书面表达中非谓语动词的应用.docx

书面表达中非谓语动词的应用
请看例文：
2007 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
第II卷
第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分）
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一位英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1．年龄
2．性别
3．爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。
注意：
1．词数 100 左右；
2．可以适当增加细节．以使行文连贯；
3．开头语已为你写好。
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.

Best regards
Li Hua
Dear Peter,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming, and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time. With such a pen friend, I hope I can share with her our experience in traveling, taking care of pets or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Best regards
Li Hua

高考写作技巧：
英语书面表达在高考中日益显得重要，高考书面表达已不只局限于把话说清楚，把意思表达完整，而是要给我们的句子润色，让我们的句子靓起来。如何让我们的英语句子靓起来呢？词汇和句型当然是必不可少的两个条件，但词汇需要一定的积累，也需要一定的基础；相比之下，通过改造低级句型，可以较快地达到提高写作这一目的。在英语句型里面，强调句，倒装句，被动句，从句，感叹句等的灵活运用无疑会为我们的作文增添光彩，除此之外，有关非谓语动词的用法同样也会为我们的文章增添亮点。下面我们就结合非谓语动词的用法，来对低级句型进行改造：
◆ with引导的伴随结构：可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with结构。
低级形式： When the sun was lighting brightly and the birds were singing clearly, I went to school in high spirits.
可变为：With the sun lighting brightly and the birds singing clearly…

低级形式：He always likes to sleep when the windows are open.
可变为：He always likes to sleep with the windows open.
低级形式：The old man felt unhappy, because his son was so disappointing.
可变为：With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
低级形式：He stood at the door, and a cup was in his hand.
可变为：He stood at the door, with a cup in his hand. 或He stood at the door, cup in hand.（可应用到看图作文）
低级形式： I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.
可变为：I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
低级形式： As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard
time.
可变为：With a lot of difficult problems to settle, … 
◆ 巧妙地使用非谓语动词：可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。
低级形式：When she heard that, the driver’s wife quickly added that her husband often talked nonsense after drinking.
可变为：Hearing that, …
低级形式： I sat beside her. I felt very nervous.
可变为：Sitting beside her, I felt very nervous. 或者：I sat beside her, feeling very nervous.
低级形式：I want to quit smoking. I eat candies.
可变为：To quit smoking, I eat candies.
◆ 独立主格：将主从句去掉连词，前句动词变为分词即可。
低级形式： The weather was fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
可变为：The weather being fine, ….
低级形式：If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.
可变为：Weather permitting, we will …
低级形式：Because there was no bus, we had to walk home.
可变为：There being no bus, we had to walk home.
低级形式： Because it is Sunday, all the offices are closed.
可变为：It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.  
◆ 把简单句改成复合句：
示例：I was very tired. I couldn’t keep up with them.
可变为：I was so tired that I couldn’t keep up with them.或：I was too tired to keep up with them.
示例：Jimmy was dressed up as Father Christmas. He was accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls. He set off down the main street of the city. He rode a baby elephant. The elephant was called Jumbo.
可变为：Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a guard of honor of six pretty girls, Jimmy set off down the main street of the city, riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.
示例：A young man was tired of sleeping on the floor. He saved up for years to buy a real bed.
可变为：Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man saved up for years to buy a real bed.
示例：What’s worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, and have left women to carry on with the work.
可变为：To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women to carry on with the work.

思考题：看看你是如何用非谓语动词把句子写的更漂亮的吧！
非谓语动词完成句子精练10个：
1.     The sports meet which will be held（举行）next week is of great importance. (hold)
2.     The sports meet which is being held now（正在举行）is very important. (hold)
3.     The sports meet which was held last week（上星期举行）is of great importance. (hold)
4.     China is a country which is belonging to（属于）the Third World. (belong)
5.     Because he was devoted to his research（致力于研究）, the professor paid little attention to his
        surroundings. (devote)
6.     Twenty passengers were killed in the accident, and three children were included. （包括三名
    儿童） (child)
7.     I rushed to the phone at the reception desk, but I was told that （却被告知）there was no doctor
        available. (only)
8.     This is a story which dates back to （追溯到）the Tang Dynasty. (date)
9.     This is an article which is made up of （由五部分组成）five parts.(make )
10.   Because there was no bus （没有公共汽车）, we had to walk home last night. (be).
Keys:
1.   to be held
2.   being held now
3.    held last week
4.   belonging to
5.   Devoted to/ Devoting himself to
6.   including three children/ three children included
7.   only to be told (that)
8.   dating back to/from (which dates back to/from)
9.   made up of/which is made up of
10.  There being no bus

自学：
英语作文中，多样的词汇、短语，以及长短句的灵活运用都是得分的关键，除此之外，同学们可以借用一些名言警句来为文章添彩，下面为大家列举一些含有非谓语动词的名言警句供大家参考学习：
Pain past is pleasure. 过去的痛苦即快乐。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. 心之所愿，无事不成。
Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness. 与其诅咒黑暗，不如燃起蜡烛。
The shortest answer is doing. 最简短的回答就是行动。  
Saying is one thing and doing another. 言行不一。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退。 
A rising tide lifts all boats. 水涨众船高。
Time lost cannot be recalled. 光阴一去不复返。
To stand still is to move back. 逆水行舟，不进则退。
Saving is getting. 节约而后有（节约就是获得） 
Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 
Well begun, half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
It is hard to please all. 众口难调。
Live not to eat, but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。
A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出，驷马难追。 
Barking dogs seldom bite. 吠犬不咬人。 
Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳
It goes without saying. 不用说…
It takes three generations to make a gentleman. 十年树木，百年树人。 
It is the unforeseen that always happens. 天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。 
It is too late to grieve when the chance is past. 坐失良机，后悔已迟。 
It is better to die when life is a disgrace. 宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。 
It is easier to get money than to keep it. 挣钱容易攒钱难。 
It is easy to be wise after the event. 事后诸葛亮好当。 
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 创业容易守业难。 
It is hard to please all. 众口难调
It is never too old to learn .活到老，学到老。 
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 
Let sleeping dogs lie. 别惹麻烦
Let bygones be bygones. 过去的就让它过去吧。 
Reading enriches the mind. 开卷有益。
Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。 
Water dropping day by day wears the hardest rock away. 滴水穿石。
There is no royal road to learning. 书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。或译为学无坦途。
同样我们还可以适当使用一些独立成分，便于句与句之间的衔接，使句子结构更加紧凑，意思更加完整，如：
Generally speaking 一般说来
Frankly speaking 坦白地说，
Strictly speaking 严格来说
Concerning 关于
To tell you the truth 说实话
To make things/matters worse 更糟糕的是
To be (more) exact (更)确切地说
To be honest 老实说
Supposing/providing/assuming/ presuming 如果，假使，假定
Given/Provided that 假如，如果
Judging from/by… 根据…来判断
Compared to/with 与…相比
Speaking of /Talking of  说起…，谈到…
Seeing/Considering…/Taking…into consideration 考虑到…