta, Ullum and Zonda的中心。除了布宜诺斯艾利斯产出的沙邦乐和西拉杂交的红葡萄品种，圣胡安还有这历史悠久的雪利酒，白兰地和苦艾酒。高产量的cereza葡萄在这里也十分突出。Cereza葡萄被用于混合或浓缩，也会制成葡萄干或以新鲜葡萄贩卖。
The La Rioja region was one of the first areas to be planted by Spanish missionaries and has the longest continued history of wine production in Argentina. Though a relatively small region, with only 20,000 acres (8,000 hectares) planted as of 2003, the region is known for aromatic Moscatel de Alexandrias and Torrontés made from a local sub-variety known as Torrontés Riojano. Lack of water has curtailed vineyard expansion here.
拉里奥哈产区是由西班牙传教士最先建立的葡萄产地。它有着悠久的历史。尽管它相对很小，只有8,000公顷的种植面积。这个产区为人所知的品种Moscatel de Alexandrias 和Torrontés
有本地的葡萄制成。缺水导致这里的产区缩水
Northwestern regions西北产区

Torrontés grapes, pre-veraison, growing in the Cafayate region.The vineyards of the northwestern provinces of Catamarca, Jujuy and Salta are located between the 24th parallel and 26th parallel south and include some of the highest elevated vineyards in the world with many vineyard planted more than 4,900 feet (1,500 meters) above sea level. Two vineyards planted by Bodega Colome in Salta are at elevations of 7,500 feet (2,250 meters) and 9,900 feet (3,000 meters). In contrast, most European vineyards are rarely planted above 1,600 feet (900 meters).
The soils and climate of the regions are very similar to Mendoza but the unique mesoclimate and high elevation of the vineyards typically produces grapes with higher levels of total acidity which contribute to the wines balance and depth. Of the three regions, Catamarca is the most widely planted with more than 5,800 acres (2,300 hectares) under vine as of 2003. In recent years the Salta region, and particularly its sub-region of Cafayate, have been gaining the most worldwide attention the quality of its full bodied whites made from Torrontés Riojano as well as its fruity reds made from Cabernet Sauvignon and Tannat
托龙特斯葡萄，预转色期及生长都在差法亚特。位于卡塔马卡省，胡胡伊省和萨尔多省的葡萄园建立在纬度24与26之间，还包括了一些高海拔的葡萄园都在1,500米以上。两个位于萨尔多省Bodega Colome庄园下的葡萄园海拔分别为2,250米和3,000米相对的大多数欧洲产区很少高于900米。这里土壤与气候与门多萨很相似。但中尺度气候和高海拔的产地生产的葡萄通常都有着很高的酸度使得生产的酒口感更加平衡有深度。在三个产区中，卡塔马卡省有着最为宽广的产区，超过了2,300公顷。近几年，萨尔多产区获得越来越多的关注，尤其是其中的Cafayate分区。萨尔多产地有托龙斯特葡萄产的高质量的白葡萄酒，及浓郁果香的红葡萄也收到关注。
Patagonia
巴塔哥尼亚
The wine regions of Patagonia are the source of many Pinot noir grapes used for the Argentine sparkling wine industry.The southern Patagonia region includes the fruit producing regions of Río Negro and Neuquén which has a considerably cooler climate than the major regions to the north which provides a long, drawn outgrowing season in the chalky soils of the area. In the early 20th century, Humberto Canale imported vine cuttings from Bordeaux and established the first commercial winery in the region. While 9,300 acres (3,800 hectares) were planted as of 2003, the region is growing as more plant cool climate varietals like Chardonnay and Pinot noir as well as Malbec, Semillon and Torrontés Riojano. Many of the grapes for the Argentine sparkling wine industry are sourced from this area. Located more than 990 miles (1,600 kilometers) south of Mendoza, the vineyards of Bodega Weinert are noted as the southernmost planted vineyards in the Americas
巴塔哥尼亚葡萄产区是许多用黑比诺酿造阿根廷起泡酒厂商进货的原产地。南巴塔哥尼亚产区包括了水果产地Río Negro and Neuquén比起北部产地来说，气候比较寒冷。这提供了一个冗长的成长但部成熟的季节。在20世纪初，Humberto Canale地区进口的葡萄品种都来自于波尔多，并且在这里建立了第一处具有商业性质的葡萄园。这里的种植面积至2003约有3,800公顷。在这两个产区种植了一些适宜寒冷气候的品种，像是霞多丽和黑品诺，当然还有马贝克，塞美蓉，托龙特斯。许多提供给阿根廷起泡酒产业的葡萄都出自这个地区。位于门多萨南面，占地超过1,600千米。该地区的万纳特酒庄是美洲最南边的葡萄园区